本文详细介绍了Oracle数据库从关闭状态到完全打开的过程。包括实例启动但未挂载数据库、数据库挂载但未打开以及最终数据库完全打开三个阶段。通过了解这些步骤，可以帮助读者更好地理解Oracle数据库的启动机制。
116.Your database is in shutdown state.
What will happend if you issue next command:
SQL> startup
A. instance will started
B. instance started and DB is mounted
C. instance started, DB opened and finally mounted
D. instance started, DB mounted and finally opened
Answer: D
答案解析：
A database goes through the following phases when it proceeds from a shutdown state to an open database state:
-
Instance started without mounting database
The instance is started, but is not yet associated with a database.
-
Database mounted
The instance is started and is associated with a database by reading its control file (see "Overview of Control Files"). The database is closed to users.
-
Database open
The instance is started and is associated with an open database. The data contained in the data files is accessible to authorized users.
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