BIOS 中断呼叫

BIOS 中断呼叫

维基百科，自由的百科全书

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BIOS 中断呼叫是一组功能，提供DOS程式与一些软件（例如启动程式）去使用IBM_PC兼容机的BIOS的功能。一些操作系统在系统引导的时候也使用BIOS以检测并初始化硬件资源。

[编辑]中断调用

若要调用中断，可以使用X86汇编语言的INT指令。 例如，如下的x86汇编语言指令可以使用BIOS的0x10中断向屏幕打印一个字符。

mov ah, 0x0e
mov al, '!'
int 0x10

[编辑]BIOS中断向量表

中断	描述
INT 00h	CPU: 除零错,或商不合法时触发
INT 01h	CPU: 单步陷阱,TF标记为打开状态时,每条指令执行后触发
INT 02h	CPU: 非可屏蔽中断, 如 系统自举 时发生内存错误触发。
INT 03h	CPU: 第一个未定义的中断向量, 约定俗成仅用于调试程序
INT 04h	CPU: 算数溢出。通常由INTO指令在置溢出位时触发。
INT 05h	在按下Shift-PrintScreen或BOUND指令检测到范围异常时触发。
INT 06h	CPU: Called when the Undefined Opcode (invalid instruction) exception occurs. Usually installed by the operating system.
INT 07h	CPU: Called when an attempt was made to execute a floating-point instruction and no numeric coprocessor was available.
INT 08h	IRQ0: Implemented by the system timing component; called 18.2 times per second (once every 55 ms) by thePIC
INT 09h	IRQ1: Called after every key press and release (as well as during the time when a key is being held)
INT 0Ah	IRQ2:
INT 0Bh	IRQ3: Called by serial ports 2 and 4 (COM2/4) when in need of attention
INT 0Ch	IRQ4: Called by serial ports 1 and 3 (COM1/3) when in need of attention
INT 0Dh	IRQ5: Called by hard disk controller (PC/XT) or 2nd parallel port LPT2 (AT) when in need of attention
INT 0Eh	IRQ6: Called by floppy disk controller when in need of attention
INT 0Fh	IRQ7: Called by 1st parallel port LPT1 (printer) when in need of attention
INT 10h	显示服务 - 由BIOS或操作系统设定以供软件调用 AH=00h 设定显示模式 AH=01h 设定游标形态 AH=02h 设定游标位置 AH=03h 获取游标位置与形态 AH=04h 获取光笔位置 AH=05h 设定显示页 AH=06h 清除或卷轴画面(上) AH=07h 清除或卷轴画面(下) AH=08h 读取游标处字符与属性 AH=09h 更改游标处字符与属性 AH=0Ah 更改游标处字符 AH=0Bh 设定边界颜色 AH=0Eh 在TTY模式下写字符 AH=0Fh 取得目前显示模式 AH=13h 写字符串
INT 11h	Installed by the BIOS; returns equipment list
INT 12h	Installed by the BIOS or operating system; returns Conventional Memory Size
INT 13h	低阶磁盘服务; installed by the BIOS or operating system; called by software programs AH=00h Reset Disk Drives AH=01h Check Drive Status AH=02h Read Sectors From Drive AH=03h Write Sectors To Drive AH=04h Verifies Sectors On Drive AH=05h Format Track On Drive AH=08h Get Drive Parameters AH=09h Init Fixed Drive Parameters AH=0Ch Seek To Specified Track AH=0Dh Reset Fixed Disk Controller AH=15h Get Drive Type AH=16h Get Floppy Drive Media Change Status
INT 14h	Routines for communicating via the serial port. Used by software programs. AH=00h Serial Port Initialization AH=01h Transmit Character AH=02h Receive Character AH=03h Status
INT 15h	Miscellaneous (System services support routines) AH=4FH Keyboard Intercept AH=83H Event Wait AH=84H Read Joystick AH=85H Sysreq Key Callout AH=86H Wait AH=87H Move Block AH=88H Get Extended Memory Size AH=C0H Get System Parameters AH=C1H Get Extended BIOS Data Area Segment AH=C2H Pointing Device Functions AH=E8h, AL=01h (AX = E801h) Get Extended Memory Size(Newer function, since 1994). Gives results for memory size above 64 Mb. AH=E8h, AL=20h (AX = E820h) Query System Address Map. The information returned from e820 supersedes what is returned from the older AX=E801h and AH=88h interfaces.
INT 16h	Implemented by the BIOS or operating system. Provides routines to be called by software programs which communicate with the keyboard. AH=00h Read Character AH=01h Read Input Status AH=02h Read Keyboard Shift Status AH=10h Read Character Extended AH=11h Read Input Status Extended AH=12h Read Keyboard Shift Status Extended
INT 17h	Print Services - used by software programs to communicate with the printer AH=00h Print Character to Printer AH=01h Initialize Printer AH=02h Check Printer Status
INT 18h	Execute Cassette BASIC: True IBM computers contain BASIC in the ROM to be interpreted and executed by this routine in the event of a boot failure (called by the BIOS)
INT 19h	After POST this interrupt is used by BIOS to load the operating system.
INT 1Ah	即时的时钟（RTC）服务 - called by software programs to communicate with the RTC AH=00h 读取 RTC AH=01h 设定 RTC AH=02h 读取 RTC 时间 AH=03h 设定 RTC 时间 AH=04h 读取 RTC 日期 AH=05h 设定 RTC 日期 AH=06h 设定 RTC Alarm AH=07h Reset RTC Alarm
INT 1Bh	Installed by the operating system; automatically called by INT 9 when Ctrl-Break has been pressed
INT 1Ch	Called automatically by INT 08; available for use by software programs when a routine needs to be executed regularly
INT 1Dh	Not to be called; simply a pointer to the VPT (Video Parameter Table), which contains data on video modes
INT 1Eh	Not to be called; simply a pointer to the DPT (Diskette Parameter Table), containing a variety of information concerning the diskette drives
INT 1Fh	Not to be called; simply a pointer to the VGCT (Video Graphics Character Table), which contains the data for ASCII characters 80h to FFh
INT 41h	Address pointer: FDPT = Fixed Disk Parameter Table (1st hard drive)
INT 46h	Address pointer: FDPT = Fixed Disk Parameter Table (2nd hard drive)
INT 4Ah	Called by RTC for alarm
INT 70h	IRQ8: 由 RTC 呼叫
INT 74h	IRQ12: 由鼠标呼叫
INT 75h	IRQ13: Called by math coprocessor
INT 76h	IRQ14: 由第一个 IDE 控制器所呼叫
INT 77h	IRQ15: 由第二个 IDE 控制器所呼叫

[编辑]相关

• Interrupt
• Interrupt descriptor table
• INT 13
• Input/Output Base Address
• Ralf Brown's Interrupt List

[编辑]外部链接

• Embedded BIOS User’s Manual
• http://www.missl.cs.umd.edu/winint/index1.html
• http://hdebruijn.soo.dto.tudelft.nl/newpage/interupt/out-0100.htm
• Turbo Pascal examples for reading sectors
• HTML version of Ralf Brown Interrupt List