Tomcat启动过程中找不到JAVA_HOME解决方法

Tomcat启动配置
本文介绍了解决Tomcat启动时找不到JAVA_HOME和JRE_HOME的问题。通过修改setclasspath.bat或setclasspath.sh文件,手动设置JAVA_HOME和JRE_HOME的路径。

windows   http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_61c006ea0100l1u6.html

 

linux     http://blog.csdn.net/eifjgoergfgrgr/article/details/7556882

 

windows:

在XP上明明已经安装了JDK1.5并设置好了JAVA_HOME,可偏偏Tomcat在启动过程中找不到。

   报错信息如下:Neither the JAVA_HOME nor the JRE_HOME environment variable is defined At least one of these environment variable is needed to run this program;提示找不到java_home各jre_home路径,何解?

   原因不知道了,下面来看解决办法:

   1、分析startup.bat启动脚本:发现其调用了catalina.bat,而catalina.bat调用了setclasspath.bat

   2、在setclasspath.bat的头部定义了JAVA_HOMEJRE_HOME的值,那么在这里手动设置JAVA_HOME变量

rem ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
rem Set CLASSPATH and Java options
rem
rem $Id: setclasspath.bat 505241 2007-02-09 10:22:58Z jfclere $
rem ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

set JAVA_HOME=C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.5.0_05
set JRE_HOME=C:\Program Files\Java\jre1.5.0_05

rem Make sure prerequisite environment variables are set
if not "%JAVA_HOME%" == "" goto gotJdkHome
if not "%JRE_HOME%" == "" goto gotJreHome
echo Neither the JAVA_HOME nor the JRE_HOME environment variable is defined
echo At least one of these environment variable is needed to run this program
goto exit

:gotJreHome
if not exist "%JRE_HOME%\bin\java.exe" goto noJavaHome
if not exist "%JRE_HOME%\bin\javaw.exe" goto noJavaHome
if not ""%1"" == ""debug"" goto okJavaHome
echo JAVA_HOME should point to a JDK in order to run in debug mode.
goto exit

:gotJdkHome
if not exist "%JAVA_HOME%\bin\java.exe" goto noJavaHome
if not exist "%JAVA_HOME%\bin\javaw.exe" goto noJavaHome
if not exist "%JAVA_HOME%\bin\jdb.exe" goto noJavaHome
if not exist "%JAVA_HOME%\bin\javac.exe" goto noJavaHome
if not "%JRE_HOME%" == "" goto okJavaHome
set JRE_HOME=%JAVA_HOME%
goto okJavaHome

:noJavaHome
echo The JAVA_HOME environment variable is not defined correctly
echo This environment variable is needed to run this program
echo NB: JAVA_HOME should point to a JDK not a JRE
goto exit
:okJavaHome

if not "�SEDIR%" == "" goto gotBasedir
echo The BASEDIR environment variable is not defined
echo This environment variable is needed to run this program
goto exit
:gotBasedir
if exist "�SEDIR%\bin\setclasspath.bat" goto okBasedir
echo The BASEDIR environment variable is not defined correctly
echo This environment variable is needed to run this program
goto exit
:okBasedir

rem Set the default -Djava.endorsed.dirs argument
set JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS=�SEDIR%\endorsed

rem Set standard CLASSPATH
rem Note that there are no quotes as we do not want to introduce random
rem quotes into the CLASSPATH
if not exist "%JAVA_HOME%\bin\tools.jar" goto noJavac
set CLASSPATH=%JAVA_HOME%\lib\tools.jar
:noJavac

rem Set standard command for invoking Java.
rem Note that NT requires a window name argument when using start.
rem Also note the quoting as JAVA_HOME may contain spaces.
set _RUNJAVA="%JRE_HOME%\bin\java"
set _RUNJAVAW="%JRE_HOME%\bin\javaw"
set _RUNJDB="%JAVA_HOME%\bin\jdb"
set _RUNJAVAC="%JAVA_HOME%\bin\javac"

goto end

:exit
exit /b 1

:end

 

    3、重启tomcat,敲入http://localhost:8080验证,问题解决。

 

tomcat5需要jdk1.6做支撑,jdk1.5不能够。

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

linux

 

先看Tomcat的startup.bat,它调用了catalina.bat,而catalina.bat则调用了setclasspath.bat。只要在setclasspath.bat的开头声明环境变量,打开tomcat的bin目录下面的setclasspath.sh,添加红色部分,路径自己修改 

#!/bin/sh 
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
#  Set CLASSPATH and Java options 

#  $Id: setclasspath.sh 467182 2006-10-23 23:47:06Z markt $ 
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 

export JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-6-sun 
export JRE_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-6-sun/jre
 

# First clear out the user classpath 
CLASSPATH= 

# Make sure prerequisite environment variables are set 
if [ -z "$JAVA_HOME" -a -z "$JRE_HOME" ]; then 
  # Bugzilla 37284 
  if $darwin && [ -d "/System/Library/Frameworks/JavaVM.framework/Versions/1.5/Home" ]; then 
    export JAVA_HOME="/System/Library/Frameworks/JavaVM.framework/Versions/1.5/Home" 
  else 
    echo "Neither the JAVA_HOME nor the JRE_HOME environment variable is defined" 
    echo "At least one of these environment variable is needed to run this program" 
    exit 1 
  fi 
fi 
if [ -z "$JAVA_HOME" -a "$1" = "debug" ]; then 
  echo "JAVA_HOME should point to a JDK in order to run in debug mode." 
  exit 1 
fi 
if [ -z "$JRE_HOME" ]; then 
  JRE_HOME="$JAVA_HOME" 
fi 

# If we're running under jdb, we need a full jdk. 
if [ "$1" = "debug" -o "$1" = "javac" ] ; then 
  if [ "$os400" = "true" ]; then 
    if [ ! -x "$JAVA_HOME"/bin/java -o ! -x "$JAVA_HOME"/bin/javac ]; then 
      echo "The JAVA_HOME environment variable is not defined correctly" 
      echo "This environment variable is needed to run this program" 
      echo "NB: JAVA_HOME should point to a JDK not a JRE" 
      exit 1 
    fi 
  else 
    if [ ! -x "$JAVA_HOME"/bin/java -o ! -x "$JAVA_HOME"/bin/jdb -o ! -x "$JAVA_HOME"/bin/javac ]; then 
      echo "The JAVA_HOME environment variable is not defined correctly" 
      echo "This environment variable is needed to run this program" 
      echo "NB: JAVA_HOME should point to a JDK not a JRE" 
      exit 1 
    fi 
  fi 
fi 
if [ -z "$BASEDIR" ]; then 
  echo "The BASEDIR environment variable is not defined" 
  echo "This environment variable is needed to run this program" 
  exit 1 
fi 
if [ ! -x "$BASEDIR"/bin/setclasspath.sh ]; then 
  if $os400; then 
    # -x will Only work on the os400 if the files are: 
    # 1. owned by the user 
    # 2. owned by the PRIMARY group of the user 
    # this will not work if the user belongs in secondary groups 
    eval 
  else 
    echo "The BASEDIR environment variable is not defined correctly" 
    echo "This environment variable is needed to run this program" 
    exit 1 
  fi 
fi 

# Set the default -Djava.endorsed.dirs argument 
JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS="$BASEDIR"/endorsed 

# Set standard CLASSPATH 
if [ "$1" = "debug" -o "$1" = "javac" ] ; then 
  CLASSPATH="$JAVA_HOME"/lib/tools.jar 
fi 

# OSX hack to CLASSPATH 
JIKESPATH= 
if [ `uname -s` = "Darwin" ]; then 
  OSXHACK="/System/Library/Frameworks/JavaVM.framework/Versions/CurrentJDK/Classes" 
  if [ -d "$OSXHACK" ]; then 
    for i in "$OSXHACK"/*.jar; do 
      JIKESPATH="$JIKESPATH":"$i" 
    done 
  fi 
fi 

# Set standard commands for invoking Java. 
  _RUNJAVA="$JRE_HOME"/bin/java 
if [ "$os400" != "true" ]; then 
  _RUNJDB="$JAVA_HOME"/bin/jdb 
fi 
_RUNJAVAC="$JAVA_HOME"/bin/javac

<think>嗯,用户需要解决Tomcat启动JAVA_HOME和JRE_HOME环境变量未定义的问题。根据之前的引用内容,这个问题很常见,症状是Tomcat启动闪退或报错,核心原因是系统没有正确配置Java环境变量。用户可能是在Windows环境下遇到的这个问题,因为引用里提到解压即用的免安装版和命令行运行报错,很典型的Windows场景。用户应该有一定的技术基础,能操作环境变量但不熟悉Java环境配置细节,属于开发运维新手。从技术角度看,需要排查四个关键点:Java安装路径是否含空格、环境变量名的大小写敏感问题、CATALINA_HOME配置必要性、以及Tomcat脚本检查逻辑。引用[2]特别指出JRE_HOME不是必须的,如果JAVA_HOME设置正确就能跳过这个错误。解决方法要分层说明:基础步骤是检查JAVA_HOME指向jdk路径;进阶方案涉及到catalina.bat脚本的修改;特别注意事项包含路径特殊字符处理和Tomcat版本兼容性。最后补充的setenv.bat创建方法Tomcat官方推荐的灵活配置方案。考虑到用户后续可能继续部署web应用,相关建议延伸到了server.xml配置,这个在引用[3]也有提及,虽然当前问题不直接相关,但能防止用户下一步踩坑。应该把关键步骤放在最前面,配置检测和截图提示能有效降低操作难度。</think> 针对Tomcat报错**"Neither the JAVA_HOME nor the JRE_HOME environment variable is defined"** 的问题,以下是解决方案,按操作步骤排列: --- ### **原因分析** Tomcat启动脚本要求明确指向Java安装路径。若未正确配置以下任一变量,则启动失败: - `JAVA_HOME`:JDK安装路径(开发必须) - `JRE_HOME`:JRE安装路径(运行环境备用) --- ### **解决方案(Windows/Linux通用逻辑)** #### **1. 确认Java安装状态** - 执行命令检查Java版本: ```bash java -version ``` - 若提示命令不存在,需先[安装Java](https://www.oracle.com/java/technologies/downloads/) #### **2. 配置环境变量** > *关键:路径需精确到包含`bin`的上级目录* - **Windows操作**: 1. 右键 `此电脑` → `属性` → `高级系统设置` → `环境变量` 2. **新建系统变量**: - 变量名:`JAVA_HOME` - 变量值:`C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_301`(*替换为你的JDK路径*) 3. **添加Path变量**(若尚未配置): - 在`Path`中新增条目:`%JAVA_HOME%\bin` 4. *可选*:若需单独配置JRE,重复步骤2创建`JRE_HOME` - **Linux/macOS操作**: ```bash # 在~/.bashrc或~/.zshrc末尾添加(以JDK 8为例) export JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-openjdk-amd64 export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH # 生效配置 source ~/.bashrc ``` #### **3. 验证环境变量** - Windows: ```cmd echo %JAVA_HOME% ``` - Linux/macOS: ```bash echo $JAVA_HOME ``` - 均应返回**JDK安装路径**(如`C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_301`) #### **4. 针对Tomcat的特例处理** 若环境变量已正确配置仍报错,**手动指定路径**: - 编辑Tomcat目录下 `bin/setenv.bat`(Windows)或 `bin/setenv.sh`(Linux): ```bash # Linux/macOS(setenv.sh) export JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-openjdk-amd64 export JRE_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-openjdk-amd64/jre ``` ```batch :: Windows(setenv.bat) set "JAVA_HOME=C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_301" set "JRE_HOME=C:\Program Files\Java\jre1.8.0_301" ``` > ⚠️ 注:若文件不存在则新建 #### **5. 启动Tomcat验证** - 命令行进入 `tomcat/bin/` 目录: ```bash # Linux/macOS ./catalina.sh run ``` ```batch :: Windows catalina.bat run ``` - 若显示 `Server startup in [xxxx] ms` 即成功 --- ### **常见问题排查** | 现象 | 解决方案 | |---------------------|---------------------------------| | 路径含空格 | 用双引号包裹变量值:`set "JAVA_HOME=C:\Program Files\Java\..."` | | 路径拼写错误 | 检查`Program Files`还是`Progra~1`(避免简写) | | 多版本Java冲突 | 删除冗余版本,确保`Path`中仅有当前JDK的`bin`路径 | | 32/64位版本不匹配 | 确保JAVA_HOMETomcat架构一致(均为32位或64位) | --- ### **引用说明** - 环境变量未定义报错原因参见引用[1][^1][^2] - 路径配置逻辑参考Tomcat官方文档[^3] - server.xml修改属应用部署步骤,与此问题无关(引用[3]仅作扩展参考)[^3] --- **扩展问题建议**: 1. 如何配置Tomcat多实例共享JDK? 2. Tomcat启动闪退如何捕获详细日志? 3. 为什么需要JAVA_HOME而非仅Path中的Java路径?
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