本文代码转载自
《Servlet、JSP和Spring MVC初学指南》
会话管理的目的是记录用户访问的状态，
使得之前的Http访问状态可以被之后的应用直接使用， 状态的记录即通过请求传值被记录应用的过程，所以也可以看成 不同请求方式与不同的页面跳转形式的结合。 下面先分别针对GET\POST 给出通过URL重写及隐藏域的方法进行状态传送、 会话管理的实例。 URL重写的例子如下，就是简单的GET请求页面跳转
package main.ServletStudy; /** * Created by ehang on 2017/2/9. */ import java.io.IOException; import java.io.PrintWriter; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; @WebServlet( name = "Top10Servlet", urlPatterns = {"/top10"} ) public class Top10Servlet extends HttpServlet { private static final long serialVersionUID = 987654321L; private List<String> londonAttractions; private List<String> parisAttrictions; @Override public void init()throws ServletException{ londonAttractions = new ArrayList<String>(10); londonAttractions.add("Buckingham Palace"); londonAttractions.add("London Eye"); londonAttractions.add("British Museum"); londonAttractions.add("Notaional Gallery"); londonAttractions.add("Big Ben"); londonAttractions.add("Tower of London"); londonAttractions.add("Natural History Museum"); londonAttractions.add("Canary Wharf"); londonAttractions.add("2012 Olympic Park"); londonAttractions.add("St Paul's Cathedral"); parisAttrictions = new ArrayList<String>(10); parisAttrictions.add("Eiffel Tower"); parisAttrictions.add("Notre Dame"); parisAttrictions.add("The Louvre"); parisAttrictions.add("Champs Elysees"); parisAttrictions.add("Arc de Triomphe"); parisAttrictions.add("Sainte Chapelle Church"); parisAttrictions.add("Les Invalides"); parisAttrictions.add("Musee d'Orsay"); parisAttrictions.add("Montmarte"); parisAttrictions.add("Sacre Couer Basilica"); } @Override public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)throws IOException, ServletException{ String city = request.getParameter("city"); if(city!= null&&(city.equals("london")||city.equals("paris"))){ showAttractions(request, response, city); }else{ showMainPage(request, response); } } private void showMainPage(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)throws ServletException, IOException{ response.setContentType("text/html"); PrintWriter writer = response.getWriter(); writer.println("<html><head><title>Top 10 Tourist Attractions</title></head><body>" + "Please select a city:" + "<br/><a href = '?city=london'>London</a>" + "<br/><a href = '?city=paris'>Paris</a>" + "</body></html>"); } private void showAttractions(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, String city)throws ServletException, IOException{ int page = 1; String pageParameter = request.getParameter("page"); if(pageParameter!= null){ try{ page = Integer.parseInt(pageParameter); }catch(NumberFormatException e){ } if(page > 2){ page = 1; } } List<String> attractions = null; if(city.equals("london")){ attractions = londonAttractions; } else if(city.equals("paris")){ attractions = parisAttrictions; } response.setContentType("text/html"); PrintWriter writer = response.getWriter(); writer.println("<html><head><title>Top 10 Tourist Attraction</title></head><body>" + "<a href = 'top10'>Select City</a>"); writer.println("<hr/>Page " + page + "<hr/>"); int start = page * 5 - 5; for(int i = start;i < start + 5;i ++){ writer.println(attractions.get(i) + "</br>"); } writer.print("<hr style = 'color:blue'/><a href = '?city=" + city + "&page=1'>Page 1</a>"); writer.print(" <a href = '?city=" + city + "&page=2'>Page 2</.a>"); writer.println("</body></html>"); } }隐藏域的方式即是利用input（type = 'hidden''）的隐藏表单记录一个默认POST参数， 使得默认传值得以进行。（这种方法仅能应用于表单情形，因其需要input submit来提交请求） 下面是简单例子
package main.ServletStudy; /** * Created by ehang on 2017/2/9. */ public class Customer { private int id; private String name; private String city; public int getId(){ return id; } public void setId(int id){ this.id = id; } public String getName(){ return name; } public void setName(String name){ this.name = name; } public String getCity(){ return city; } public void setCity(String city){ this.city = city; } } import java.io.IOException; import java.io.PrintWriter; import java.net.HttpRetryException; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; @WebServlet( name = "CustomerServlet", urlPatterns = {"/customer", "/editCustomer", "/updateCustomer"} ) public class CustomerServlet extends HttpServlet { private static final long serialVersionUID = -20L; private List<Customer> customers = new ArrayList<Customer>(); @Override public void init() throws ServletException{ Customer customer1 = new Customer(); customer1.setId(1); customer1.setName("Donald D."); customer1.setCity("Miami"); customers.add(customer1); Customer customer2 = new Customer(); customer2.setId(2); customer2.setName("Mickey M."); customer2.setCity("Orlando"); customers.add(customer2); } private void sendCustomerList(HttpServletResponse response)throws IOException{ response.setContentType("text/html"); PrintWriter writer = response.getWriter(); writer.println("<html><head><title>Customers</title></head><body><h2>Customers</h2><ul>"); for(Customer customer: customers){ writer.println("<li>" + customer.getName() + "(" + customer.getCity() + ") (" + "<a href = 'editCustomer?id=" + customer.getId() + "'>edit</a>)"); } writer.println("</ul></body></html>"); } private Customer getCustomer(int customerId){ for(Customer customer: customers){ if (customer.getId() == customerId){ return customer; } } return null; } private void sendEditCustomerForm(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException{ response.setContentType("text/html"); PrintWriter writer = response.getWriter(); int customerId = 0; try{ customerId = Integer.parseInt(request.getParameter("id")); }catch(NumberFormatException e){ } Customer customer = getCustomer(customerId); if(customer != null){ writer.println("<html><head><title>Edit Customer</title></head><body><h2>Edit Customer</h2>" + "<form method = 'post' action = 'updateCustomer'>" + "<input type = 'hidden' name = 'id' value = '" + customerId + "'/>" + "<table>" + "<tr><td>Name:</td><td>" + "<input name = 'name' value = '" + customer.getName().replaceAll("'", "'") + "'/></td></tr>" + "<tr><td>City:</td><td>" + "<input name = 'city' value = '" + customer.getCity().replaceAll("'", "'") + "'/></td></tr>" + "<tr><td colspan = '2' style = 'text-align:right'>" + "<input type = 'submit' value = 'Update'></td></tr>" + "<tr><td colspan = '2'><a href = 'customer'>Customer List</a></td></tr>" + "</table></form></body></html>"); }else{ writer.println("No customer found"); } } @Override public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException{ String uri = request.getRequestURI(); if (uri.endsWith("/customer")){ sendCustomerList(response); }else if(uri.endsWith("/editCustomer")){ sendEditCustomerForm(request, response); } } @Override public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws HttpRetryException, IOException { int customerId = 0; try{ customerId = Integer.parseInt(request.getParameter("id")); }catch(NumberFormatException e){ } Customer customer = getCustomer(customerId); if (customer != null){ customer.setName(request.getParameter("name")); customer.setCity(request.getParameter("city")); } sendCustomerList(response); } }该例与之前的例子的不同是通过request.getRequestURI()来进行URI判断进行同一个Servlet的不同页面的访问处理。 html td标签 colspan指定宽度跨多少列。 URL重写及隐藏域的方法适用于较少的页面跳转。
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