最近没事在看Spring framework的参考文档,对部分有疑问的地方写些简单的demo测试一下。
以下是一个例子测试使用@Bean注解配置不同Scope的Bean注入时的效果是否与XML配置时一致。
1.首先写一个Bean的配置类,在singleton的MyService中注入prototype的MyMode类。这里使用接口为了能自由选择JDK动态代理或CGLIB
Mode接口
package com.bean;
public interface IMode {
public void print();
}
package com.bean;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
public class MyMode implements IMode {
private static AtomicInteger i = new AtomicInteger(0);
private int value;
public MyMode() {
System.out.println("MyMode constructor call");
this.value = i.incrementAndGet();
}
public void print() {
System.out.println("MyMode print called");
System.out.println(value);
}
}
package com.bean;
public interface IService {
public IMode getMode();
}
Service实现
package com.bean;
public class MyService implements IService{
private IMode mode;
public MyService() {
}
public MyService(IMode mode) {
this.mode = mode;
}
public IMode getMode() {
return mode;
}
public String toString() {
if(mode==null){
return "none mode in service";
}
return "bingo";
}
}
package com;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.BeanDefinition;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Scope;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ScopedProxyMode;
import com.bean.IMode;
import com.bean.MyMode;
import com.bean.MyService;
@Configuration("test")
public class TestBeanConfigration {
@Bean
public IService myService(){
return new MyService(myMode());
}
@Bean
@Scope(value=BeanDefinition.SCOPE_PROTOTYPE)
public IMode myMode(){
return new MyMode();
}
}
2、以下是Spring Boot的启动类,以及一个简单的Web Controller,修改自
Getting Started Building a RESTful Web Service
package com;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
@SpringBootApplication
public class Application {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args);
}
}
package com;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicLong;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import com.bean.IService;
import com.bean.MyMode;
import com.bean.IMode;
@RestController
public class GreetingController {
private static final String template = "Hello, %s!";
private final AtomicLong counter = new AtomicLong();
@Autowired
private IService myService;
@Autowired
private IMode mode;
@RequestMapping("/greeting")
public Greeting greeting(
@RequestParam(value = "name", defaultValue = "World") String name) {
System.out.println(myService.toString());
System.out.println(mode == myService.getMode());
mode.print();
mode.print();
myService.getMode().print();
myService.getMode().print();
return new Greeting(counter.incrementAndGet(), String.format(template,
name));
}
private static class Greeting {
private final long id;
private final String content;
public Greeting(long id, String content) {
this.id = id;
this.content = content;
}
public long getId() {
return id;
}
public String getContent() {
return content;
}
}
}
会发现在启动的时候,控制台输出两次:MyMode constructor call。原因有两个Singleton的Bean(MyService和GreetingController)分别注入了MyMode实例,而Singleton默认在启动时实例化,因此必须同时实例化其依赖对象。
在浏览器中输入链接调用greeting方法。输出:
bingo
false
MyMode print call2
MyMode print call2
MyMode print call1
MyMode print call1
这样就违背了初衷,既然是prototype类型的Bean,当然就是希望在每次取时都是不同对象。
在XML配置中需要在MyMode的<Bean>标签中加入子标签<aop:scoped-proxy/>启用代理类,它的默认策略该Bean对应的类存在接口则使用JDK动态代理,否则使用CGLIB。当然也可以用proxy-target-class属性强制指定。
在注解的配置中则是使用@Scope的proxyMode属性,与XML不同地方是这里必须指定代理策略 如果选用Default则默认使用@ComponentScan的代理策略。
4、因此在配置MyMode为@Scope(value=BeanDefinition.SCOPE_PROTOTYPE,proxyMode=ScopedProxyMode.INTERFACES)
再次启动,启动时没有出现MyMode constructor call,说明没有调用MyMode的构造方法。那MyService和GreetingController引用的IMode是什么?
后面再说,调用greeting方法,输出:
bingo
true
MyMode constructor call
MyMode print call1
MyMode constructor call
MyMode print call2
MyMode constructor call
MyMode print call3
MyMode constructor call
MyMode print call4
从上面结果可以看出,MyService和GreetingController引用是一个代理对象,而且是同一个,这个代理对象是singleton的。而每次IMode的方法调用,代理对象都重新生成一个源对象再调用源对象的方法。
5、将MyMode的Scope改为@Scope(value=WebApplicationContext.SCOPE_REQUEST,proxyMode=ScopedProxyMode.INTERFACES)
在重新启动并调用两次,得到结果:
bingotrueMyMode constructor callMyMode print call1MyMode print call1MyMode print call1MyMode print call1
bingotrueMyMode constructor callMyMode print call2MyMode print call2MyMode print call2MyMode print call2
每次request请求一个MyMode实例。
接下来对比XML配置时的运行结果,做一些修改
1、修改Bean配置类,引入XML配置
package com;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ImportResource;
@Configuration("test")
@ImportResource("classpath:applicationContext.xml")
public class TestBeanConfigration {
//@Bean
// public IService myService(){
// return new MyService(myMode());
// }
//@Bean
//@Scope(value=WebApplicationContext.SCOPE_REQUEST,proxyMode=ScopedProxyMode.INTERFACES)
// public IMode myMode(){
// return new MyMode();
// }
//
}
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd">
<bean id="myService" class="com.bean.MyService" depends-on="myMode">
<constructor-arg ref="myMode" />
</bean>
<bean id="myMode" class="com.bean.MyMode" scope="prototype">
<aop:scoped-proxy/>
</bean>
</beans>
3、启动,一样没有调用MyMode的构造函数。
调用方法输出结果:
bingo
true
MyMode constructor call
MyMode print call
1
MyMode constructor call
MyMode print call
2
MyMode constructor call
MyMode print call
3
MyMode constructor call
MyMode print call
4
当然也可以试试其他Scope,得出结论与上面注解配置表现是一致的(想过去也是一致的,写个例子熟悉下配置)。