Android M新的运行权限
权限机制
- google将权限分为两类, 一类是Normal Permison,这类权限一般不涉及用户隐私, 是不需要用户进行授权,比如手机的震动,访问网络等等,另一类是Dangerous Permission,一般是设计用户隐私的, 需要用户进行授权,比如访问sdcard,访问通讯录.
Normal Permission
android.permission.ACCESS_LOCATION_EXTRA_COMMANDS android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE android.permission.ACCESS_NOTIFICATION_POLICY android.permission.ACCESS_WIFI_STATE android.permission.ACCESS_WIMAX_STATE android.permission.BLUETOOTH android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN android.permission.BROADCAST_STICKY android.permission.CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE android.permission.CHANGE_WIFI_MULTICAST_STATE android.permission.CHANGE_WIFI_STATE android.permission.CHANGE_WIMAX_STATE android.permission.DISABLE_KEYGUARD android.permission.EXPAND_STATUS_BAR android.permission.FLASHLIGHT android.permission.GET_ACCOUNTS android.permission.GET_PACKAGE_SIZE android.permission.INTERNET android.permission.KILL_BACKGROUND_PROCESSES android.permission.MODIFY_AUDIO_SETTINGS android.permission.NFC android.permission.READ_SYNC_SETTINGS android.permission.READ_SYNC_STATS android.permission.RECEIVE_BOOT_COMPLETED android.permission.REORDER_TASKS android.permission.REQUEST_INSTALL_PACKAGES android.permission.SET_TIME_ZONE android.permission.SET_WALLPAPER android.permission.SET_WALLPAPER_HINTS android.permission.SUBSCRIBED_FEEDS_READ android.permission.TRANSMIT_IR android.permission.USE_FINGERPRINT android.permission.VIBRATE android.permission.WAKE_LOCK android.permission.WRITE_SYNC_SETTINGS com.android.alarm.permission.SET_ALARM com.android.launcher.permission.INSTALL_SHORTCUT com.android.launcher.permission.UNINSTALL_SHORTCUT
Dangerous Permission
权限分组意义: 如果app运行在Android 6.x的机器上,对于授权机制是这样的。如果你申请某个危险的权限,假设你的app早已被用户授权了同一组的某个危险权限,那么系统会立即授权,而不需要用户去点击授权。比如你的app对READ_CONTACTS已经授权了,当你的app申请WRITE_CONTACTS时,系统会直接授权通过。此外,对于申请时弹出的dialog上面的文本说明也是对整个权限组的说明,而不是单个权限(ps:这个dialog是不能进行定制的)。
其实还有两个特殊权限:
SYSTEM_ALERT_WINDOW: 设置悬浮窗 WRITE_SETTINGS: 修改系统设置
上面的两个特殊权限的授权是使用StartActivityForResult启动授权界面来完成,关于这两个特殊权限,一般不建议应用申请。
请求SYSTEM_ALERT_WINDOW:
private static final int REQUEST_CODE = 1; private void requestAlertWindowPermission() { Intent intent = new Intent(Settings.ACTION_MANAGE_OVERLAY_PERMISSION); intent.setData(Uri.parse("package:" + getPackageName())); startActivityForResult(intent, REQUEST_CODE); } @Override protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) { super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data); if (requestCode == REQUEST_CODE) { if (Settings.canDrawOverlays(this)) { Log.i(LOGTAG, "onActivityResult granted"); } } }
- 使用Action Settings.ACTION_MANAGE_OVERLAY_PERMISSION启动隐式Intent
- 使用”package:” + getPackageName()携带App的包名信息
- 使用Settings.canDrawOverlays方法判断授权结果
请求WRITE_SETTINGS
private static final int REQUEST_CODE_WRITE_SETTINGS = 2; private void requestWriteSettings() { Intent intent = new Intent(Settings.ACTION_MANAGE_WRITE_SETTINGS); intent.setData(Uri.parse("package:" + getPackageName())); startActivityForResult(intent, REQUEST_CODE_WRITE_SETTINGS ); } @Override protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) { super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data); if (requestCode == REQUEST_CODE_WRITE_SETTINGS) { if (Settings.System.canWrite(this)) { Log.i(LOGTAG, "onActivityResult write settings granted" ); } } }
- 使用Action Settings.ACTION_MANAGE_WRITE_SETTINGS 启动隐式Intent
- 使用”package:” + getPackageName()携带App的包名信息
- 使用Settings.System.canWrite方法检测授权结果
危险权限的申请流程:
6.0的运行时权限,我们最终都是要支持的,通常我们需要使用如下的API
int checkSelfPermission(String permission)
用来检测应用是否已经具有权限void requestPermissions(String[] permissions, int requestCode)
进行请求单个或多个权限void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, String[] permissions, int[] grantResults)
用户对请求作出响应后的回调
由于checkSelfPermission和requestPermissions从API 23才加入,低于23版本,需要在运行时判断 或者使用Support Library v4中提供的方法
ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission
ActivityCompat.requestPermissions
ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale
代码示范:
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
int hasOpenCameraPermission = ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.CAMERA);
//权限被拒绝
if (hasOpenCameraPermission != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
//提示权限被拒绝后的影响
if (!ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(this, Manifest.permission.CAMERA)) {
new AlertDialog.Builder(this)
.setMessage("You need to allow access to Camera!")
.setPositiveButton("ok", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(PermissionActivity.this, new String[]{Manifest.permission.CAMERA},
REQUEST_CAMERA_PERMISSION_CODE);
}
})
.setNegativeButton("Deny", null)
.show();
return;
}
//申请使用权限
ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this, new String[]{Manifest.permission.WRITE_CONTACTS}, REQUEST_CAMERA_PERMISSION_CODE);
return;
}
//权限被赋予
//打开相机
openCamera();
}
private void openCamera() {
Intent intent = new Intent(MediaStore.ACTION_IMAGE_CAPTURE);
ComponentName componentName = intent.resolveActivity(getPackageManager());
if (componentName != null) {
startActivityForResult(intent, REQUEST_CAPTURE);
}
}
@Override
public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, String[] permissions, int[] grantResults) {
super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);
//打开相机
if (requestCode == REQUEST_CAMERA_PERMISSION_CODE) {
if (grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
openCamera();
} else {
Toast.makeText(PermissionActivity.this, "Camera permission denied", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
}
}