Linux下使用inotify实现文件监控

1、需求

工程中需要对某个文件夹下的文件进行监控，文件、目录发生变化后需要进行处理；

普通的方法是通过循环不停遍历文件夹，但文件数量较多时，将导致判定时间较长，并且无法区分文件使用正在使用；

万幸是Linux2.6后提供了一种inotify 对文件系统进行监控，通过触发的方式告诉你文件的变化，从而代替以往循环遍历的方式；

2、接口

2.1 接口说明

1） int inotify_init(void);

创建 inotify 实例，该接口返回一个文件描述符，失败返回-1，跟socket一样，可以通过errno获取错误类型；

DESCRIPTION
       inotify_init()  initializes a new inotify instance and returns a file descriptor associated with a new inotify
       event queue.

       If flags is 0, then inotify_init1() is the same as inotify_init().  The following values can be  bitwise  ORed
       in flags to obtain different behavior:

       IN_NONBLOCK Set the O_NONBLOCK file status flag on the new open file description.  Using this flag saves extra
                   calls to fcntl(2) to achieve the same result.

       IN_CLOEXEC  Set the close-on-exec (FD_CLOEXEC) flag on the new file descriptor.  See the  description  of  the
                   O_CLOEXEC flag in open(2) for reasons why this may be useful.

RETURN VALUE
       On  success,  these  system calls return a new file descriptor.  On error, -1 is returned, and errno is set to
       indicate the error.

2）int inotify_add_watch(int fd, const char *pathname, uint32_t mask);

加入需要监控的目录到 inotify 实例，并设置监控类型 mask；成功后返回该目录的Watch file descriptor，后续用于在事件中进行辨识；

DESCRIPTION
       inotify_add_watch()  adds a new watch, or modifies an existing watch, for the file whose location is specified
       in pathname; the caller must have read permission for this file.  The fd argument is a file descriptor  refer-
       ring  to the inotify instance whose watch list is to be modified.  The events to be monitored for pathname are
       specified in the mask bit-mask argument.  See inotify(7) for a description of the bits  that  can  be  set  in
       mask.

       A successful call to inotify_add_watch() returns the unique watch descriptor associated with pathname for this
       inotify instance.  If pathname was not previously being watched by  this  inotify  instance,  then