汉诺塔问题是学习递归的入门问题,这里用C#简单实现了一个汉诺塔之间传递盘子的小程序
通过简单绘图实现盘子在几个塔之间的转换:
namespace 汉诺塔
{
//盘子类
class HanioItem
{
public int HanoiItemHeight { get; set; }//盘子的高度
public int HanoiItemWidth { get; set; }//盘子的宽度
public Point HanoiItemPoint { get; set; }//画盘子的起始点
}
}
namespace 汉诺塔
{
public partial class FrmShow : Form
{
List<HanioItem> HanioItemsA = new List<HanioItem>();//塔A中的盘子集合
List<HanioItem> HanioItemsB = new List<HanioItem>();//塔B中的盘子集合
List<HanioItem> HanioItemsC = new List<HanioItem>();//塔C中的盘子集合
Pen p;//画笔
Graphics hanioPicA;//塔A的画布
Graphics hanioPicB;//塔B的画布
Graphics hanioPicC;//塔C的画布
int tag;//盘子个数
public FrmShow()
{
InitializeComponent();
}
/// <summary>
/// 初始化3个PictureBox画布
/// </summary>
public void InitialTools()
{
p = new Pen(Color.Black);
hanioPicA = HanoiPicA.CreateGraphics();
hanioPicB = HanoiPicB.CreateGraphics();
hanioPicC = HanoiPicC.CreateGraphics();
}
public void InitialGraphics()
{
int HanioItemHeight = 15;//塔中盘子的高度
int HanioStartItemWidth = 90;//第一个盘子的宽
Point HanioStartItemP = new Point(15, 135);//第一个盘子起始点
InitialTools();
tag = Convert.ToInt16(this.Tag.ToString());
HanioItemsA.Clear();
HanioItemsB.Clear();
HanioItemsC.Clear();
//初始化塔A上的盘子
int diffrence = (90 - 30) / tag;//两个盘子之间宽度之差
for (int i = 1; i <= tag; i++)
{
HanioItem item = new HanioItem();
item.HanoiItemWidth = HanioStartItemWidth;
item.HanoiItemHeight = HanioItemHeight;
item.HanoiItemPoint = HanioStartItemP;
HanioItemsA.Add(item);
HanioStartItemWidth -= diffrence;
HanioStartItemP.X += diffrence / 2;
}
//为汉诺塔画盘子
ShowHanoiGraphics();
}
/// <summary>
/// 画3个塔中的盘子
/// </summary>
private void ShowHanoiGraphics()
{
hanioPicA.Clear(this.BackColor);
hanioPicB.Clear(this.BackColor);
hanioPicC.Clear(this.BackColor);
//为汉诺塔A画初始线条
hanioPicA.DrawLine(p, 0, 150, 120, 150);
hanioPicA.DrawLine(p, 60, 0, 60, 150);
//为汉诺塔B画初始线条
hanioPicB.DrawLine(p, 0, 150, 120, 150);
hanioPicB.DrawLine(p, 60, 0, 60, 150);
//为汉诺塔C画初始线条
hanioPicC.DrawLine(p, 0, 150, 120, 150);
hanioPicC.DrawLine(p, 60, 0, 60, 150);
//画A塔的盘子
for (int i = 0; i < HanioItemsA.Count; i++)
{
hanioPicA.DrawRectangle(p, HanioItemsA[i].HanoiItemPoint.X, HanioItemsA[i].HanoiItemPoint.Y - i * 15, HanioItemsA[i].HanoiItemWidth, HanioItemsA[i].HanoiItemHeight);
}
//画B塔的盘子
for (int i = 0; i < HanioItemsB.Count; i++)
{
hanioPicB.DrawRectangle(p, HanioItemsB[i].HanoiItemPoint.X, HanioItemsB[i].HanoiItemPoint.Y - i * 15, HanioItemsB[i].HanoiItemWidth, HanioItemsB[i].HanoiItemHeight);
}
//画C塔的盘子
for (int i = 0; i < HanioItemsC.Count; i++)
{
hanioPicC.DrawRectangle(p, HanioItemsC[i].HanoiItemPoint.X, HanioItemsC[i].HanoiItemPoint.Y - i * 15, HanioItemsC[i].HanoiItemWidth, HanioItemsC[i].HanoiItemHeight);
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 汉诺塔核心递归函数
/// </summary>
/// <param name="n">盘子个数</param>
/// <param name="A">塔A</param>
/// <param name="B">塔B</param>
/// <param name="C">塔C</param>
private void Hanio(int n, List<HanioItem> A, List<HanioItem> B, List<HanioItem> C)
{
if (n == 1)
{
HanioMove(A, C);
}
else
{
Hanio(n - 1, A, C, B);
HanioMove(A, C);
Hanio(n-1,B,A,C);
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 盘子移动画图实现
/// </summary>
private void HanioMove(List<HanioItem> X, List<HanioItem> Y)
{
HanioItem item = new HanioItem();
item = X[X.Count-1];
X.Remove(item);//塔X移除一个盘子
Y.Add(item); //塔Y添加一个盘子
ShowHanoiGraphics();
System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(1000);
}
private void btnOK_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
Hanio(tag, HanioItemsA, HanioItemsB, HanioItemsC);
}
private void FrmShow_Paint(object sender, PaintEventArgs e)
{
InitialGraphics();
}
}
}