In Depth : Android Shutdown Sequence

• What happened when I long press power button ?
• What is shutdown sequence ?
• How is it different from desktop linux shutdown sequence?
• How to change shutdown menu ?

Many questions pop-up in mind when we think about Android shutdown sequence. Before you read about shutdown sequence I suggest you to read about boot sequence article.

Android is linux based open source operating system, x86 (x86 is a series of computer microprocessor instruction set architectures based on the Intel 8086 CPU.) is most likely system where linux kernel is deployed however all Android devices are running on ARM process (ARM (formerly Advanced RISC Machine, which was formerly Acorn RISC Machine)) except Intel’s Xolo device (http://xolo.in/xolo-x900-features). Xolo comes with Atom 1.6 GHz x86 processor. Android shutdown sequence is different from desktop linux like ubuntu, fedora, etc.

In this article I am going to explain shutdown sequence for Android only. Please refer “Linux Boot and Shutdown Process” for details of desktop linux shutdown process.

Following diagram illustrate shutdown sequence in detail.

Step 1: Long Press Power Button for 500ms.

Step 2: PhoneWindowManager.java identify Power Button long press and call method named “interceptKeyBeforeQueueing”.

Following code display power key  snippet from the function.

01	/** {@inheritDoc} */

02

@Override

03	public int interceptKeyBeforeQueueing(KeyEvent event, int policyFlags, boolean isScreenOn) {

04

....

05

....

06

....

07	case KeyEvent.KEYCODE_POWER: {

08	result &= ~ACTION_PASS_TO_USER;

09	if (down) {

10	if (isScreenOn && !mPowerKeyTriggered

11	&& (event.getFlags() & KeyEvent.FLAG_FALLBACK) == 0) {

12	mPowerKeyTriggered = true;

13	mPowerKeyTime = event.getDownTime();

14	interceptScreenshotChord();

15

}

16	ITelephony telephonyService = getTelephonyService();

17	boolean hungUp = false;

18	if (telephonyService != null) {

19

try {

20	if (telephonyService.isRinging()) {

21	// Pressing Power while there's a ringing incoming

22	// call should silence the ringer.

23	telephonyService.silenceRinger();

24	} else if ((mIncallPowerBehavior

25	& Settings.Secure.INCALL_POWER_BUTTON_BEHAVIOR_HANGUP) != 0

26	&& telephonyService.isOffhook()) {

27	// Otherwise, if "Power button ends call" is enabled,

28	// the Power button will hang up any current active call.

29	hungUp = telephonyService.endCall();

30

}

31	} catch (RemoteException ex) {

32	Log.w(TAG, "ITelephony threw RemoteException", ex);

33

}

34

}

35	interceptPowerKeyDown(!isScreenOn || hungUp

36	|| mVolumeDownKeyTriggered || mVolumeUpKeyTriggered);

37

} else {

38	mPowerKeyTriggered = false;

39	cancelPendingScreenshotChordAction();

40	if (interceptPowerKeyUp(canceled || mPendingPowerKeyUpCanceled)) {

41	result = (result & ~ACTION_WAKE_UP) | ACTION_GO_TO_SLEEP;

42

}

43	mPendingPowerKeyUpCanceled = false;

44

}

45

break;

46

}

47

....

48

....

49

....

50

}

Above code handle multiple options like silence ringtone, take screenshots and power off. It will identify appropriate option based on time duration and other key’s status. It will call “interceptPowerKeyDown” option by eliminate other options.

Following code display interceptPowerKeyDown function. It will wait for 500 millisecond (ViewConfiguration#getGlobalActionKeyTimeout())
then call mPowerLongPress Thread.

1	private void interceptPowerKeyDown(boolean handled) {

2	mPowerKeyHandled = handled;

3	if (!handled) {

4	mHandler.postDelayed(mPowerLongPress, ViewConfiguration.getGlobalActionKeyTimeout());

5

}

6

}

Following code represent mPowerLongPress thread

01	private final Runnable mPowerLongPress = new Runnable() {

02

@Override

03	public void run() {

04	// The context isn't read

05	if (mLongPressOnPowerBehavior < 0) {

06	mLongPressOnPowerBehavior = mContext.getResources().getInteger(

07	com.android.internal.R.integer.config_longPressOnPowerBehavior);

08

}

09	int resolvedBehavior = mLongPressOnPowerBehavior;

10	if (FactoryTest.isLongPressOnPowerOffEnabled()) {

11	resolvedBehavior = LONG_PRESS_POWER_SHUT_OFF_NO_CONFIRM;

12

}

13

14	switch (resolvedBehavior) {

15	case LONG_PRESS_POWER_NOTHING:

16

break;

17	case LONG_PRESS_POWER_GLOBAL_ACTIONS:

18	mPowerKeyHandled = true;

19	if (!performHapticFeedbackLw(null, HapticFeedbackConstants.LONG_PRESS, false)) {

20	performAuditoryFeedbackForAccessibilityIfNeed();

21

}

22	sendCloseSystemWindows(SYSTEM_DIALOG_REASON_GLOBAL_ACTIONS);

23	showGlobalActionsDialog();

24

break;

25	case LONG_PRESS_POWER_SHUT_OFF:

26	case LONG_PRESS_POWER_SHUT_OFF_NO_CONFIRM:

27	mPowerKeyHandled = true;

28	performHapticFeedbackLw(null, HapticFeedbackConstants.LONG_PRESS, false);

29	sendCloseSystemWindows(SYSTEM_DIALOG_REASON_GLOBAL_ACTIONS);

30	mWindowManagerFuncs.shutdown(resolvedBehavior == LONG_PRESS_POWER_SHUT_OFF);

31

break;

32

}

33

}

34

};

Step 3: Controls goes to GlobalActions.java which is responsible to display dialogbox with various options like (Power Off, Airplan mode, Take screenshot and few toggle buttons), This dialog box has different options are per your OEM provider, model and Android OS version. GlobalAction class has method named showdialog() which is responsible to create object of Dialogbox with options.

01	void showGlobalActionsDialog() {

02	if (mGlobalActions == null) {

03	mGlobalActions = new GlobalActions(mContext, mWindowManagerFuncs);

04

}

05	final boolean keyguardShowing = keyguardIsShowingTq();

06	mGlobalActions.showDialog(keyguardShowing, isDeviceProvisioned());

07	if (keyguardShowing) {

08	// since it took two seconds of long press to bring this up,

09	// poke the wake lock so they have some time to see the dialog.

10	mKeyguardMediator.userActivity();

11

}

12

}

Step 4: If user select “Power Off” option from the dialogbox then control again goes back to PhoneWindowManager, It will start shutdown process.

Step 5: Shutdown process initiate from ShutdownThread.java file’s shoutdowninner() function, It wil display confirmation dialog with ok / cancel button, If user select ok option then actual shutdown process starts.

Step 6: beginShutdownSequence() function called when user select OK option from the dialog.

01	private static void beginShutdownSequence(Context context) {

02	synchronized (sIsStartedGuard) {

03	if (sIsStarted) {

04	Log.d(TAG, "Shutdown sequence already running, returning.");

05

return;

06

}

07	sIsStarted = true;

08

}

09

10	// throw up an indeterminate system dialog to indicate radio is

11	// shutting down.

12	ProgressDialog pd = new ProgressDialog(context);

13	pd.setTitle(context.getText(com.android.internal.R.string.power_off));

14	pd.setMessage(context.getText(com.android.internal.R.string.shutdown_progress));

15	pd.setIndeterminate(true);

16	pd.setCancelable(false);

17	pd.getWindow().setType(WindowManager.LayoutParams.TYPE_KEYGUARD_DIALOG);

18

19	pd.show();

20

21	sInstance.mContext = context;

22	sInstance.mPowerManager = (PowerManager)context.getSystemService(Context.POWER_SERVICE);

23

24	// make sure we never fall asleep again

25	sInstance.mCpuWakeLock = null;

26

try {

27	sInstance.mCpuWakeLock = sInstance.mPowerManager.newWakeLock(

28	PowerManager.PARTIAL_WAKE_LOCK, TAG + "-cpu");

29	sInstance.mCpuWakeLock.setReferenceCounted(false);

30	sInstance.mCpuWakeLock.acquire();

31	} catch (SecurityException e) {

32	Log.w(TAG, "No permission to acquire wake lock", e);

33	sInstance.mCpuWakeLock = null;

34

}

35

36	// also make sure the screen stays on for better user experience

37	sInstance.mScreenWakeLock = null;

38	if (sInstance.mPowerManager.isScreenOn()) {

39

try {

40	sInstance.mScreenWakeLock = sInstance.mPowerManager.newWakeLock(

41	PowerManager.FULL_WAKE_LOCK, TAG + "-screen");

42	sInstance.mScreenWakeLock.setReferenceCounted(false);

43	sInstance.mScreenWakeLock.acquire();

44	} catch (SecurityException e) {

45	Log.w(TAG, "No permission to acquire wake lock", e);

46	sInstance.mScreenWakeLock = null;

47

}

48

}

49

50	// start the thread that initiates shutdown

51	sInstance.mHandler = new Handler() {

52

};

53	sInstance.start();

54

}

Run method, start actual shutdown process 

001	public void run() {

002	BroadcastReceiver br = new BroadcastReceiver() {

003	@Override public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {

004	// We don't allow apps to cancel this, so ignore the result.

005	actionDone();

006

}

007

};

008

009

/*

010	* Write a system property in case the system_server reboots before we

011	* get to the actual hardware restart. If that happens, we'll retry at

012	* the beginning of the SystemServer startup.

013

*/

014

{

015	String reason = (mReboot ? "1" : "0") + (mRebootReason != null ? mRebootReason : "");

016	SystemProperties.set(SHUTDOWN_ACTION_PROPERTY, reason);

017

}

018

019

/*

020	* If we are rebooting into safe mode, write a system property

021	* indicating so.

022

*/

023	if (mRebootSafeMode) {

024	SystemProperties.set(REBOOT_SAFEMODE_PROPERTY, "1");

025

}

026

027	Log.i(TAG, "Sending shutdown broadcast...");

028

029	// First send the high-level shut down broadcast.

030	mActionDone = false;

031	Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SHUTDOWN);

032	intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_RECEIVER_FOREGROUND);

033	mContext.sendOrderedBroadcastAsUser(intent,

034	UserHandle.ALL, null, br, mHandler, 0, null, null);

035

036	final long endTime = SystemClock.elapsedRealtime() + MAX_BROADCAST_TIME;

037	synchronized (mActionDoneSync) {

038	while (!mActionDone) {

039	long delay = endTime - SystemClock.elapsedRealtime();

040	if (delay <= 0) {

041	Log.w(TAG, "Shutdown broadcast timed out");

042

break;

043

}

044

try {

045	mActionDoneSync.wait(delay);

046	} catch (InterruptedException e) {

047

}

048

}

049

}

050

051	Log.i(TAG, "Shutting down activity manager...");

052

053	final IActivityManager am =

054	ActivityManagerNative.asInterface(ServiceManager.checkService("activity"));

055	if (am != null) {

056

try {

057	am.shutdown(MAX_BROADCAST_TIME);

058	} catch (RemoteException e) {

059

}

060

}

061

062	// Shutdown radios.

063	shutdownRadios(MAX_RADIO_WAIT_TIME);

064

065	// Shutdown MountService to ensure media is in a safe state

066	IMountShutdownObserver observer = new IMountShutdownObserver.Stub() {

067	public void onShutDownComplete(int statusCode) throws RemoteException {

068	Log.w(TAG, "Result code " + statusCode + " from MountService.shutdown");

069	actionDone();

070

}

071

};

072

073	Log.i(TAG, "Shutting down MountService");

074

075	// Set initial variables and time out time.

076	mActionDone = false;

077	final long endShutTime = SystemClock.elapsedRealtime() + MAX_SHUTDOWN_WAIT_TIME;

078	synchronized (mActionDoneSync) {

079

try {

080	final IMountService mount = IMountService.Stub.asInterface(

081	ServiceManager.checkService("mount"));

082	if (mount != null) {

083	mount.shutdown(observer);

084

} else {

085	Log.w(TAG, "MountService unavailable for shutdown");

086

}

087	} catch (Exception e) {

088	Log.e(TAG, "Exception during MountService shutdown", e);

089

}

090	while (!mActionDone) {

091	long delay = endShutTime - SystemClock.elapsedRealtime();

092	if (delay <= 0) {

093	Log.w(TAG, "Shutdown wait timed out");

094

break;

095

}

096

try {

097	mActionDoneSync.wait(delay);

098	} catch (InterruptedException e) {

099

}

100

}

101

}

102

103	rebootOrShutdown(mReboot, mRebootReason);

104

}

Step 7: With rebootOrShutdown() method controls transfer to the native function of com_android_server_power_PowerManagerService.cpp file, and finally control goes to android_reboot.c file which is final step of shutdown sequence.

1	static void nativeShutdown(JNIEnv *env, jclass clazz) {

2	android_reboot(ANDROID_RB_POWEROFF, 0, 0);

3

}