information hiding & encapsulation DEMO

#quote from MIT 'introduction to computation and programming using python, Revised'
import datetime

class Person(object):
    
    def __init__(self, name):
        """Create a person"""
        self.name = name
        try:
            lastBlank = name.rindex(' ')
            self.lastName = name[lastBlank+1:]
        except:
            self.lastName = name
        self.birthday = None
        
    def getName(self):
        """Returns self's full name"""
        return self.name
        
    def getLastName(self):
        """Returns self's last name"""
        return self.lastName
        
    def setBirthday(self, birthdate):
        """Assumes birthdate is of type datetime.date
           Sets self's birthday to birthdate"""
        self.birthday = birthdate
        
    def getAge(self):
        """Return self's current age in days"""
        if self.birthday == None:
            raise ValueError
        return (datetime.date.today() - self.birthday).days
        
    def __lt__(self, other):
        """Returns True if self's name is lexicographically
           less than other's name, and False otherwise"""
        if self.lastName == other.lastName:
            return self.name < other.name
        return self.lastName < other.lastName
        
    def __str__(self):
        """Returns self's name"""
        return self.name
        
class MITPerson(Person):
    nextIdNum = 0 #identification number
    
    def __init__(self, name):
        Person.__init__(self, name)
        self.idNum = MITPerson.nextIdNum
        MITPerson.nextIdNum += 1
        
    def getIdNum(self):
        return self.idNum
        
    def __lt__(self, other):
        return self.idNum < other.idNum
        
        
class Student(MITPerson):
    pass
    
class UG(Student):
    def __init__(self, name, classYear):
        MITPerson.__init__(self, name)
        self.year = classYear
    def getClass(self):
        return self.year
        
class Grad(Student):
    pass
    
class Grades(object):
    """A mapping from students to a list of grades"""
    def __init__(self):
        """Create empty grade book"""
        self.students = []
        self.grades = {}
        self.isSorted = True
        
    def addStudent(self, student):
        """Assumes: student is of type Student
           Add student to the grade book"""
        if student in self.students:
            raise ValueError('Duplicate student')
        self.students.append(student)
        self.grades[student.getIdNum()] = []
        self.isSorted = False
        
    def addGrade(self, student, grade):
        """Assumes: grade is a float
           Add grade to the list of grade for student"""
        try:
            self.grades[student.getIdNum()].append(grade)
        except:
            raise ValueError('Student not in mapping')
            
    def getGrades(self, student):
        """Return a list of grades for student"""
        try: #return copy of student's grades
            return self.grades[student.getIdNum()][:]
        except:
            raise ValueError('Student not in mapping')
            
    def getStudents(self):
        """Return a list of the students in the grade book"""
        if not self.isSorted:
            self.students.sort()
            self.isSorted = True
        return self.students[:] #return copy of list students  

clear

s1 = Student('Eric Xing')


s2 = Student('Robert Miller')


u = UG('Bill Gates', 3)


g = Grades()

g.addStudent(s1)


g.addStudent(s2)

for s in g.getStudents():
    print s
    
Eric Xing
Robert Miller
Bill Gates


for s in g.getStudents():
    print s.getIdNum()
    
3
4
5


g.addGrade(s1, 100)


g.addGrade(s2, 99)


g.addGrade(s1, 80)


g.addGrade(s2, 77)


g.addGrade(u, 67)


g.addGrade(u, 45)


g.addGrade(u, 30)


for s in g.getStudents():
    print g.getGrades(s)
    
[100, 80]
[99, 77]
[67, 45, 30]