动态规划(2)：动态规划的三种形式

例：数字三角形（POJ 1163）

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The Triangle

Time Limit: 1000MS		Memory Limit: 10000K
Total Submissions: 45053		Accepted: 27208

Description

7
3   8
8   1   0
2   7   4   4
4   5   2   6   5

(Figure 1)

Figure 1 shows a number triangle. Write a program that calculates the highest sum of numbers passed on a route that starts at the top and ends somewhere on the base. Each step can go either diagonally down to the left or diagonally down to the right.

Input

Your program is to read from standard input. The first line contains one integer N: the number of rows in the triangle. The following N lines describe the data of the triangle. The number of rows in the triangle is > 1 but <= 100. The numbers in the triangle, all integers, are between 0 and 99.

Output

Your program is to write to standard output. The highest sum is written as an integer.

Sample Input

5
7
3 8
8 1 0 
2 7 4 4
4 5 2 6 5

Sample Output

30

Source

IOI 1994

基本思路

用二维数组存放数字三角形。

D( r, j) : 第r行第 j 个数字(r,j从1开始算)
MaxSum(r, j) : 从D(r,j)到底边的各条路径中，
最佳路径的数字之和。
问题：求 MaxSum(1,1)

典型的递归问题。
D(r, j)出发，下一步只能走D(r+1,j)或者D(r+1, j+1)。故对于N行的三角形：

if ( r == N)
    M