SSL证书这么贵,自签名证书这么不受浏览器待见,为什么不用Let’s encrypt免费证书呢?而且这个证书基本上一键生成,下面是方法。
下载let’s encrypt客户端
git clone https://github.com/certbot/certbot
进入下载的目录,执行自动脚本:
./certbot-auto --apache -d abc.com -d www.abc.com
2021 更新:
certbot-auto
命令已经废除,使用新命令:
certbot --nginx -d abc.com -d www.abc.com
输入email之类的信息,就可以完成了!!!
检测一下看看:https://www.ssllabs.com/ssltest/analyze.html?d=abc.com&latest
是最高等级的评级!
IMPORTANT NOTES:
- Congratulations! Your certificate and chain have been saved at:
/etc/letsencrypt/live/abc.com/fullchain.pem
Your key file has been saved at:
/etc/letsencrypt/live/abc.com/privkey.pem
Your cert will expire on 2018-02-02. To obtain a new or tweaked
version of this certificate in the future, simply run certbot-auto
again with the "certonly" option. To non-interactively renew *all*
of your certificates, run "certbot-auto renew"
- Your account credentials have been saved in your Certbot
configuration directory at /etc/letsencrypt. You should make a
secure backup of this folder now. This configuration directory will
also contain certificates and private keys obtained by Certbot so
making regular backups of this folder is ideal.
- If you like Certbot, please consider supporting our work by:
Donating to ISRG / Let's Encrypt: https://letsencrypt.org/donate
Donating to EFF: https://eff.org/donate-le
证书更新
先切换到Python2,切换python2/3,点这里。
./certbot-auto certonly --apache --renew-by-default -d abc.com -d www.abc.com
转发一个自动更新的脚本:
#!/bin/bash
#================================================================
# Let's Encrypt renewal script for Apache on Ubuntu/Debian
# @author Erika Heidi<erika@do.co>
# Usage: ./le-renew.sh [base-domain-name]
#================================================================
domain=$1
le_path='/opt/letsencrypt'
le_conf='/etc/letsencrypt'
exp_limit=30;
get_domain_list(){
certdomain=$1
config_file="$le_conf/renewal/$certdomain.conf"
if [ ! -f $config_file ] ; then
echo "[ERROR] The config file for the certificate $certdomain was not found."
exit 1;
fi
domains=$(grep --only-matching --perl-regex "(?<=domains \= ).*" "${config_file}")
last_char=$(echo "${domains}" | awk '{print substr($0,length,1)}')
if [ "${last_char}" = "," ]; then
domains=$(echo "${domains}" |awk '{print substr($0, 1, length-1)}')
fi
echo $domains;
}
if [ -z "$domain" ] ; then
echo "[ERROR] you must provide the domain name for the certificate renewal."
exit 1;
fi
cert_file="/etc/letsencrypt/live/$domain/fullchain.pem"
if [ ! -f $cert_file ]; then
echo "[ERROR] certificate file not found for domain $domain."
exit 1;
fi
exp=$(date -d "`openssl x509 -in $cert_file -text -noout|grep "Not After"|cut -c 25-`" +%s)
datenow=$(date -d "now" +%s)
days_exp=$(echo \( $exp - $datenow \) / 86400 |bc)
echo "Checking expiration date for $domain..."
if [ "$days_exp" -gt "$exp_limit" ] ; then
echo "The certificate is up to date, no need for renewal ($days_exp days left)."
exit 0;
else
echo "The certificate for $domain is about to expire soon. Starting renewal request..."
domain_list=$( get_domain_list $domain )
"$le_path"/letsencrypt-auto certonly --apache --renew-by-default --domains "${domain_list}"
echo "Restarting Apache..."
/usr/sbin/service apache2 reload
echo "Renewal process finished for domain $domain"
exit 0;
fi
两个问题:
- 一键生成SSL证书的脚本是用python 2写的,然后oj需要python3的支持。如何在SSL证书到期自动生成的脚本中加入python2 、3之间的自动转换(即生成证书前把python3转到python2,生成自动转3)
- http强制跳转https有何潜在问题
第一个问题:
certbot脚本基于python2,当系统里有python2 和python3时,会报错:
OSError: Command /root/.local/share/letsencrypt/bin/python2.7 - setuptools pkg_resources pip wheel failed with error code 2
Let's Encrypt returned an error status. Aborting.
解决方法1是升级pip,参考前3步:
https://github.com/interbrite/letsencrypt-vesta/issues/46#issuecomment-273014451
解决方法2,3是更新系统语言或者apt按照letsencrypt,更新语言尝试了但是没用。apt安装?~看着太混乱,没试:
https://github.com/certbot/certbot/issues/4062#issuecomment-273236106
解决办法4,重新安装virtualenv环境(有效):
先卸载:
apt-get purge python-virtualenv python3-virtualenv virtualenv
再安装:
pip install virtualenv
注意,安装在python2环境下,运行certbot命令后又会安装virtualenv环境
切换python2/3,点这里。