Android JNI之System.loadLibrary()流程

文档目的

JNI全称Java Native Interface，相当于java语言和C/C++语言打交道的桥梁。主要是用来在java语言中加载lib库。然后就可以在java中使用native中定义的方法。

用法如下：

static {
    System.loadLibrary("TestJni");
}
private static native String getResult();

本文主要来跟踪一下System.loadLibrary的调用流程，不对jni文件实现做探究。

Library查找过程

以Android N代码为例，System.loadLibrary源码位于：

./libcore/ojluni/src/main/java/java/lang/System.java

    /**
     * Loads the system library specified by the <code>libname</code>
     * argument. The manner in which a library name is mapped to the
     * actual system library is system dependent.
     * <p>
     * The call <code>System.loadLibrary(name)</code> is effectively
     * equivalent to the call
     * <blockquote><pre>
     * Runtime.getRuntime().loadLibrary(name)
     * </pre></blockquote>
     *
     * @param      libname   the name of the library.
     * @exception  SecurityException  if a security manager exists and its
     *             <code>checkLink</code> method doesn't allow
     *             loading of the specified dynamic library
     * @exception  UnsatisfiedLinkError  if the library does not exist.
     * @exception  NullPointerException if <code>libname</code> is
     *             <code>null</code>
     * @see        java.lang.Runtime#loadLibrary(java.lang.String)
     * @see        java.lang.SecurityManager#checkLink(java.lang.String)
     */
    public static void loadLibrary(String libname) {
        Runtime.getRuntime().loadLibrary0(VMStack.getCallingClassLoader(), libname);
    }

可以看到然后又调用了Runtime.java的loadLibrary0方法：

./libcore/ojluni/src/main/java/java/lang/Runtime.java

    synchronized void loadLibrary0(ClassLoader loader, String libname) {
        if (libname.indexOf((int)File.separatorChar) != -1) {
            throw new UnsatisfiedLinkError(
    "Directory separator should not appear in library name: " + libname);
        }
        String libraryName = libname;
        if (loader != null) {
            String filename = loader.findLibrary(libraryName);
            if (filename == null) {
                // It's not necessarily true that the ClassLoader used
                // System.mapLibraryName, but the default setup does, and it's
                // misleading to say we didn't find "libMyLibrary.so" when we
                // actually searched for "liblibMyLibrary.so.so".
                throw new UnsatisfiedLinkError(loader + " couldn't find \"" +
                                               System.mapLibraryName(libraryName) + "\"");
            }
            String error = doLoad(filename, loader);
            if (error != null) {
                throw new UnsatisfiedLinkError(error);
            }
            return;
        }
 
        String filename = System.mapLibraryName(libraryName);
        List<String> candidates = new ArrayList<String>();
        String lastError = null;
        for (String directory : getLibPaths()) {
            String candidate = directory + filename;
            candidates.add(candidate);
 
            if (IoUtils.canOpenReadOnly(candidate)) {
                String error = doLoad(candidate, loader);
                if (error == null) {
                    return; // We successfully loaded the library. Job done.
                }
                lastError = error;
            }
        }
 
        if (lastError != null) {
            throw new UnsatisfiedLinkError(lastError);
        }
        throw new UnsatisfiedLinkError("Library " + libraryName + " not found; tried " + candidates);
    }

这个方法主要有两个作用：

    1. 找到lib的全称

    2. 调用doLoad加载lib库

首先会判断loader 不为空来执行上面两步，如果为空，则换个方法继续执行上面两步。

这个方法的第一个参数是ClassLoader，是获取系统的loader，一般情况下这个值不会为空，是通过ContextImpl.java中的getClassLoader来生成的，且实例化为PathClassLoader。PathClassLoader继承BaseDexClassLoader，BaseDexClassLoader继承ClassLoader。

所以loader.findLibrary(libraryName)最终是调用BaseDexClassLoader中的findLibrary。

代码位于：./libcore/dalvik/src/main/java/dalvik/system/BaseDexClassLoader.java

    @Override