Java字节码深入解析 || 使用Intellij idea如何快速查看Java类字节码

最新推荐文章于 2024-08-05 03:08:58 发布

[shenhonglei]

最新推荐文章于 2024-08-05 03:08:58 发布

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分类专栏：工具文章标签： idea Java类字节码

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/shenhonglei1234/article/details/54861958

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注意： javap 查看【class文件的字节码】信息

Java字节码深入解析

一：Java字节代码的组织形式

　　类文件{

　　OxCAFEBABE，小版本号，大版本号，常量池大小，常量池数组，访问控制标记，当前类信息，父类信息，实现的接口个数，实现的接口信息数组，域个数，域信息数组，方法个数，方法信息数组，属性个数，属性信息数组

　　}

　　二：查看方法 --- javap命令

　　例子：有一个Java类Demo.java

/**
 * @author honglei
 * @since 2019-08-11
 */
public class Demo {
    /**
     * str1
     */
    private String str1;
    /**
     * str2
     */
    private String str2;
    /**
     * num1
     */
    private int num1;
    /**
     * num2
     */
    private int num2;
    /**
     * str3
     */
    public static final String STATIC_DATA = "hello world";

    /**
     * str1
     */
    private void sayHello1() {
        System.out.println("this is method1...");
    }

    /**
     * sayHello2
     */
    private void sayHello2() {
        System.out.println("this is method2...");
    }

    /**
     * sayHello3
     */
    private void sayHello3() {
        System.out.println("this is method3...");
    }
}

　　通过jdk自带的反编译工具命令 javap 可以查看class文件的字节码信息

D:\>javap -verbose Demo >> Demo.txt

　　Demo.txt：

sai:springbootdemo ws$ javap -verbose Demo.class 
Classfile /Users/ws/dev/SourceTree/springboot/springboot-demo/target/classes/com/example/springbootdemo/Demo.class
  Last modified Aug 11, 2019; size 1055 bytes
  MD5 checksum 98bea2d49bf0c5386ac21e3cae91d404
  Compiled from "Demo.java"
public class com.example.springbootdemo.Demo
  minor version: 0
  major version: 52
  flags: ACC_PUBLIC, ACC_SUPER
Constant pool:
   #1 = Methodref          #9.#36         // java/lang/Object."<init>":()V
   #2 = Fieldref           #37.#38        // java/lang/System.out:Ljava/io/PrintStream;
   #3 = String             #39            // this is method1...
   #4 = Methodref          #40.#41        // java/io/PrintStream.println:(Ljava/lang/String;)V
   #5 = String             #42            // this is method2...
   #6 = String             #43            // this is method3...
   #7 = String             #44            // test
   #8 = Class              #45            // com/example/springbootdemo/Demo
   #9 = Class              #46            // java/lang/Object
  #10 = Utf8               str1
  #11 = Utf8               Ljava/lang/String;
  #12 = Utf8               str2
  #13 = Utf8               num1
  #14 = Utf8               I
  #15 = Utf8               num2
  #16 = Utf8               STATIC_DATA
  #17 = Utf8               ConstantValue
  #18 = String             #47            // hello world
  #19 = Utf8               <init>
  #20 = Utf8               ()V
  #21 = Utf8               Code
  #22 = Utf8               LineNumberTable
  #23 = Utf8               LocalVariableTable
  #24 = Utf8               this
  #25 = Utf8               Lcom/example/springbootdemo/Demo;
  #26 = Utf8               sayHello1
  #27 = Utf8               sayHello2
  #28 = Utf8               sayHello3
  #29 = Utf8               main
  #30 = Utf8               ([Ljava/lang/String;)V
  #31 = Utf8               args
  #32 = Utf8               [Ljava/lang/String;
  #33 = Utf8               MethodParameters
  #34 = Utf8               SourceFile
  #35 = Utf8               Demo.java
  #36 = NameAndType        #19:#20        // "<init>":()V
  #37 = Class              #48            // java/lang/System
  #38 = NameAndType        #49:#50        // out:Ljava/io/PrintStream;
  #39 = Utf8               this is method1...
  #40 = Class              #51            // java/io/PrintStream
  #41 = NameAndType        #52:#53        // println:(Ljava/lang/String;)V
  #42 = Utf8               this is method2...
  #43 = Utf8               this is method3...
  #44 = Utf8               test
  #45 = Utf8               com/example/springbootdemo/Demo
  #46 = Utf8               java/lang/Object
  #47 = Utf8               hello world
  #48 = Utf8               java/lang/System
  #49 = Utf8               out
  #50 = Utf8               Ljava/io/PrintStream;
  #51 = Utf8               java/io/PrintStream
  #52 = Utf8               println
  #53 = Utf8               (Ljava/lang/String;)V
{
  public static final java.lang.String STATIC_DATA;
    descriptor: Ljava/lang/String;
    flags: ACC_PUBLIC, ACC_STATIC, ACC_FINAL
    ConstantValue: String hello world

  public com.example.springbootdemo.Demo();
    descriptor: ()V
    flags: ACC_PUBLIC
    Code:
      stack=1, locals=1, args_size=1
         0: aload_0
         1: invokespecial #1                  // Method java/lang/Object."<init>":()V
         4: return
      LineNumberTable:
        line 7: 0
      LocalVariableTable:
        Start  Length  Slot  Name   Signature
            0       5     0  this   Lcom/example/springbootdemo/Demo;

  public static void main(java.lang.String[]);
    descriptor: ([Ljava/lang/String;)V
    flags: ACC_PUBLIC, ACC_STATIC
    Code:
      stack=2, locals=1, args_size=1
         0: getstatic     #2                  // Field java/lang/System.out:Ljava/io/PrintStream;
         3: ldc           #7                  // String test
         5: invokevirtual #4                  // Method java/io/PrintStream.println:(Ljava/lang/String;)V
         8: return
      LineNumberTable:
        line 54: 0
        line 55: 8
      LocalVariableTable:
        Start  Length  Slot  Name   Signature
            0       9     0  args   [Ljava/lang/String;
    MethodParameters:
      Name                           Flags
      args
}
SourceFile: "Demo.java"

解析：

　　1、版本号 major version： 49 //java版本 jdk1.6显示的是50， jdk1.5显示的是49，jdk1.4显示的是58 ，高版本能执行低版本的class文件

　　2、常量池Constant pool

　　Method：方法

　　Field：字段

　　String：字符串

　　Asciz：签名如<init>由jvm调用，其他是不能够去调用它的

　　NameAndType：变量名的类型

　　Class：类

　　通过字节码，我们可以看到Demo类继承于java.lang.Object，如果类中没有显式声明构造函数的话，编译器会插入一个缺省无参的构造函数(构造函数在JVM级别是显示成<init>的普通函数)。

　　三：检测代码的效率问题

　　学习Java的过程中，都会了解到字符串合并时要用到StringBuffer 来代替String，那下面就来通过Java字节码来验证两种方式的效率性。

　　例子：一个Java类 TestString.java

<strong>public class TestString {
public String testString(String str1, String str2){
return str1 + str2;
}
public String testStringBuffer(StringBuffer sb, String str){
return sb.append(str).toString();
}
}
</strong>

　　javap –c TestString 后字节码信息：

Compiled from "TestString.java"
public class TestString extends java.lang.Object{
public TestString();
Code:
0: aload_0
1: invokespecial #8; //Method java/lang/Object."<init>":()V
4: return
public java.lang.String testString(java.lang.String, java.lang.String);
Code:
0: new #16; //class java/lang/StringBuilder
3: dup
4: aload_1
5: invokestatic #18; //Method java/lang/String.valueOf:(Ljava/lang/Object;)Ljava/lang/String;
8: invokespecial #24; //Method java/lang/StringBuilder."<init>":(Ljava/lang/String;)V
11: aload_2
12: invokevirtual #27; //Method java/lang/StringBuilder.append:(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;
15: invokevirtual #31; //Method java/lang/StringBuilder.toString:()Ljava/lang/String;
18: areturn
public java.lang.String testStringBuffer(java.lang.StringBuffer, java.lang.String);
Code:
0: aload_1
1: aload_2
2: invokevirtual #40; //Method java/lang/StringBuffer.append:(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/StringBuffer;
5: invokevirtual #45; //Method java/lang/StringBuffer.toString:()Ljava/lang/String;
8: areturn
}

　　从上面编译后的字节码信息可以看出来，方法testString 调用了五个方法：new 、invokestatic 、invokespecial 和两个invokevirtual ；而testStringBuffer 方法只调用了两个invokevirtual 方法。第一个方法比第二个方法多做了好多工作，其效率当然是要低的。而且我们从java/lang/StringBuilder.append：（Ljava/lang/String；）Ljava/lang/StringBuilder；

　　可以看出来其实对于String字符串合并，内部还是转化为StringBuilder的方法调用，这是因为String是长度不可变的，所以不如直接采用StringBuilder（与StringBuffer 长度都是可变的，只不过前者是非线程安全，后者是线程安全）进行字符串合并。