RMAN catalog 的创建和使用

RMAN备份与恢复

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本文详细介绍如何使用RMAN进行数据库的备份与恢复操作，包括创建恢复目录、全备、增量备份、表空间备份等，并提供了具体命令示例。

--==========================

-- RMAN catalog 的创建和使用

--==========================

一、创建恢复目录

创建恢复目录一般分为三大步骤

创建存放恢复目录的数据库(或使用已存在的数据库)

创建恢复目录的的所有者

创建恢复目录

创建数据库可以参考：Oralce 10g 使用DBCA创建数据库

在存储恢复目录的数据库创建表空间用于存储恢复目录schema及恢复目录数据(本文使用已经创建好的数据库catadb来存储恢复目录)

SQL> create tablespace tbs_rman datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/catadb/tbs_rman01.dbf'--创建rman恢复目录表空间

2 size 200m autoextend on;

SQL> create user rman identified by rman --创建rman schema

2 temporary tablespace temp

3 default tablespace tbs_rman

4 quota unlimited on tbs_rman;

SQL> grant recovery_catalog_owner to rman; --角色授予

SQL> conn rman/rman

SQL> select * from session_privs;

PRIVILEGE

----------------------------------------

CREATE SESSION

ALTER SESSION

CREATE TABLE

CREATE CLUSTER

CREATE SYNONYM

CREATE VIEW

CREATE SEQUENCE

CREATE DATABASE LINK

CREATE PROCEDURE

CREATE TRIGGER

CREATE TYPE

SQL> select * from session_roles;

ROLE

------------------------------

RECOVERY_CATALOG_OWNER

RMAN> connect catalog rman/rman@catadb --连接到恢复目录

connected to recovery catalog database

RMAN> create catalog tablespace tbs_rman; --创建恢复目录

recovery catalog created

[oracle@oradb ~]$ rman target sys/redhat@orcl catalog rman/rman@catadb --连接到目标数据库及恢复目录

connected to target database: ORCL (DBID=1260850162)

connected to recovery catalog database

RMAN> register database; --将目标数据库注册到恢复目录

database registered in recovery catalog

starting full resync of recovery catalog

full resync complete

二、基于恢复目录的备份

1.查看相关信息

RMAN> list incarnation;

List of Database Incarnations

DB Key Inc Key DB Name DB ID STATUS Reset SCN Reset Time

------- ------- -------- ---------------- --- ---------- ----------

1 8 ORCL 1260850162 PARENT 1 30-JUN-05

1 2 ORCL 1260850162 CURRENT 446075 22-OCT-10

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

RMAN> crosscheck copy; --校验copy

RMAN> delete expired copy; --删除过期的copy

2.全备

RMAN> run{

2> allocate channel ch1 device type disk;

3> backup as compressed backupset

4> database plus archivelog delete input

5> format='/u01/app/oracle/bk/rmbk/Whole_%d_%U'

6> tag='Whole_bak';

7> release channel ch1;}

3.增量备份(0级)

RMAN> run{

2> allocate channel ch1 device type disk;

3> allocate channel ch2 device type disk;

4> backup as compressed backupset

5> incremental level 0

6> database plus archivelog delete input

7> format='/u01/app/oracle/bk/rmbk/Inc_0_%d_%U'

8> tag='Inc_0';

9> release channel ch1;

10> release channel ch2;}

RMAN> list backup summary;

4.增量备份(1级)

RMAN> run{

2> allocate channel ch1 device type disk;

3> allocate channel ch2 device type disk;

4> backup as compressed backupset

5> incremental level 1 database

6> format='/u01/app/oracle/bk/rmbk/Inc_1_%d_%U'

7> tag='Inc_1';

8> release channel ch1;

9> release channel ch2;}

RMAN> list backup by file;

5.累计增量备份(1级)

RMAN> run{

2> allocate channel ch1 device type disk;

3> backup as compressed backupset

4> incremental level 1 cumulative database

5> format '/u01/app/oracle/bk/rmbk/Cum_1_%d_%U'

6> tag='Cum_1';

7> release channel ch1;}

6.备份表空间

RMAN> run{

2> allocate channel ch1 device type disk;

3> backup as compressed backupset

4> tablespace users,example

5> format='/u01/app/oracle/bk/rmbk/tbs_%d_%U'

6> tag='tbs';

RMAN> list backupset tag=tbs;

7.备份数据文件

RMAN> run{

2> allocate channel ch1 device type disk;

3> backup as compressed backupset

4> datafile 3

5> format='/u01/app/oracle/bk/rmbk/df_%d_%U'

6> tag='df';

7> release channel ch1;}

8.备份归档日志

备份归档日志前，建议先使用crosscheck校验一下

crosscheck通常用于检查备份是否被删除，如果删除将会打上删除标签

RMAN> crosscheck archivelog all;

allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: sid=148 devtype=DISK

validation succeeded for archived log

archive log filename=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/arch/log_1_117_733069427.arc recid=111 stamp=733171369

Crosschecked 1 objects

RMAN> sql 'alter system switch logfile';

sql statement: alter system switch logfile

RMAN> sql 'alter system switch logfile';

sql statement: alter system switch logfile

RMAN> list archivelog all;

List of Archived Log Copies

Key Thrd Seq S Low Time Name

------- ---- ------- - --------- ----

465 1 117 A 22-OCT-10 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/arch/log_1_117_733069427.arc

553 1 118 A 23-OCT-10 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/arch/log_1_118_733069427.arc

569 1 119 A 23-OCT-10 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/arch/log_1_119_733069427.arc

9.基于SCN来备份归档日志

RMAN> run{

2> allocate channel ch1 device type disk;

3> backup as compressed backupset

4> archivelog from scn 848043

5> format='/u01/app/oracle/bk/rmbk/arc_%d_%U'

6> tag='arc';

7> release channel ch1;

8> }

10.镜像备份

RMAN> run{

2> allocate channel ch1 device type disk;

3> backup as copy datafile 1,4

4> format '/u01/app/oracle/bk/rmbk/df_%d_%U'

5> tag 'copybak';

6> release channel ch1;}

11.其它

RMAN> crosscheck backupset;

RMAN> change backupset 1

RMAN> validate backupset

RMAN> validate backupset 635;

12.基于catalog的数据库恢复请参考：基于catalog 的RMAN 备份与恢复

三、更多参考

有关基于用户管理的备份和备份恢复的概念请参考：

Oracle 基于用户管理恢复的处理(详细描述了介质恢复及其处理)

有关RMAN的恢复与管理请参考：

RMAN 概述及其体系结构

RMAN 配置、监控与管理

RMAN 备份详解

RMAN 还原与恢复

有关Oracle体系结构请参考：

Oracle 实例和Oracle数据库(Oracle体系结构)

Oracle 联机重做日志文件(ONLINE LOG FILE)

Oracle 控制文件(CONTROLFILE)

Oracle 归档日志