django中urls的用法
-
url格式
URL解释:
schema://host[:port#]/path/.../[?query-string][#anchor]
schema:指定使用的协议(例如:http,https, ftp)
host:Http服务器的IP地址或者域名
port:端口号,http默认是80端口
path:访问资源的路径
query-string:发送给http服务器的数据
anchor:锚点
-
例子
注意:末尾的/是必须的,虽然浏览器会根据情况帮助自动添加/,但是不要以为不输入就等于不添加。
from django.conf.urls import url from django.contrib import admin from hello import views urlpatterns = [ url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls), url(r'^hello/$',views.hello), url(r'^books/$',views.books,name=“books”), ]
-
url函数的定义
Def url(regex, view, kwargs=None, name=None)
Regex: 传入的url要匹配的正则表达式
View:一个可调用的对象或一个url类型的列表或元组
Kwargs:关键字参数,必须是一个字典数组,可以通过这个参数传递更多的信息给view
Name:关键字参数,是一个字符串,用于给regex匹配的字符串取名字
-
url常用正则表达式
模式匹配示例: url(r‘books/python/$', views.books_python) # books/python url(r‘books/php/$', views.books_php) # books/php url(r‘books/([a-zA-Z0-9]*)/$', views.books) url(r‘books/([\S\s]*)/$', views.books) 参数传递示例: url(r‘books/\d{2}/$', views.books) # books/66 url(r‘books/(?P<id>\d{2})/$', views.books) #books/10 books(req,id=10) url(r‘books/(?P<id>\d{2})/(?P<ver>\w+) /$', views.books) #test/20/3 books(req,id=20,ver=3)
views的配置
访问:http://192.168.10.107:8000/hello/pytho111/
url(r'hello/([\S\s]*)/$', views.hello_books),
-
HttpResponse
#views.py from django.template import Template,Context def hello_books(request, bn): #step1 生成模板对象 t = Template(u'<h1><body>欢迎浏览{{books_name}}</body></h1>') #step2 生成上下文对象 c = Context({'books_name':bn}) #step3 渲染 html = t.render(c) #step4 回应 return HttpResponse(html)
-
get_template
[root@erhui1 hellodjango]# cat templates/hello_books.html <html> <body> <h1> 欢迎访问{{books_name}} </h1> </body> </html> #views.py from django.template.loader import get_template def hello_books(request, bn): t = get_template('hello_books.html') html = t.render({"books_name":bn}) return HttpResponse(html)
-
render_to_reponse
from django.shortcuts import render,render_to_response def hello_books(request, bn): return render_to_response('hello_books.html',{"books_name":bn})
-
render
def hello_books(request, bn): return render(request,'hello_books.html',{"books_name":bn})