今天主要想讨论一下C++时我就很迷糊的重载函数的概念
Java是支持重载的,我们通过一个简单的栗子来看一下它的机制
package float_or_double;
public class FloatOrDouble {
public static void aMethod(int a){
System.out.println("a="+a+" and is the int one!");
}
public static void aMethod(float a){
System.out.println("a="+a+" and is the float one!");
}
public static void aMethod(double a){
System.out.println("a="+a+" and is the double one!");
}
public static void aMethod(char a){
System.out.println("a="+a+" and is the char one!");
}
public static void main(String args[]){
aMethod(3.5);
aMethod(3.50);
aMethod(3.);
aMethod(3d);
aMethod(3f);
aMethod(3);
aMethod('c');
}
}
可以看到,我声明了4个重载函数,每一个对应的形参都不同,分别为int
,float
,double
,char
程序输出结果为
a=3.5 and is the double one!
a=3.5 and is the double one!
a=3.0 and is the double one!
a=3.0 and is the double one!
a=3.0 and is the float one!
a=3 and is the int one!
a=c and is the char one!
Java将数字后面有小数点的统一解释为double,而要想调用形参为float的需要在数字后面注明’f’
查找资料后得知:
对编程人员来说,double 和 float 的区别是double精度高,有效数字16位,float精度7位。但double消耗内存是float的两倍,double的运算速度比float慢得多,java语
言中数学函数名称double 和 float不同,不要写错,能用单精度时不要用双精度(以省内存,加快运算速度)(1)float型 内存分配4个字节,占32位,范围从10^-38到10^38 和 -10^38到-10^-38
例float x=123.456f,y=2e20f; 注意float型定义的数据末尾必须有”f”或”F”,为了和double区别(2)double型 内存分配8个字节,范围从10^-308到10^308 和 -10^-308到-10^-308
例double x=1234567.98,y=8980.09d; 末尾可以有”d”也可以不写单精度浮点数在机内占4个字节,用32位二进制描述。
双精度浮点数在机内占8个字节,用64位二进制描述。
有趣的是,当我删去形参为int的重载函数后,如果数字后面没有小数点,则将自动解释为float类型
代码如下
package float_or_double;
public class FloatOrDouble {
/*public static void aMethod(int a){
System.out.println("a="+a+" and is the int one!");
}*/
public static void aMethod(float a){
System.out.println("a="+a+" and is the float one!");
}
public static void aMethod(double a){
System.out.println("a="+a+" and is the double one!");
}
public static void aMethod(char a){
System.out.println("a="+a+" and is the char one!");
}
public static void main(String args[]){
aMethod(3.5);
aMethod(3.50);
aMethod(0.0);
aMethod(0);
aMethod(0.);
aMethod(3d);
aMethod(3f);
aMethod(3);
aMethod('c');
}
}
输出结果为
a=3.5 and is the double one!
a=3.5 and is the double one!
a=0.0 and is the double one!
a=0.0 and is the float one!
a=0.0 and is the double one!
a=3.0 and is the double one!
a=3.0 and is the float one!
a=3.0 and is the float one!
a=c and is the char one!
一个小彩蛋,Java中char类型是可以参与运算的,如将形参为char的重载函数改为如下形式:
public static void aMethod(char a){
System.out.println("a="+(a+1)+" and is the char one!");
}
那么会输出a=100 and is the char one!
,可以看到,’c’参与到了计算中,结果为ascii码+1