Day4 旋转屏幕——现场保护与现场恢复

一、场景说明
首先，需要从Activity的生命周期说起：
1.当启动了一个Activity,显示到界面上时：执行
onCreate()
onStart()
onResume()
2.旋转屏幕
onpause()
onstop()
ondestory()
onCreate()
onStart()
onResume()
可以看到过程是先销毁当前活动，再重新创建。
引发的问题：
第一次创建的数据没有得到保存，如下图

二、解决方案分为：
**一、java代码解决方案
1.现场保护
在Activity中重写：protected void onSaveInstanceState(Bundle outState){
outState.putXXX(Key,Value);
}
XXX:待保存数据的数据类型
key：与保存数据对应的键
Value:待保存的数据
2.现场恢复方法一
1）在onCreate(final Bundle savedInstanceState)方法中，
if(savedInstanceState != null){
value = savedInstanceState.get(Key);
}
当第一次启动Activity时，可能没有要恢复的数据，这时候
savedInstanceState == null
所以，需要加上判断
3.现场恢复方法二、
@Override
protected void onRestoreInstanceState(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onRestoreInstanceState(savedInstanceState);
value = savedInstanceState.getXXX(Key);
}
上面现场恢复的方法都可以，一般我们使用第二种恢复方法。

二、XML修改解决方案
1）修改清单文件Androidmainfest.xml文件中
Activity标签的属性值：

**
三、实例演示：
解决方案一、修改java代码

代码：

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    private Button btn;
    private TextView tv_show;
    private int num = 100;
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(final Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        btn = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn1);
        tv_show = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.tv_show );
        tv_show.setText(num + "");
        //加血
        btn.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                num += 50;
                tv_show.setText(num + "");
            }
        });
    }
}

1.使用 onCreate() + onSaveInstanceState() 修改代码如下

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    private Button btn;
    private TextView tv_show;
    private int num = 100;
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(final Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        btn = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn1);
        tv_show = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.tv_show );
        if (savedInstanceState != null){

            num = savedInstanceState.getInt("num");
            tv_show.setText(num + "");
        }
        tv_show.setText(num + "");
        //加血
        btn.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                num += 50;
                tv_show.setText(num + "");
            }
        });


    }
保护现场方法一、
    @Override
    protected void onSaveInstanceState(Bundle outState) {
        super.onSaveInstanceState(outState);
        outState.putInt("num",num);
    }
}

2、使用 onSaveInstanceState(Bundle outState) + onRestoreInstanceState(Bundle savedInstanceState)

package com.yztc.day0703_wangnaipan_01;

import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.TextView;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    private Button btn;
    private TextView tv_show;
    private int num = 100;
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(final Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        btn = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn1);
        tv_show = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.tv_show );
//        if (savedInstanceState != null){
//
//            num = savedInstanceState.getInt("num");
//            tv_show.setText(num + "");
//        }
        tv_show.setText(num + "");
        //加血
        btn.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                num += 50;
                tv_show.setText(num + "");
            }
        });


    }
保护现场方法一、
    @Override
    protected void onSaveInstanceState(Bundle outState) {
        super.onSaveInstanceState(outState);
        outState.putInt("num",num);
    }
//恢复现场、不需要再做 ！= null的操作
    @Override
    protected void onRestoreInstanceState(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onRestoreInstanceState(savedInstanceState);
        num = savedInstanceState.getInt("num");
    }
}

解决方案二
实例演示：修改清单Androidmainfest.xml
java代码:

package com.yztc.day0703_wangnaipan_01;

import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.TextView;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    private Button btn;
    private TextView tv_show;
    private int num = 100;
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(final Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        btn = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn1);
        tv_show = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.tv_show );
        tv_show.setText(num + "");
        //加血
        btn.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                num += 50;
                tv_show.setText(num + "");
            }
        });


    }
}

第一种方法：
即在 当前 Activity 的标签中增加以下属性（使得旋转屏幕时不会执行Activity的生命周期方法）：

android:configChanges="orientation|keyboardHidden|screenSize">

需要注意的是：
sdk4.0之后orientation|keyboardHidden|screenSize，
sdk4.0之前orientation|keyboardHidden

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
          package="com.yztc.day0703_wangnaipan_01">

    <application
        android:allowBackup="true"
        android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
        android:label="@string/app_name"
        android:supportsRtl="true"
        android:theme="@style/AppTheme">
        <activity android:name=".MainActivity"
            **android:configChanges="orientation|keyboardHidden|screenSize">**
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN"/>

                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER"/>
            </intent-filter>
        </activity>
    </application>

</manifest>

第二种方法：设置 横屏 或 竖屏

  android:screenOrientation="landscape"

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
          package="com.yztc.day0703_wangnaipan_01">

    <application
        android:allowBackup="true"
        android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
        android:label="@string/app_name"
        android:supportsRtl="true"
        android:theme="@style/AppTheme">
        <activity android:name=".MainActivity"
            android:screenOrientation="landscape">
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN"/>

                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER"/>
            </intent-filter>
        </activity>
    </application>

</manifest>