使用智能指针解决多线程下 类的解析冲突问题
有这样一个场景
使用StockFactory记录Stock的信息 容器是map<string,smart_ptr>;
代码如下:
#include <functional>
#include <memory>
#include <string>
#include <map>
#include <assert.h>
#include <mutex>
using std::string;
class Stock
{
public:
Stock(const string& name)
: name_(name)
{
printf("Stock[%p] %s\n", this, name_.c_str());
}
~Stock()
{
printf("~Stock[%p] %s\n", this, name_.c_str());
}
const string& key() const { return name_; }
private:
string name_;
};
// questionable code
class StockFactory
{
public:
std::shared_ptr<Stock> get(const string& key)
{
std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mutex_);
std::shared_ptr<Stock>& pStock = stocks_[key];
if (!pStock)
{
pStock.reset(new Stock(key));
}
return pStock;
}
private:
std::mutex mutex_;
std::map<string, std::shared_ptr<Stock> > stocks_;
};
int main()
{
StockFactory sf1;
{
std::shared_ptr<Stock> s1 = sf1.get("stock1");
}
printf("s1 should destruct\n");
return 0;
}
cpp1
运行显示如下
Stock[007E8818] stock1
s1 should destruct
~Stock[007E8818] stock1
没有按照预想的进行析构
说明我们的map容器应该使用弱指针weak_ptr,否则就会出现STOCKFACTOR不析构,STOCK也不会析构的强引用
代码如下
#include <functional>
#include <memory>
#include <string>
#include <map>
#include <assert.h>
#include <mutex>
using std::string;
class Stock
{
public:
Stock(const string& name)
: name_(name)
{
printf("Stock[%p] %s\n", this, name_.c_str());
}
~Stock()
{
printf("~Stock[%p] %s\n", this, name_.c_str());
}
const string& key() const { return name_; }
private:
string name_;
};
// questionable code
class StockFactory
{
public:
std::shared_ptr<Stock> get(const string& key)
{
std::shared_ptr<Stock> pStock;
std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mutex_);
std::weak_ptr<Stock>& wkStock = stocks_[key];
pStock = wkStock.lock();
if (!pStock)
{
pStock.reset(new Stock(key));
wkStock = pStock;
}
return pStock;
}
private:
std::mutex mutex_;
std::map<string, std::weak_ptr<Stock> > stocks_;
};
int main()
{
StockFactory sf2;
{
std::shared_ptr<Stock> s1 = sf2.get("stock2");
}
printf("s1 should destruct\n");
return 0;
}
cpp2
运行显示如下
Stock[00468818] stock2
~Stock[00468818] stock2
s1 should destruct
运行情况与我们预想的情况一致 下面的问题就是我们使用的map容器中,当STOCK解析了,map却没有将其智能指针移除
所以在使用智能指针的时候我们要订制析构函数
// 11111.cpp : 定义控制台应用程序的入口点。
//
#include "stdafx.h"
#include <functional>
#include <memory>
#include <string>
#include <map>
#include <assert.h>
#include <mutex>
using std::string;
class Stock
{
public:
Stock(const string& name)
: name_(name)
{
printf("Stock[%p] %s\n", this, name_.c_str());
}
~Stock()
{
printf("~Stock[%p] %s\n", this, name_.c_str());
}
const string& key() const { return name_; }
private:
string name_;
};
class StockFactory
{
public:
std::shared_ptr<Stock> get(const string& key)
{
std::shared_ptr<Stock> pStock;
std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mutex_);
std::weak_ptr<Stock>& wkStock = stocks_[key];
pStock = wkStock.lock();
if (!pStock)
{
pStock.reset(new Stock(key),
std::bind(&StockFactory::deleteStock, this, std::placeholders::_1));
wkStock = pStock;
}
return pStock;
}
private:
void deleteStock(Stock* stock)
{
printf("deleteStock[%p]\n", stock);
if (stock)
{
std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mutex_);
stocks_.erase(stock->key());
}
delete stock; // sorry, I lied
}
std::mutex mutex_;
std::map<string, std::weak_ptr<Stock> > stocks_;
};
void testLongLifeFactory()
{
std::shared_ptr<StockFactory> factory(new StockFactory);
{
std::shared_ptr<Stock> stock = factory->get("NYSE:IBM");
std::shared_ptr<Stock> stock2 = factory->get("NYSE:IBM");
assert(stock == stock2);
// stock destructs here
}
// factory destructs here
}
void testShortLifeFactory()
{
std::shared_ptr<Stock> stock;
{
std::shared_ptr<StockFactory> factory(new StockFactory);
stock = factory->get("NYSE:IBM");
std::shared_ptr<Stock> stock2 = factory->get("NYSE:IBM");
assert(stock == stock2);
// factory destructs here
}
// stock destructs here
}
int main()
{
StockFactory sf3;
{
std::shared_ptr<Stock> s3 = sf3.get("stock3");
}
printf("s1 should destruct\n");
testLongLifeFactory();
testShortLifeFactory();//此处出错 因为我们BIND函数的时候使用的是this指针 而STOCK析构的时候 FACTORY早已不在
return 0;
}
解决办法视阅读回复量再决定是否继续
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