什么是Kotlin
Kotlin翻译成中文叫"靠他灵",它是由JetBrains公司发明的一种基于JVM的编程语言,目前Google宣布kotlin为Android开发的官方语言。
Kotlin的优势
全面支持Lambda表达式
数据类 (Data classes)
函数字面量和内联函数(Function literals & inline functions)
函数扩展 (Extension functions)
空安全(Null safety)
智能转换(Smart casts)
字符串模板(String templates)
主构造函数(Primary constructors)
类委托(Class delegation)
类型推断(Type inference)
单例(Singletons)
声明点变量(Declaration-site variance)
区间表达式(Range expressions)
Kotlin基本示例
most from reference
package com.jackie.basic.syntax
/**
* Created by Jackie on 2017/7/28.
* Kotlin Basic Syntax
*/
class BasicSyntax {
//Function having two Int parameters with Int return type:
public fun sum(a: Int, b: Int): Int { //访问修饰符 省略时,默认为 public 返回值为Int
return a + b
}
//Function having three Int parameters with Int return type:
fun sum(a: Int, b: Int, c: Int) = a + b + c
//Function returning no meaningful value:
fun printSum(a: Int, b: Int): Unit { //Unit为无类型,类似Java中的void,可以省略
println("sum of " + a + " and " + b + " is ${a + b}")
println("sum of $a and $b is ${a + b}") //在双引号中 直接用 $符操作变量 与上句等价
}
fun assignVariable() {
val a: Int = 1 // immediate assignment val = 本地只读变量 即不可变 immutable
val b = 2 // `Int` type is inferred 自动类型推断
val c: Int // Type required when no initializer is provided
c = 3 // deferred assignment
var x = 1 // Mutable variable:
x++
val s1 = "x is $x" // simple name in template:
val s2 = "${s1.replace("is", "was")}, but now is $x" // arbitrary expression in template:
println(s2)
}
fun maxOf(a: Int, b: Int): Int {
// return a > b ? a : b //原Java中的三目运算符 不可用
if (a > b) {
return a
} else {
return b
}
}
//fun maxOf(a:Int, b: Int):Int
fun minOf(a: Int, b: Int): Int = if (a < b) a else b
//字符串转int
private fun parseInt(str: String): Int? { // ? 表示可以为空
return str.toIntOrNull(8) //参数为 进制数(radix), 不传默认为10 转换错误 返回null
}
fun getBaseSyntax(name: String?): BasicSyntax? { // ? 表示可以为空
// checkNotNull(name) // 参数不能为空的 检测函数
return BasicSyntax()
}
fun printProduct(arg1: String, arg2: String) {
val x1 = parseInt(arg1)
val x2 = parseInt(arg2)
if (x1 == null) return
if (x2 == null) return
println(x1 * x2)
}
//is operator
fun getStringLength1(obj: Any): Int? { //Any 是任何Kotlin类的超类,相当于Java中的Object
if (obj is String) {// 类似java中的 instanceof
// 'obj' is automatically cast to `String` in this branch
return obj.length
}
// 'obj' is still of type 'Any' outside of the type-checked branch
return null
}
// !is
fun getStringLength2(obj: Any): Int? {
if (obj !is String) return null
return obj.length
}
fun getStringLength3(obj: Any): Int? {
if (obj is String && obj.length > 0)
return obj.length
return null
}
//Using a for loop
fun foreachItems() {
// val items = listOf<String>("apple", "banana", "kiwi")
val items = listOf("apple", "banana", "kiwi")
for (item in items) { //in operator
println("item is $item")
}
for (index in items.indices) { //indices 索引 type: Collection
// println("item at $index is ${items.get(index)}")
println("item at $index is ${items[index]}") //使用[index] 而不用 .get(index)
}
}
//Using when expression
fun describe(obj: Any): String =
when (obj) { //when 中 必须 有一个else
1 -> "One"
"Hello" -> "Greeting"
is Long -> "Long"
!is String -> "not a string"
else -> "Unknown"
}
//Using ranges 如果在if中 check的是一个数值,且使用了 in operator
fun range() {
val x = 10; val y = 9 //同一行中使用 ; 来分隔
if (x in 1..y + 1) {//使用 .. 来表示范围 最后转换成 x in 1..10
// if (x in (1..(y + 1))) {//如此解释 执行顺序 没问题 最后转换成 x in 1..10
// if (x in ((1..y) + 1)) {如此解释 执行顺序 不行 最后转换成 x in 10
println("fits in range")
}
for (x in 1..5) { //include 5 [1, 5] 前闭后闭区间
}
for (x in 1..10 step 2) { //x += 2 x is in {1, 3, 5, 7, 9}
println("rang 1..10 step 2: $x")
}
for (x in 9 downTo 0 step 3) { //x = 9, x >= 0 x -= 3
println("x in 9 downTo 0 step 3: $x")
}
for (x in 0 until 10 step 2) { //until 10 : not include 10 [0, 10) 前闭后开区间
println("x in 1 until 10: $x")
}
}
//Checking if a collection contains an object using in operator:
fun contains() {
val list = listOf("a1", "a2", "a3") //不可变list
when { // 匹配到一个条件 其它 就不再匹配 可以没有else 参考上面的when表达式
"a4" in list -> println("壹") //这种写法, 默认会做for循环遍历
"a5" in list -> println(list.size)
"a3" in list -> println("the index is ${list.indexOf("a3")}")
}
}
//Using lambda expressions to filter and map collections:
fun collectionsLambda() {
// val list = mutableListOf<Int>() //可变list
// for (i in 1 ..10) {
// list.add(i)
// }
val list = (1..10).toList() //上面的 简写
list.filter { it % 2 == 0 }.map { it * 3 }.forEach(::println)
// list.filter { it % 2 == 0 }.map { it * 3 }.forEach{ println("item is $it")}
}
}
fun main(args: Array<String>) {
var basicSyntax = BasicSyntax()
basicSyntax.printSum(10, 20)
basicSyntax.assignVariable()
var min = basicSyntax.minOf(10, 20)
println("min number is $min")
basicSyntax.getBaseSyntax(null)
basicSyntax.printProduct("1", "kk")
basicSyntax.printProduct("33", "66")
println(null) //直接输出了 null 字符串
basicSyntax.foreachItems()
println(basicSyntax.describe(2))
basicSyntax.range()
basicSyntax.contains()
basicSyntax.collectionsLambda()
}