101个LINQ例子

最新推荐文章于 2024-04-19 13:53:55 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-04-19 13:53:55 发布

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分类专栏： Linq 文章标签： linq numbers string list apple arrays

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说明：本文摘抄自Microsoft的MSDN网站，因为原文不方便快速阅读和学习，故此调整如下。本文所有权利归Microsoft公司所有。如果您觉得本文侵犯了您的著作权，请来信告知，我将即时改正！多谢！

所有的代码运行结果请点击代码上的链接，到MSDN网站去看。

Restriction Operators

Where - Simple 1
public void Linq1() {
    int[] numbers = { 5, 4, 1, 3, 9, 8, 6, 7, 2, 0 };
    var lowNums =
        from n in numbers
        where n < 5
        select n;
    Console.WriteLine("Numbers < 5:");
    foreach (var x in lowNums) {
        Console.WriteLine(x);
    }
}
Where - Simple 2
public void Linq2() {
    List products = GetProductList();
    var soldOutProducts =
        from p in products
        where p.UnitsInStock == 0
        select p;
    Console.WriteLine("Sold out products:");
    foreach (var product in soldOutProducts) {
        Console.WriteLine("{0} is sold out!", product.ProductName);
    }
}
Where - Simple 3
public void Linq3() {
    List products = GetProductList();
    var expensiveInStockProducts =
        from p in products
        where p.UnitsInStock > 0 && p.UnitPrice > 3.00M
        select p;
    Console.WriteLine("In-stock products that cost more than 3.00:");
    foreach (var product in expensiveInStockProducts) {
        Console.WriteLine("{0} is in stock and costs more than 3.00.", product.ProductName);
    }
}
Where - Drilldown
public void Linq4() {
    List customers = GetCustomerList();
    var waCustomers =
        from c in customers
        where c.Region == "WA"
        select c;
    Console.WriteLine("Customers from Washington and their orders:");
    foreach (var customer in waCustomers) {
        Console.WriteLine("Customer {0}: {1}", customer.CustomerID, customer.CompanyName);
        foreach (var order in customer.Orders) {
            Console.WriteLine(" Order {0}: {1}", order.OrderID, order.OrderDate);
        }
    }
}
Where - Indexed
public void Linq5() {
    string[] digits = { "zero", "one", "two", "three", "four", "five", "six", "seven", "eight", "nine" };
    var shortDigits = digits.Where((digit, index) => digit.Length < index);
    Console.WriteLine("Short digits:");
    foreach (var d in shortDigits) {
        Console.WriteLine("The word {0} is shorter than its value.", d);
    }
}

Projection Operators

Select - Simple 1
public void Linq6() {
    int[] numbers = { 5, 4, 1, 3, 9, 8, 6, 7, 2, 0 };
    var numsPlusOne =
        from n in numbers
        select n + 1;
    Console.WriteLine("Numbers + 1:");
    foreach (var i in numsPlusOne) {
        Console.WriteLine(i);
    }
}
Select - Simple 2
public void Linq7() {
    List products = GetProductList();
    var productNames =
        from p in products
        select p.ProductName;
    Console.WriteLine("Product Names:");
    foreach (var productName in productNames) {
        Console.WriteLine(productName);
    }
}
Select - Transformation
public void Linq8() {
    int[] numbers = { 5, 4, 1, 3, 9, 8, 6, 7, 2, 0 };
    string[] strings = { "zero", "one", "two", "three", "four", "five", "six", "seven", "eight", "nine" };
    var textNums =
        from n in numbers
        select strings[n];
    Console.WriteLine("Number strings:");
    foreach (var s in textNums) {
        Console.WriteLine(s);
    }
}
Select - Anonymous Types 1
public void Linq9() {
    string[] words = { "aPPLE", "BlUeBeRrY", "cHeRry" };
    var upperLowerWords =
        from w in words
        select new {Upper = w.ToUpper(), Lower = w.ToLower()};
    foreach (var ul in upperLowerWords) {
        Console.WriteLine("Uppercase: {0}, Lowercase: {1}", ul.Upper, ul.Lower);
    }
}
Select - Anonymous Types 2
public void Linq10() {
    int[] numbers = { 5, 4, 1, 3, 9, 8, 6, 7, 2, 0 };
    string[] strings = { "zero", "one", "two", "three", "four", "five", "six", "seven", "eight", "nine" };
    var digitOddEvens =
        from n in numbers
        select new {Digit = strings[n], Even = (n % 2 == 0)};
    foreach (var d in digitOddEvens) {
        Console.WriteLine("The digit {0} is {1}.", d.Digit, d.Even ? "even" : "odd");
    }
}
Select - Anonymous Types 3
public void Linq11() {
    List products = GetProductList();
    var productInfos =
        from p in products
        select new {p.ProductName, p.Category, Price = p.UnitPrice};
    Console.WriteLine("Product Info:");
    foreach (var productInfo in productInfos) {
        Console.WriteLine("{0} is in the category {1} and costs {2} per unit.", productInfo.ProductName, productInfo.Category, productInfo.Price);
    }
}
Select - Indexed
public void Linq12() {
    int[] numbers = { 5, 4, 1, 3, 9, 8, 6, 7, 2, 0 };
    var numsInPlace = numbers.Select((num, index) => new {Num = num, InPlace = (num == index)});
    Console.WriteLine("Number: In-place?");
    foreach (var n in numsInPlace) {
        Console.WriteLine("{0}: {1}", n.Num, n.InPlace);
    }
}
Select - Filtered
public void Linq13() {
    int[] numbers = { 5, 4, 1, 3, 9, 8, 6, 7, 2, 0 };
    string[] digits = { "zero", "one", "two", "three", "four", "five", "six", "seven", "eight", "nine" };
    var lowNums =
        from n in numbers
        where n < 5
        select digits[n];
    Console.WriteLine("Numbers < 5:");
    foreach (var num in lowNums) {
        Console.WriteLine(num);
    }
}
SelectMany - Compound from 1
public void Linq14() {
    int[] numbersA = { 0, 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9 };
    int[] numbersB = { 1, 3, 5, 7, 8 };
    var pairs =
        from a in numbersA,
                b in numbersB
        where a < b
        select new {a, b};
    Console.WriteLine("Pairs where a < b:");
    foreach (var pair in pairs) {
        Console.WriteLine("{0} is less than {1}", pair.a, pair.b);
    }
}
SelectMany - Compound from 2
public void Linq15() {
    List customers = GetCustomerList();
    var orders =
        from c in customers,
                o in c.Orders
        where o.Total < 500.00M
        select new {c.CustomerID, o.OrderID, o.Total};
    ObjectDumper.Write(orders);
}
SelectMany - Compound from 3
public void Linq16() {
    List customers = GetCustomerList();
    var orders =
        from c in customers,
                o in c.Orders
        where o.OrderDate >= new DateTime(1998, 1, 1)
        select new {c.CustomerID, o.OrderID, o.OrderDate};
    ObjectDumper.Write(orders);
}
SelectMany - from Assignment
public void Linq17() {
    List customers = GetCustomerList();
    var orders =
        from c in customers,
                o in c.Orders,
                total = o.Total
        where total >= 2000.0M
        select new {c.CustomerID, o.OrderID, total};
    ObjectDumper.Write(orders);
}
SelectMany - Multiple from
public void Linq18() {
    List customers = GetCustomerList();
    DateTime cutoffDate = new DateTime(1997, 1, 1);
    var orders =
        from c in customers
        where c.Region == "WA"
        from o in c.Orders
        where o.OrderDate >= cutoffDate
        select new {c.CustomerID, o.OrderID};
    ObjectDumper.Write(orders);
}
SelectMany - Indexed
public void Linq19() {
    List customers = GetCustomerList();
    var customerOrders =
        customers.SelectMany(
            (cust, custIndex) =>
            cust.Orders.Select(o => "Customer #" + (custIndex + 1) +
                                    " has an order with OrderID " + o.OrderID) );
    ObjectDumper.Write(customerOrders);
}

Partitioning Operators

Take - Simple
public void Linq20() {
            int[] numbers = { 5, 4, 1, 3, 9, 8, 6, 7, 2, 0 };
            var first3Numbers = numbers.Take(3);
            Console.WriteLine("First 3 numbers:");
            foreach (var n in first3Numbers) {
                Console.WriteLine(n);
            }
        }
Take - Nested
public void Linq21() {
            List<Customer> customers = GetCustomerList();
            var first3WAOrders = (
                from c in customers
                from o in c.Orders
                where c.Region == "WA"
                select new {c.CustomerID, o.OrderID, o.OrderDate} )
                .Take(3);
            Console.WriteLine("First 3 orders in WA:");
            foreach (var order in first3WAOrders) {
                ObjectDumper.Write(order);
            }
        }
Skip - Simple
public void Linq22() {
            int[] numbers = { 5, 4, 1, 3, 9, 8, 6, 7, 2, 0 };
            var allButFirst4Numbers = numbers.Skip(4);
            Console.WriteLine("All but first 4 numbers:");
            foreach (var n in allButFirst4Numbers) {
                Console.WriteLine(n);
            }
        }
Skip - Nested
public void Linq23() {
            List<Customer> customers = GetCustomerList();
            var waOrders =
                from c in customers
                from o in c.Orders
                where c.Region == "WA"
                select new {c.CustomerID, o.OrderID, o.OrderDate};
            var allButFirst2Orders = waOrders.Skip(2);
            Console.WriteLine("All but first 2 orders in WA:");
            foreach (var order in allButFirst2Orders) {
                ObjectDumper.Write(order);
            }
        }
TakeWhile - Simple
public void Linq24() {
            int[] numbers = { 5, 4, 1, 3, 9, 8, 6, 7, 2, 0 };
            var firstNumbersLessThan6 = numbers.TakeWhile(n => n < 6);
            Console.WriteLine("First numbers less than 6:");
            foreach (var n in firstNumbersLessThan6) {
                Console.WriteLine(n);
            }
        }
SkipWhile - Simple
public void Linq26() {
            int[] numbers = { 5, 4, 1, 3, 9, 8, 6, 7, 2, 0 };
            var allButFirst3Numbers = numbers.SkipWhile(n => n % 3 != 0);
            Console.WriteLine("All elements starting from first element divisible by 3:");
            foreach (var n in allButFirst3Numbers) {
                Console.WriteLine(n);
            }
        }
SkipWhile - Indexed
public void Linq27() {
            int[] numbers = { 5, 4, 1, 3, 9, 8, 6, 7, 2, 0 };
            var laterNumbers = numbers.SkipWhile((n, index) => n >= index);
            Console.WriteLine("All elements starting from first element less than its position:");
            foreach (var n in laterNumbers) {
                Console.WriteLine(n);
            }
        }

Ordering Operators

OrderBy - Simple 1

publicvoid Linq28() {
    string[] words = { "cherry", "apple", "blueberry" };
    
    var sortedWords =
        from w in words
        orderby w
        select w;
    
    Console.WriteLine("The sorted list of words:");
    foreach (var w in sortedWords) {
        Console.WriteLine(w);
    }
}

OrderBy - Simple 2
public void Linq29() {
    string[] words = { "cherry", "apple", "blueberry" };
    var sortedWords =
        from w in words
        orderby w.Length
        select w;
    Console.WriteLine("The sorted list of words (by length):");
    foreach (var w in sortedWords) {
        Console.WriteLine(w);
    }
}
OrderBy - Simple 3
public void Linq30() {
    List products = GetProductList();
    var sortedProducts =
        from p in products
        orderby p.ProductName
        select p;
    ObjectDumper.Write(sortedProducts);
}
OrderBy - Comparer
public class CaseInsensitiveComparer : IComparer<string>
{
    public int Compare(string x, string y)
    {
        return string.Compare(x, y, true);
    }
}
public void Linq31() {
    string[] words = { "aPPLE", "AbAcUs", "bRaNcH", "BlUeBeRrY", "ClOvEr", "cHeRry"};
    var sortedWords = words.OrderBy(a => a, new CaseInsensitiveComparer());
    ObjectDumper.Write(sortedWords);
}
OrderByDescending - Simple 1
public void Linq32() {
    double[] doubles = { 1.7, 2.3, 1.9, 4.1, 2.9 };
    var sortedDoubles =
        from d in doubles
        orderby d descending
        select d;
    Console.WriteLine("The doubles from highest to lowest:");
    foreach (var d in sortedDoubles) {
        Console.WriteLine(d);
    }
}
OrderByDescending - Simple 2
public void Linq33() {
    List products = GetProductList();
    var sortedProducts =
        from p in products
        orderby p.UnitsInStock descending
        select p;
    ObjectDumper.Write(sortedProducts);
}

OrderByDescending - Comparer

public class CaseInsensitiveComparer : IComparerspan class="qs-keyword">string>
{
    publicint Compare(string x, string y)
    {
        returnstring.Compare(x, y, true);
    }
}

publicvoid Linq34() {
    string[] words = { "aPPLE", "AbAcUs", "bRaNcH", "BlUeBeRrY", "ClOvEr", "cHeRry"};
    
    var sortedWords = words.OrderByDescending(a => a, new CaseInsensitiveComparer());
        
    ObjectDumper.Write(sortedWords);
}

ThenBy - Simple

publicvoid Linq35() {
    string[] digits = { "zero", "one", "two", "three", "four", "five", "six", "seven", "eight", "nine" };

    var sortedDigits =
        from d in digits 
        orderby d.Length, d
        select d;

    Console.WriteLine("Sorted digits:");
    foreach (var d in sortedDigits) {
        Console.WriteLine(d);
    }
}

ThenBy - Comparer

public class CaseInsensitiveComparer : IComparerspan class="qs-keyword">string>
{
    publicint Compare(string x, string y)
    {
        returnstring.Compare(x, y, true);
    }
}

publicvoid Linq36() {
    string[] words = { "aPPLE", "AbAcUs", "bRaNcH", "BlUeBeRrY", "ClOvEr", "cHeRry"};
    
    var sortedWords =
        words.OrderBy(a => a.Length)
                .ThenBy(a => a, new CaseInsensitiveComparer());
        
    ObjectDumper.Write(sortedWords);
}

ThenByDescending - Simple

publicvoid Linq37() {
    List products = GetProductList();var sortedProducts =
        from p in products
        orderby p.Category, p.UnitPrice descendingselect p;

    ObjectDumper.Write(sortedProducts);
}

ThenByDescending - Comparer

public class CaseInsensitiveComparer : IComparerspan class="qs-keyword">string>
{
    publicint Compare(string x, string y)
    {
        returnstring.Compare(x, y, true);
    }
}

publicvoid Linq38() {
    string[] words = { "aPPLE", "AbAcUs", "bRaNcH", "BlUeBeRrY", "ClOvEr", "cHeRry"};
    
    var sortedWords =
        words.OrderBy(a => a.Length)
                .ThenByDescending(a => a, new CaseInsensitiveComparer());
        
    ObjectDumper.Write(sortedWords);
}

Reverse

publicvoid Linq39() {
    string[] digits = { "zero", "one", "two", "three", "four", "five", "six", "seven", "eight", "nine" };
    
    var reversedIDigits = (
        from d in digits
        where d[1] == 'i'
        select d)
        .Reverse();
    
    Console.WriteLine("A backwards list of the digits with a second character of 'i':");
    foreach (var d in reversedIDigits) {
        Console.WriteLine(d);
    }             
}

Grouping Operators

GroupBy - Simple 1
public void Linq40() { int[] numbers = { 5, 4, 1, 3, 9, 8, 6, 7, 2, 0 }; var numberGroups = from n in numbers group n by n % 5 into g select new { Remainder = g.Key, Numbers = g }; foreach (var g in numberGroups) { Console.WriteLine("Numbers with a remainder of {0} when divided by 5:", g.Remainder); foreach (var n in g.Numbers) { Console.WriteLine(n); } } }
GroupBy - Simple 2
public void Linq41() { string[] words = { "blueberry", "chimpanzee", "abacus", "banana", "apple", "cheese" }; var wordGroups = from w in words group w by w[0] into g select new { FirstLetter = g.Key, Words = g }; foreach (var g in wordGroups) { Console.WriteLine("Words that start with the letter '{0}':", g.FirstLetter); foreach (var w in g.Words) { Console.WriteLine(w); } } }
GroupBy - Simple 3
public void Linq42() { List<Product> products = GetProductList(); var orderGroups = from p in products group p by p.Category into g select new { Category = g.Key, Products = g }; ObjectDumper.Write(orderGroups, 1); }
GroupBy - Nested
public void Linq43() { List<Customer> customers = GetCustomerList(); var customerOrderGroups = from c in customers select new {c.CompanyName, YearGroups = from o in c.Orders group o by o.OrderDate.Year into yg select new {Year = yg.Key, MonthGroups = from o in yg group o by o.OrderDate.Month into mg select new { Month = mg.Key, Orders = mg } } }; ObjectDumper.Write(customerOrderGroups, 3); }

GroupBy - Comparer

public class AnagramEqualityComparer : IEqualityComparer 
{ 
public bool Equals(string x, string y) { return getCanonicalString(x) == getCanonicalString(y); } 
public int GetHashCode(string obj) { return getCanonicalString(obj).GetHashCode(); } 
private string getCanonicalString(string word) 
{ 
    char[] wordChars = word.ToCharArray(); Array.Sort(wordChars); return new string(wordChars); 
} 
}

publicvoid Linq44() 
{ 
string[] anagrams = {"from ", " salt", " earn ", " last ", " near ", " form "}; 
var orderGroups = anagrams.GroupBy(w => w.Trim(), new AnagramEqualityComparer()); 
ObjectDumper.Write(orderGroups, 1); 
}

GroupBy - Comparer, Mapped
public void Linq45() { string[] anagrams = {"from ", " salt", " earn ", " last ", " near ", " form "}; var orderGroups = anagrams.GroupBy( w => w.Trim(), a => a.ToUpper(), new AnagramEqualityComparer() ); ObjectDumper.Write(orderGroups, 1); } public class AnagramEqualityComparer : IEqualityComparer<string> { public bool Equals(string x, string y) { return getCanonicalString(x) == getCanonicalString(y); } public int GetHashCode(string obj) { return getCanonicalString(obj).GetHashCode(); } private string getCanonicalString(string word) { char[] wordChars = word.ToCharArray(); Array.Sort<char>(wordChars); return new string(wordChars); } }

Set Operators

Distinct - 1

publicvoid Linq46() {
    int[] factorsOf300 = { 2, 2, 3, 5, 5 };
    
    var uniqueFactors = factorsOf300.Distinct();

    Console.WriteLine("Prime factors of 300:");
    foreach (var f in uniqueFactors) {
        Console.WriteLine(f);
    }
}

Distinct - 2

public void Linq47() {
    List products = GetProductList();
    var categoryNames = (
        from p in products
        select p.Category)
        .Distinct();
                                            
    Console.WriteLine("Category names:");
    foreach (var n in categoryNames) {
        Console.WriteLine(n);
    }
}

Union - 1

publicvoid Linq48() {
    int[] numbersA = { 0, 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9 };
    int[] numbersB = { 1, 3, 5, 7, 8 };
    
    var uniqueNumbers = numbersA.Union(numbersB);
    
    Console.WriteLine("Unique numbers from both arrays:");
    foreach (var n in uniqueNumbers) {
        Console.WriteLine(n);
    }
}

Union - 2

publicvoid Linq49() {
    List products = GetProductList();List customers = GetCustomerList();
    
    var productFirstChars =
        from p in products
        select p.ProductName[0];
    var customerFirstChars =
        from c in customers
        select c.CompanyName[0];
    
    var uniqueFirstChars = productFirstChars.Union(customerFirstChars);
    
    Console.WriteLine("Unique first letters from Product names and Customer names:");
    foreach (var ch in uniqueFirstChars) {
        Console.WriteLine(ch);
    }
}

Intersect - 1

publicvoid Linq50() {
    int[] numbersA = { 0, 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9 };
    int[] numbersB = { 1, 3, 5, 7, 8 };
    
    var commonNumbers = numbersA.Intersect(numbersB);
    
    Console.WriteLine("Common numbers shared by both arrays:");
    foreach (var n in commonNumbers) {
        Console.WriteLine(n);
    }
}

Intersect - 2

publicvoid Linq51() {
    List products = GetProductList();
    List customers = GetCustomerList();
    
    var productFirstChars =
        from p in products
        select p.ProductName[0];
    var customerFirstChars =
        from c in customers
        select c.CompanyName[0];
    
    var commonFirstChars = productFirstChars.Intersect(customerFirstChars);
    
    Console.WriteLine("Common first letters from Product names and Customer names:");
    foreach (var ch in commonFirstChars) {
        Console.WriteLine(ch);
    }
}

Except - 1
public void Linq52() { int[] numbersA = { 0, 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9 }; int[] numbersB = { 1, 3, 5, 7, 8 }; IEnumerable<int> aOnlyNumbers = numbersA.Except(numbersB); Console.WriteLine("Numbers in first array but not second array:"); foreach (var n in aOnlyNumbers) { Console.WriteLine(n); } }
Except - 2
public void Linq53() { List products = GetProductList(); List customers = GetCustomerList(); var productFirstChars = from p in products select p.ProductName[0]; var customerFirstChars = from c in customers select c.CompanyName[0]; var productOnlyFirstChars = productFirstChars.Except(customerFirstChars); Console.WriteLine("First letters from Product names, but not from Customer names:"); foreach (var ch in productOnlyFirstChars) { Console.WriteLine(ch); } }

Conversion Operators

To Array
public void Linq54() { double[] doubles = { 1.7, 2.3, 1.9, 4.1, 2.9 }; var sortedDoubles = from d in doubles orderby d descending select d; var doublesArray = sortedDoubles.ToArray(); Console.WriteLine("Every other double from highest to lowest:"); for (int d = 0; d < doublesArray.Length; d += 2) { Console.WriteLine(doublesArray[d]); } }
To List
public void Linq55() { string[] words = { "cherry", "apple", "blueberry" }; var sortedWords = from w in words orderby w select w; var wordList = sortedWords.ToList(); Console.WriteLine("The sorted word list:"); foreach (var w in wordList) { Console.WriteLine(w); } }
To Dictionary
public void Linq56() { var scoreRecords = new [] { new {Name = "Alice", Score = 50}, new {Name = "Bob" , Score = 40}, new {Name = "Cathy", Score = 45} }; var scoreRecordsDict = scoreRecords.ToDictionary(sr => sr.Name); Console.WriteLine("Bob's score: {0}", scoreRecordsDict["Bob"]); }
OfType
public void Linq57() { object[] numbers = { null, 1.0, "two", 3, 4.0f, 5, "six", 7.0 }; var doubles = numbers.OfType<double>(); Console.WriteLine("Numbers stored as doubles:"); foreach (var d in doubles) { Console.WriteLine(d); } }

Element Operators

First - Simple
public void Linq58() { List products = GetProductList(); Product product12 = ( from p in products where p.ProductID == 12 select p ) .First(); ObjectDumper.Write(product12); }
First - Indexed
public void Linq60() { int[] numbers = { 5, 4, 1, 3, 9, 8, 6, 7, 2, 0 }; int evenNum = numbers.First((num, index) => (num % 2 == 0) && (index % 2 == 0)); Console.WriteLine("{0} is an even number at an even position within the list.", evenNum); }
FirstOrDefault - Simple
public void Linq61() { int[] numbers = {}; int firstNumOrDefault = numbers.FirstOrDefault(); Console.WriteLine(firstNumOrDefault); }
FirstOrDefault - Condition
public void Linq62() { List products = GetProductList(); Product product789 = products.FirstOrDefault(p => p.ProductID == 789); Console.WriteLine("Product 789 exists: {0}", product789 != null); }
FirstOrDefault - Indexed
public void Linq63() { double?[] doubles = { 1.7, 2.3, 4.1, 1.9, 2.9 }; double? num = doubles.FirstOrDefault((n, index) => (n >= index - 0.5 && n <= index + 0.5)); if (num != null) Console.WriteLine("The value {1} is within 0.5 of its index position.", num); else Console.WriteLine("There is no number within 0.5 of its index position.", num); }
ElementAt
public void Linq64() { int[] numbers = { 5, 4, 1, 3, 9, 8, 6, 7, 2, 0 }; int fourthLowNum = ( from n in numbers where n < 5 select n ) .ElementAt(3); // 3 because sequences use 0-based indexing Console.WriteLine("Fourth number < 5: {0}", fourthLowNum); }

Generation Operators

Range
public void Linq65() { var numbers = from n in Sequence.Range(100, 50) selectnew {Number = n, OddEven = n % 2 == 1 ? "odd" : "even"}; foreach (var n in numbers) { Console.WriteLine("The number {0} is {1}.", n.Number, n.OddEven); } }
Repeat
public void Linq66() { var numbers = Sequence.Repeat(7, 10); foreach (var n in numbers) { Console.WriteLine(n); } }

Quantifiers

Any - Simple
public void Linq67() { string[] words = { "believe", "relief", "receipt", "field" }; bool iAfterE = words.Any(w => w.Contains("ei")); Console.WriteLine("There is a word that contains in the list that contains 'ei': {0}", iAfterE); }
Any - Indexed
public void Linq68() { int[] numbers = { -9, -4, -8, -3, -5, -2, -1, -6, -7 }; bool negativeMatch = numbers.Any((n, index) => n == -index); Console.WriteLine("There is a number that is the negative of its index: {0}", negativeMatch); }
Any - Grouped
public void Linq69() { List products = GetProductList(); var productGroups = from p in products group p by p.Category into g where g.Group.Any(p => p.UnitsInStock == 0) select new {Category = g.Key, Products = g.Group}; ObjectDumper.Write(productGroups, 1); }
All - Simple
public void Linq70() { int[] numbers = { 1, 11, 3, 19, 41, 65, 19 }; bool onlyOdd = numbers.All(n => n % 2 == 1); Console.WriteLine("The list contains only odd numbers: {0}", onlyOdd); }
All - Indexed
public void Linq71() { int[] lowNumbers = { 1, 11, 3, 19, 41, 65, 19 }; int[] highNumbers = { 7, 19, 42, 22, 45, 79, 24 }; bool allLower = lowNumbers.All((num, index) => num < highNumbers[index]); Console.WriteLine("Each number in the first list is lower than its counterpart in the second list: {0}", allLower); }
All - Grouped
public void Linq72() { List products = GetProductList(); var productGroups = from p in products group p by p.Category into g where g.Group.All(p => p.UnitsInStock > 0) select new {Category = g.Key, Products = g.Group}; ObjectDumper.Write(productGroups, 1); }

Aggregate Operators

Count - Simple
public void Linq73() { int[] factorsOf300 = { 2, 2, 3, 5, 5 }; int uniqueFactors = factorsOf300.Distinct().Count(); Console.WriteLine("There are {0} unique factors of 300.", uniqueFactors); }
Count - Conditional
public void Linq74() { int[] numbers = { 5, 4, 1, 3, 9, 8, 6, 7, 2, 0 }; int oddNumbers = numbers.Count(n => n % 2 == 1); Console.WriteLine("There are {0} odd numbers in the list.", oddNumbers); }
Count - Indexed
public void Linq75() { int[] numbers = { 5, 4, 1, 3, 9, 8, 6, 7, 2, 0 }; int oddEvenMatches = numbers.Count((n, index) => n % 2 == index % 2); Console.WriteLine("There are {0} numbers in the list whose odd/even status " + "matches that of their position.", oddEvenMatches); }
Count - Nested
public void Linq76() { List customers = GetCustomerList(); var orderCounts = from c in customers select new {c.CustomerID, OrderCount = c.Orders.Count()}; ObjectDumper.Write(orderCounts); }
Count - Grouped
public void Linq77() { List products = GetProductList(); var categoryCounts = from p in products group p by p.Category into g select new {Category = g.Key, ProductCount = g.Group.Count()}; ObjectDumper.Write(categoryCounts); }
Sum - Simple
public void Linq78() { int[] numbers = { 5, 4, 1, 3, 9, 8, 6, 7, 2, 0 }; double numSum = numbers.Sum(); Console.WriteLine("The sum of the numbers is {0}.", numSum); }
Sum - Projection
public void Linq79() { string[] words = { "cherry", "apple", "blueberry" }; double totalChars = words.Sum(w => w.Length); Console.WriteLine("There are a total of {0} characters in these words.", totalChars); }
Sum - Grouped
public void Linq80() { List products = GetProductList(); var categories = from p in products group p by p.Category into g select new {Category = g.Key, TotalUnitsInStock = g.Group.Sum(p => p.UnitsInStock)}; ObjectDumper.Write(categories); }
Min - Simple
public void Linq81() { int[] numbers = { 5, 4, 1, 3, 9, 8, 6, 7, 2, 0 }; int minNum = numbers.Min(); Console.WriteLine("The minimum number is {0}.", minNum); }
Min - Projection
public void Linq82() { string[] words = { "cherry", "apple", "blueberry" }; int shortestWord = words.Min(w => w.Length); Console.WriteLine("The shortest word is {0} characters long.", shortestWord); }
Min - Grouped
public void Linq83() { List products = GetProductList(); var categories = from p in products group p by p.Category into g select new {Category = g.Key, CheapestPrice = g.Group.Min(p => p.UnitPrice)}; ObjectDumper.Write(categories); }
Min - Elements
public void Linq84() { List products = GetProductList(); var categories = from p in products group p by p.Category into g from minPrice = g.Group.Min(p => p.UnitPrice) select new {Category = g.Key, CheapestProducts = g.Group.Where(p => p.UnitPrice == minPrice)}; ObjectDumper.Write(categories, 1); }
Max - Simple
public void Linq85() { int[] numbers = { 5, 4, 1, 3, 9, 8, 6, 7, 2, 0 }; int maxNum = numbers.Max(); Console.WriteLine("The maximum number is {0}.", maxNum); }
Max - Projection
public void Linq86() { string[] words = { "cherry", "apple", "blueberry" }; int longestLength = words.Max(w => w.Length); Console.WriteLine("The longest word is {0} characters long.", longestLength); }
Max - Grouped
public void Linq87() { List products = GetProductList(); var categories = from p in products group p by p.Category into g select new {Category = g.Key, MostExpensivePrice = g.Group.Max(p => p.UnitPrice)}; ObjectDumper.Write(categories); }
Max - Elements
public void Linq88() { List products = GetProductList(); var categories = from p in products group p by p.Category into g from maxPrice = g.Group.Max(p => p.UnitPrice) select new {Category = g.Key, MostExpensiveProducts = g.Group.Where(p => p.UnitPrice == maxPrice)}; ObjectDumper.Write(categories, 1); }
Average - Simple
public void Linq89() { int[] numbers = { 5, 4, 1, 3, 9, 8, 6, 7, 2, 0 }; double averageNum = numbers.Average(); Console.WriteLine("The average number is {0}.", averageNum); }
Average - Projection
public void Linq90() { string[] words = { "cherry", "apple", "blueberry" }; double averageLength = words.Average(w => w.Length); Console.WriteLine("The average word length is {0} characters.", averageLength); }
Average - Grouped
public void Linq91() { List products = GetProductList(); var categories = from p in products group p by p.Category into g select new {Category = g.Key, AveragePrice = g.Group.Average(p => p.UnitPrice)}; ObjectDumper.Write(categories); }
Fold - Simple
public void Linq92() { double[] doubles = { 1.7, 2.3, 1.9, 4.1, 2.9 }; double product = doubles.Fold((runningProduct, nextFactor) => runningProduct * nextFactor); Console.WriteLine("Total product of all numbers: {0}", product); }
Fold - Seed
public void Linq93() { double startBalance = 100.0; int[] attemptedWithdrawals = { 20, 10, 40, 50, 10, 70, 30 }; double endBalance = attemptedWithdrawals.Fold(startBalance, (balance, nextWithdrawal) => ( (nextWithdrawal <= balance) ? (balance - nextWithdrawal) : balance ) ); Console.WriteLine("Ending balance: {0}", endBalance); }

Miscellaneous Operators

Concat - 1
public void Linq94() { int[] numbersA = { 0, 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9 }; int[] numbersB = { 1, 3, 5, 7, 8 }; var allNumbers = numbersA.Concat(numbersB); Console.WriteLine("All numbers from both arrays:"); foreach (var n in allNumbers) { Console.WriteLine(n); } }
Concat - 2
public void Linq95() { List customers = GetCustomerList(); List products = GetProductList(); var customerNames = from c in customers select c.CompanyName; var productNames = from p in products select p.ProductName; var allNames = customerNames.Concat(productNames); Console.WriteLine("Customer and product names:"); foreach (var n in allNames) { Console.WriteLine(n); } }
EqualAll - 1
public void Linq96() { var wordsA = new string[] { "cherry", "apple", "blueberry" }; var wordsB = new string[] { "cherry", "apple", "blueberry" }; bool match = wordsA.EqualAll(wordsB); Console.WriteLine("The sequences match: {0}", match); }
EqualAll - 2
public void Linq97() { var wordsA = new string[] { "cherry", "apple", "blueberry" }; var wordsB = new string[] { "apple", "blueberry", "cherry" }; bool match = wordsA.EqualAll(wordsB); Console.WriteLine("The sequences match: {0}", match); }

Custom Sequence Operators

Combine
public static class CustomSequenceOperators { public static IEnumerable Combine(this IEnumerable first, IEnumerable second, Func func) { using (IEnumerator e1 = first.GetEnumerator(), e2 = second.GetEnumerator()) { while (e1.MoveNext() && e2.MoveNext()) { yield return func(e1.Current, e2.Current); } } } } public void Linq98() { int[] vectorA = { 0, 2, 4, 5, 6 }; int[] vectorB = { 1, 3, 5, 7, 8 }; int dotProduct = vectorA.Combine(vectorB, (a, b) => a * b).Sum(); Console.WriteLine("Dot product: {0}", dotProduct); }

Query Execution

Deferred
public void Linq99() { // Sequence operators form first-class queries that // are not executed until you enumerate over them. int[] numbers = new int[] { 5, 4, 1, 3, 9, 8, 6, 7, 2, 0 }; int i = 0; var q = from n in numbers select ++i; // Note, the local variable 'i' is not incremented // until each element is evaluated (as a side-effect): foreach (var v in q) { Console.WriteLine("v = {0}, i = {1}", v, i); } }
Immediate
public void Linq100() { // Methods like ToList() cause the query to be // executed immediately, caching the results. int[] numbers = new int[] { 5, 4, 1, 3, 9, 8, 6, 7, 2, 0 }; int i = 0; var q = ( from n in numbers select ++i ) .ToList(); // The local variable i has already been fully // incremented before we iterate the results: foreach (var v in q) { Console.WriteLine("v = {0}, i = {1}", v, i); } }
Query Reuse
public void Linq101() { // Deferred execution lets us define a query once // and then reuse it later after data changes. int[] numbers = new int[] { 5, 4, 1, 3, 9, 8, 6, 7, 2, 0 }; var lowNumbers = from n in numbers where n <= 3 select n; Console.WriteLine("First run numbers <= 3:"); foreach (int n in lowNumbers) { Console.WriteLine(n); } for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { numbers[i] = -numbers[i]; } // During this second run, the same query object, // lowNumbers, will be iterating over the new state // of numbers[], producing different results: Console.WriteLine("Second run numbers <= 3:"); foreach (int n in lowNumbers) { Console.WriteLine(n); } }

转自：http://www.cnblogs.com/BigTall/archive/2008/01/03/1024695.html

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101个LINQ例子

说明：本文摘抄自Microsoft的MSDN网站，因为原文不方便快速阅读和学习，故此调整如下。本文所有权利归Microsoft公司所有。如果您觉得本文侵犯了您的著作权，请来信告知，我将即时改正！多谢！所有的代码运行结果请点击代码上的链接，到MSDN网站去看。 Restriction OperatorsWhere - Simple 1public void Linq1() { int[] numbers = { 5, 4, 1, 3, 9, 8, 6, 7, 2, 0 }; var lowNums
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