RMAN catalog和switch参数解读

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RMAN catalog和switch参数解读


以前一直用backuppiece即备份集的方式，因为backup默认不加参数就为backuppiece。今天客户需要使用datafilecopy，没想到翻车了，对此形式的备份恢复不是很熟悉，特此做以实验测试。

backup as copy概念

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catalog

可以通过这个命令将以前的备份集信息重新导入到当前控制文件中, 一般应用于使用rman恢复, 控制文件又是旧的或者是手工创建的(这样的控制文件当然没有最新的备份集的信息), 通过catalog start with 可以将最新的备份集以及归档日志文件列表导入到控制文中, 然后就可以进行rman的恢复了.
catalog语法：
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在这里插入图片描述

在这里插入图片描述
Use the CATALOG command to do the following:

•Add backup pieces and image copies on disk to the RMAN repository
•Record a data file copy as a level 0 incremental backup in the RMAN repository, which enables you to use it as part of an incremental backup strategy

catalog的选项很多，而且选项对备份集和映像副本的识别情况不太一样，以下就是测试哪些选项可以识别映像副本，哪些选项可以识别备份集。

catalog datafilecopy注意点

以前没发现，才发现catalog也可以识别copy文件。

datafilecopy的备份文件，catalog只能使用catalog datafilecopy 识别，其他的都不会被识别。

备份：
RMAN> backup as copy datafile 4,6 format '/home/oracle/copy.bak';

Starting backup at 22-NOV-20
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=406 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00006 name=+DATADG/orcl/datafile/test.267.1057188065
output file name=/home/oracle/copy.bak tag=TAG20201122T232739 RECID=1 STAMP=1057188460
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00004 name=+DATADG/orcl/datafile/users.264.1023146143
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03009: failure of backup command on ORA_DISK_1 channel at 11/22/2020 23:27:42
ORA-19504: failed to create file "/home/oracle/copy.bak"
ORA-27038: created file already exists
Additional information: 1
参考：Doc ID: 1082911.6 
RMAN> backup as copy datafile 4,6 format '/home/oracle/copy_%U.bak';

Starting backup at 22-NOV-20
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00006 name=+DATADG/orcl/datafile/test.267.1057188065
output file name=/home/oracle/copy_data_D-ORCL_I-1550926869_TS-TEST_FNO-6_03vg6qmr.bak tag=TAG20201122T232931 RECID=2 STAMP=1057188571
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00004 name=+DATADG/orcl/datafile/users.264.1023146143
output file name=/home/oracle/copy_data_D-ORCL_I-1550926869_TS-USERS_FNO-4_04vg6qms.bak tag=TAG20201122T232931 RECID=3 STAMP=1057188572
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 22-NOV-20
[root@11gasm oracle]# ll
total 23124
-rw-r-----  1 oracle dba      10493952 Nov 22 23:29 copy_data_D-ORCL_I-1550926869_TS-TEST_FNO-6_03vg6qmr.bak   
-rw-r-----  1 oracle dba       5251072 Nov 22 23:29 copy_data_D-ORCL_I-1550926869_TS-USERS_FNO-4_04vg6qms.bak
-rw-r--r--  1 oracle oinstall    25192 Oct 31  2019 db.rsp
drwxr-xr-x  2 oracle oinstall     4096 Oct 31  2019 Desktop
drwxr-xr-x  2 oracle oinstall     4096 Oct 31  2019 Documents

不添加%U的时候，备份出来的文件只有一个，加了%U，由rman的日志可以看出，一个数据文件会输出一个备份文件。充分说明了官方文档的说法：as copy备份的是按os级别的cp来的，有几个文件，cp几次。类似于os的cp命令。

RMAN> catalog start with '/backup';

searching for all files that match the pattern /backup
no files found to be unknown to the database

RMAN> catalog start with '/backup/';

searching for all files that match the pattern /backup/

List of Files Unknown to the Database
=====================================
File Name: /backup/copy_data_D-ORCL_I-1550926869_TS-USERS_FNO-4_04vg8r6r  --尽然可以识别
File Name: /backup/copy_data_D-ORCL_I-1550926869_TS-TEST_FNO-6_03vg8r6q

Do you really want to catalog the above files (enter YES or NO)? no

RMAN> catalog backuppiece '/backup/copy_data_D-ORCL_I-1550926869_TS-USERS_FNO-4_04vg8r6r';

ORA-19870: error while restoring backup piece /backup/copy_data_D-ORCL_I-1550926869_TS-USERS_FNO-4_04vg8r6r
ORA-19608: /backup/copy_data_D-ORCL_I-1550926869_TS-USERS_FNO-4_04vg8r6r is not a backup piece

RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03002: failure of catalog command at 11/23/2020 17:53:35
RMAN-06209: List of failed objects
RMAN-06211: ==========================
RMAN-06212:   Object Type   Filename/Handle
RMAN-06213: --------------- ---------------------------------------------------
RMAN-06214: Backup Piece    /backup/copy_data_D-ORCL_I-1550926869_TS-USERS_FNO-4_04vg8r6r

RMAN> catalog datafilecopy '/backup/copy_data_D-ORCL_I-1550926869_TS-USERS_FNO-4_04vg8r6r';

cataloged datafile copy
datafile copy file name=/backup/copy_data_D-ORCL_I-1550926869_TS-USERS_FNO-4_04vg8r6r RECID=3 STAMP=1057254827

RMAN> list copy of datafile 4,6;

List of Datafile Copies
=======================

Key     File S Completion Time Ckp SCN    Ckp Time       
------- ---- - --------------- ---------- ---------------
3       4    A 23-NOV-20       372076     23-NOV-20      
        Name: /backup/copy_data_D-ORCL_I-1550926869_TS-USERS_FNO-4_04vg8r6r
        Tag: TAG20201123T175018

2       4    A 23-NOV-20       372076     23-NOV-20      
        Name: /home/oracle/copy_data_D-ORCL_I-1550926869_TS-USERS_FNO-4_04vg8r6r
        Tag: TAG20201123T175018

1       6    A 23-NOV-20       372075     23-NOV-20      
        Name: /home/oracle/copy_data_D-ORCL_I-1550926869_TS-TEST_FNO-6_03vg8r6q
        Tag: TAG20201123T175018


RMAN> catalog start with '/backup/';

searching for all files that match the pattern /backup/

List of Files Unknown to the Database
=====================================
File Name: /backup/copy_data_D-ORCL_I-1550926869_TS-TEST_FNO-6_03vg8r6q

Do you really want to catalog the above files (enter YES or NO)? yes
cataloging files...
cataloging done

List of Cataloged Files
=======================
File Name: /backup/copy_data_D-ORCL_I-1550926869_TS-TEST_FNO-6_03vg8r6q

RMAN> list backup of datafile 4,6;

specification does not match any backup in the repository

RMAN> list copy of datafile 4,6;

List of Datafile Copies
=======================

Key     File S Completion Time Ckp SCN    Ckp Time       
------- ---- - --------------- ---------- ---------------
3       4    A 23-NOV-20       372076     23-NOV-20      
        Name: /backup/copy_data_D-ORCL_I-1550926869_TS-USERS_FNO-4_04vg8r6r
        Tag: TAG20201123T175018             ---添加备份copy到控制文件中

2       4    A 23-NOV-20       372076     23-NOV-20      
        Name: /home/oracle/copy_data_D-ORCL_I-1550926869_TS-USERS_FNO-4_04vg8r6r
        Tag: TAG20201123T175018

4       6    A 23-NOV-20       372075     23-NOV-20      
        Name: /backup/copy_data_D-ORCL_I-1550926869_TS-TEST_FNO-6_03vg8r6q
        Tag: TAG20201123T175018

1       6    A 23-NOV-20       372075     23-NOV-20      
        Name: /home/oracle/copy_data_D-ORCL_I-1550926869_TS-TEST_FNO-6_03vg8r6q
        Tag: TAG20201123T175018

总结：
1、backup as copy备份的image copy，不能被list backup所识别，因为他不是备份集。
2、image copy备份信息要添加到控制文件中，有两种方法：一是catalog start with (参考下一节)；二是catalog datafilecopy full path。
3、这里面有个特例，数据文件在catalog的时候，catalog start with和catalog datafilecopy都可以使用，这在adg的增量备份里面特别有用。其实也就是后面所说的只要没在控制文件中，都可以添加进来，我们把数据文件当作为一个image copy即可。

catalog start with注意点：

官方解释：
START WITH ‘string_pattern’
[ NOPROMPT ]
Catalogs all valid backups in locations that match the string pattern, which can be an Automatic Storage Management disk group, Oracle Managed Files directory, or part of a filename. RMAN will report any files in the disk location that cannot be cataloged. RMAN must be connected to the target database and the target database must be mounted. Specify NOPROMPT if you do not want to be prompted after every match.
If the string pattern specifies a filename, then it matches the left part of the filename pattern. For example, /tmp/arc matches everything in directory /tmp/arc_dest and /tmp/archive/january as well as a file /tmp/arc.cpy.

如果字符串模式指定了文件名，则它与文件名模式的左侧匹配。 例如，/tmp/arc匹配目录/tmp/arc_dest和/ tmp / archive / january以及文件/tmp/arc.cpy中的所有内容。

RMAN> backup datafile 4,6 format '/home/oracle/copy.bak';

Starting backup at 23-NOV-20
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00006 name=+DATADG/orcl/datafile/test.dbf
input datafile file number=00004 name=+DATADG/orcl/datafile/user.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 23-NOV-20
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 23-NOV-20
piece handle=/home/oracle/copy.bak tag=TAG20201123T000919 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 23-NOV-20
从rman的日志可以看出，虽然备份了2个文件，但是输出只有一个文件，所以他不是os的cp。oracle自己的格式。
[oracle@11gasm ~]$ cp copy.bak /backup
[oracle@11gasm backup]$ rman target /

Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Mon Nov 23 08:53:14 2020

Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.

connected to target database: ORCL (DBID=1550926869)

RMAN> catalog start with '/backup';

using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
searching for all files that match the pattern /backup
no files found to be unknown to the database

RMAN> catalog start with '/backup/';   --使用catalog start with来指定备份集所在的文件目录，最好加上/

searching for all files that match the pattern /backup/

List of Files Unknown to the Database
=====================================
File Name: /backup/copy.bak

Do you really want to catalog the above files (enter YES or NO)? no

RMAN> catalog start with '/backup/copy.bak';   --指定具体文件名也可以，其实他也是正则表达式去匹配

searching for all files that match the pattern /backup/copy.bak

List of Files Unknown to the Database
=====================================
File Name: /backup/copy.bak

Do you really want to catalog the above files (enter YES or NO)? no

RMAN> catalog start with '/backup/copy';   --正则表达式

searching for all files that match the pattern /backup/copy

List of Files Unknown to the Database
=====================================
File Name: /backup/copy.bak

Do you really want to catalog the above files (enter YES or NO)? no
[oracle@11gasm backup]$ mkdir copytest
[oracle@11gasm backup]$ cp copy.bak copytest
[oracle@11gasm backup]$ ll
total 2100
drwxr-xr-x 2 oracle oinstall    4096 Nov 23 08:54 copytest
-rwxr-xr-x 1 oracle oinstall 2146304 Nov 23 06:00 copy.bak
[oracle@11gasm copytest]$ ll
total 2096
-rwxr-xr-x 1 oracle oinstall 2146304 Nov 23 08:54 copy.bak
[oracle@11gasm copytest]$ mv copy.bak zhuo.bak

RMAN> catalog start with '/backup/copy'; 

searching for all files that match the pattern /backup/copy

List of Files Unknown to the Database
=====================================
File Name: /backup/copy.bak
File Name: /backup/copytest/zhuo.bak   --可以匹配以copy开头的目录下的所有备份集

Do you really want to catalog the above files (enter YES or NO)? no

RMAN> catalog start with '/tmp/copy';

searching for all files that match the pattern /tmp/copy

List of Files Unknown to the Database
=====================================
File Name: /tmp/copy.bak

Do you really want to catalog the above files (enter YES or NO)? yes
cataloging files...
cataloging done

List of Cataloged Files
=======================
File Name: /tmp/copy.bak

RMAN> list backup of datafile 4,6;


List of Backup Sets
===================


BS Key  Type LV Size
------- ---- -- ----------
1       Full    2.04M
  List of Datafiles in backup set 1
  File LV Type Ckp SCN    Ckp Time  Name
  ---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----
  4       Full 372431     23-NOV-20 +DATADG/orcl/datafile/users.264.1023146143
  6       Full 372431     23-NOV-20 +DATADG/orcl/datafile/test.267.1057254521

  Backup Set Copy #1 of backup set 1
  Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time Compressed Tag
  ----------- ------------ --------------- ---------- ---
  DISK        00:00:00     23-NOV-20       NO         TAG20201123T175846

    List of Backup Pieces for backup set 1 Copy #1
    BP Key  Pc# Status      Piece Name
    ------- --- ----------- ----------
    1       1   AVAILABLE   /home/oracle/copy.bak

  Backup Set Copy #2 of backup set 1
  Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time Compressed Tag
  ----------- ------------ --------------- ---------- ---
  DISK        00:00:00     23-NOV-20       NO         TAG20201123T175846

    List of Backup Pieces for backup set 1 Copy #2
    BP Key  Pc# Status      Piece Name
    ------- --- ----------- ----------
    2       1   AVAILABLE   /tmp/copy.bak

RMAN> catalog start with '/tmp/copy';    --只要控制文件中已经有此备份集的信息，再次添加就会报错

searching for all files that match the pattern /tmp/copy
no files found to be unknown to the database

RMAN> catalog start with '+datadg/orcl/datafile/';

searching for all files that match the pattern +datadg/orcl/datafile/
no files found to be unknown to the database  --由于数据文件的路径在控制文件中没有变化，所以当添加此路径下的数据文件到控制文件中的时候，会报错。
RMAN> list copy of datafile 4;

List of Datafile Copies
=======================

Key     File S Completion Time Ckp SCN    Ckp Time       
------- ---- - --------------- ---------- ---------------
3       4    A 23-NOV-20       372076     23-NOV-20      
        Name: /backup/copy_data_D-ORCL_I-1550926869_TS-USERS_FNO-4_04vg8r6r
        Tag: TAG20201123T175018

2       4    A 23-NOV-20       372076     23-NOV-20      
        Name: /home/oracle/copy_data_D-ORCL_I-1550926869_TS-USERS_FNO-4_04vg8r6r
        Tag: TAG20201123T175018


RMAN> catalog datafilecopy '/backup/copy_data_D-ORCL_I-1550926869_TS-USERS_FNO-4_04vg8r6r';

cataloged datafile copy
datafile copy file name=/backup/copy_data_D-ORCL_I-1550926869_TS-USERS_FNO-4_04vg8r6r RECID=6 STAMP=1057256249

RMAN> catalog datafilecopy '/tmp/copy_data_D-ORCL_I-1550926869_TS-USERS_FNO-4_04vg8r6r';

cataloged datafile copy
datafile copy file name=/tmp/copy_data_D-ORCL_I-1550926869_TS-USERS_FNO-4_04vg8r6r RECID=7 STAMP=1057256280

RMAN> catalog datafilecopy '/tmp/copy_data_D-ORCL_I-1550926869_TS-USERS_FNO-4_04vg8r6r';

cataloged datafile copy
datafile copy file name=/tmp/copy_data_D-ORCL_I-1550926869_TS-USERS_FNO-4_04vg8r6r RECID=8 STAMP=1057256285  ---可以无限次catalog，不报错。

总的原则：写的名字其实是正则表达式，会去匹配以我们写的字符的所有文件，以及开头的目录和开头的目录下的所有文件。后面可以跟路径，也可以跟具体文件全路径，也可以跟正则表达式，只写前几位
如：
catalog start with ‘/backup/’; --匹配/backup路径下的所有备份集
catalog start with ‘/backup/copy.bak’; —只匹配文件copy.copy
catalog start with ‘/backup/copy’; --匹配/backup目录下，所有以copy开头的备份集，copy开头的目录下的所有备份集。
注意：
1、目录的权限属组和备份集的属组权限。oracle:oinstall
2、只要控制文件中已经有此备份集的信息，再次添加就会报错（特别是ASM中，OMF管理）,不允许多次添加。而catalog datafilecopy不会存在此问题，可以无限次添加。

catalog backuppiece

RMAN> catalog backuppiece '/backup/copy.bak';

cataloged backup piece
backup piece handle=/backup/copy.bak RECID=4 STAMP=1057256494

RMAN> catalog backuppiece '/tmp/copy_data_D-ORCL_I-1550926869_TS-TEST_FNO-6_03vg8r6q';

ORA-19870: error while restoring backup piece /tmp/copy_data_D-ORCL_I-1550926869_TS-TEST_FNO-6_03vg8r6q
ORA-19505: failed to identify file "/tmp/copy_data_D-ORCL_I-1550926869_TS-TEST_FNO-6_03vg8r6q"
ORA-27037: unable to obtain file status
Linux-x86_64 Error: 2: No such file or directory
Additional information: 3

RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03002: failure of catalog command at 11/23/2020 18:22:10
RMAN-06209: List of failed objects
RMAN-06211: ==========================
RMAN-06212:   Object Type   Filename/Handle
RMAN-06213: --------------- ---------------------------------------------------
RMAN-06214: Backup Piece    /tmp/copy_data_D-ORCL_I-1550926869_TS-TEST_FNO-6_03vg8r6q

只能添加备份集，image copy不能识别（日志ORA-19870:ORA-19505）

catalog archivelog

RMAN> catalog archivelog '/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/arch1_26_1023146133.dbf';

cataloged archived log
archived log file name=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/arch1_26_1023146133.dbf RECID=4 STAMP=1057256665

总结

类型命令
映像副本（backup as copy）catalog start with <路径正则表达式> 或者 catalog datafilecopy
备份集（backup dataifle）catalog start with <路径正则表达式> 或者 catalog backuppiece
adg增量初始化catalog start with <路径正则表达式> 或者 catalog datafilecopy
归档日志catalog backuppiece

SWITCH

Purpose

Use the SWITCH command to perform either of the following operations:

•Update the file names for a database, tablespace, or data file to the latest image copies available for the specified files
将数据库，表空间或数据文件的文件名更新为指定文件可用的最新映像副本
•Update the file names for data files and temp files for which you have issued a SET NEWNAME command
在run块中发出set netname后在控制文件中更新指定的文件名信息

A SWITCH is equivalent to the SQL statement ALTER DATABASE RENAME FILE: the names of the files in the RMAN repository are updated, but the database does not rename the files at the operating system level.

Prerequisites

RMAN must be connected to a target database. When switching tablespaces, data files, or temp files, the files must be offline. When switching the whole database, the database must not be open.
RMAN必须连接到目标数据库。 切换表空间，数据文件或临时文件时，这些文件必须处于脱机状态。 切换整个数据库时，数据库一定不能打开。
Usage Notes

The SWITCH command deletes the RMAN repository records for the data file copy from the recovery catalog and updates the control file records to status DELETED.
SWITCH命令从恢复目录中删除数据文件副本的RMAN存储库记录，并将控制文件记录更新为DELETED状态。

If RMAN is connected to a recovery catalog, and if the database is using a control file restored from backup, then SWITCH updates the control file with records of any data files known to the recovery catalog but missing from the control file.
如果RMAN连接到恢复目录，并且数据库正在使用从备份还原的控制文件，则SWITCH会更新控制文件，并记录恢复目录已知但控制文件中缺失的任何数据文件。

Execute SWITCH … TO COPY only at the RMAN prompt. Use SWITCH without TO COPY only within a RUN block.
只在RMAN提示符下执行SWITCH … TO COPY。 仅在RUN块内使用SWITCH而不要TO COPY。

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Examples

Example 3-55 Switching to Image Copies to Avoid Restoring from Backup

Assume that a disk fails, rendering all data files in the users tablespace inaccessible. Image copies of all data files in this tablespace exist in the fast recovery area. After starting RMAN and connecting to the database as TARGET, you can run SWITCH to point the control file to the new data files and then run RECOVER as follows:

SQL "ALTER TABLESPACE users OFFLINE IMMEDIATE";
SWITCH TABLESPACE users TO COPY;
RECOVER TABLESPACE users;
SQL "ALTER TABLESPACE users ONLINE";
Example 3-56 Switching Data File File Names After a Restore to a New Location

Assume that a disk fails, forcing you to restore a data file to a new disk location. After starting RMAN and connecting to the database as TARGET, you can use the SET NEWNAME command to rename the data file, then RESTORE to restore the missing data file. You run SWITCH to point the control file to the new data file and then RECOVER. This example allocates both disk and tape channels.

RUN
{
  ALLOCATE CHANNEL dev1 DEVICE TYPE DISK;
  ALLOCATE CHANNEL dev2 DEVICE TYPE sbt;
  SQL "ALTER TABLESPACE users OFFLINE IMMEDIATE";
  SET NEWNAME FOR DATAFILE '/disk1/oradata/prod/users01.dbf'
                        TO '/disk2/users01.dbf';
  RESTORE TABLESPACE users;
  SWITCH DATAFILE ALL;
  RECOVER TABLESPACE users;
  SQL "ALTER TABLESPACE users ONLINE";
}
Example 3-57 Renaming Temp Files Using SET NEWNAME and SWITCH TEMPFILE ALL

This example demonstrates using SET NEWNAME to specify new names for several temp files, and SWITCH TEMPFILE ALL to rename the temp files to the specified names. The database must be closed at the beginning of this procedure. The temp files are re-created at the new locations when the database is opened.

CONNECT TARGET /
STARTUP FORCE MOUNT
RUN
{  
  SET NEWNAME FOR TEMPFILE 1 TO '/disk2/temp01.dbf';
  SET NEWNAME FOR TEMPFILE 2 TO '/disk2/temp02.dbf';
  SET NEWNAME FOR TEMPFILE 3 TO '/disk2/temp03.dbf'; 
  SWITCH TEMPFILE ALL;  
  RESTORE DATABASE;  
  RECOVER DATABASE;  
  ALTER DATABASE OPEN;
}
Example 3-58 Switching to a Data File Copy

The following command switches the data file in the tools tablespace to the data file copy named /disk2/tools.copy:

RUN
{ 
  SQL "ALTER TABLESPACE tools OFFLINE IMMEDIATE";
  SWITCH DATAFILE '/disk1/oradata/prod/tools01.dbf' 
  TO DATAFILECOPY '/disk2/tools.copy'; 
  RECOVER TABLESPACE tools;
  SQL "ALTER TABLESPACE tools ONLINE";
}

这里的switch其实和rename是一个效果，都是用来修改控制文件中的datafile路径。
原理为：
控制文件记录的数据文件路径有的是不存在的文件，只是数据库认为是这些文件，或者真实的ASM上才是真实的数据文件，那么，我可以把ASM上的文件都认为是数据文件的copy备份，完全可以使用RMAN的catalog start with手工将这些copy“备份”加进来，数据库会认为这些文件就只是数据文件的copy备份，然后直接switch database to copy就可以成功切换。

参考：http://blog.itpub.net/31397003/viewspace-2149519/
Oracle® Database Backup and Recovery Reference
11g Release 2 (11.2)
E10643-07

https://www.cnblogs.com/jyzhao/p/7459415.html

P10ZHUO
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