TSP问题的解法(java版)


import java.util.*;

import javax.swing.JOptionPane;

public class Tsp { 
 private int cityNum ;    //城市个数
 private int popSize = 50;    //种群数量
 private int maxgens = 10000;   //迭代次数
 private double pxover = 0.8;   //交叉概率
 private double pmultation = 0.05;  //变异概率
 private long[][] distance = new long[100][100];//城市的数量最好不要超过100个
 private int range = 2000;    //用于判断何时停止的数组区间
 
 private class genotype {
  int city[] = new int[cityNum];  //单个基因的城市序列
  long fitness;      //该基因的适应度
  double selectP;      //选择概率
  double exceptp;      //期望概率
  int isSelected;      //是否被选择
 }
 private genotype[] citys = new genotype[popSize];

 /**
  *  构造函数,初始化种群
  */
 public Tsp() {
  
  String s = JOptionPane.showInputDialog("请输入城市的个数:");     //由于最后要回到原来的城市,输入城市时最好多算一个
  cityNum = Integer.parseInt(s);
  
  for (int i = 0; i < popSize; i++) {
   citys[i] = new genotype();
   int[] num = new int[cityNum];
   for (int j = 0; j < cityNum; j++)
    num[j] = j;
   int temp = cityNum;
   for (int j = 0; j < cityNum; j++) {
    int r = (int) (Math.random() * temp);
    citys[i].city[j] = num[r];
    num[r] = num[temp - 1];
    temp--;
   }
   citys[i].fitness = 0;
   citys[i].selectP = 0;
   citys[i].exceptp = 0;
   citys[i].isSelected = 0;
  }
  initDistance();
 }
 
 /**
  *  计算每个种群每个基因个体的适应度,选择概率,期望概率,和是否被选择。
  */
 public void CalAll(){
  for( int i = 0; i< popSize; i++){
   citys[i].fitness = 0;
   citys[i].selectP = 0;
   citys[i].exceptp = 0;
   citys[i].isSelected = 0;
  }
  CalFitness();
  CalSelectP();
  CalExceptP();
  CalIsSelected();
 }

 /**
  *  填充,将多选的填充到未选的个体当中
  */
 public void pad(){
  int best = 0;
  int bad = 0;
  while(true){   
   while(citys[best].isSelected <= 1 && best<popSize-1)
    best ++;
   while(citys[bad].isSelected != 0 && bad<popSize-1)
    bad ++;
   for(int i = 0; i< cityNum; i++)
    citys[bad].city[i] = citys[best].city[i];
    citys[best].isSelected --;
    citys[bad].isSelected ++;
    bad ++; 
   if(best == popSize ||bad == popSize)
    break;
  }
 }
 
 /**
  *  交叉主体函数
  */
 public void crossover() {
  int x;
  int y;
  int pop = (int)(popSize* pxover /2);
  while(pop>0){
   x = (int)(Math.random()*popSize);
   y = (int)(Math.random()*popSize);
   
   executeCrossover(x,y);//x y 两个体执行交叉
   pop--;
  }
 }
 
 /**
  * 执行交叉函数
  * @param 个体x
  * @param 个体y
  * 对个体x和个体y执行佳点集的交叉,从而产生下一代城市序列
  */
 private void executeCrossover(int x,int y){
  int dimension = 0;
  for( int i = 0 ;i < cityNum; i++)
   if(citys[x].city[i] != citys[y].city[i]){
    dimension ++;
   } 
  int diffItem = 0;
  double[] diff = new double[dimension];

  for( int i = 0 ;i < cityNum; i++){
   if(citys[x].city[i] != citys[y].city[i]){
    diff[diffItem] = citys[x].city[i];
    citys[x].city[i] = -1;
    citys[y].city[i] = -1;
    diffItem ++;
   } 
  }
 
  Arrays.sort(diff);

  double[] temp = new double[dimension];
  temp = gp(x, dimension);

  for( int k = 0; k< dimension;k++)
   for( int j = 0; j< dimension; j++)
    if(temp[j] == k){
     double item = temp[k];
     temp[k] = temp[j];
     temp[j] = item;
     
     item = diff[k];
     diff[k] = diff[j];
     diff[j] = item; 
    }
  int tempDimension = dimension;
  int tempi = 0;

  while(tempDimension> 0 ){
   if(citys[x].city[tempi] == -1){
    citys[x].city[tempi] = (int)diff[dimension - tempDimension];
    
    tempDimension --;
   } 
   tempi ++;
  }

  Arrays.sort(diff);

  temp = gp(y, dimension);

  for( int k = 0; k< dimension;k++)
   for( int j = 0; j< dimension; j++)
    if(temp[j] == k){
     double item = temp[k];
     temp[k] = temp[j];
     temp[j] = item;
     
     item = diff[k];
     diff[k] = diff[j];
     diff[j] = item; 
    }

  tempDimension = dimension;
  tempi = 0;

  while(tempDimension> 0 ){
   if(citys[y].city[tempi] == -1){
    citys[y].city[tempi] = (int)diff[dimension - tempDimension];
    
    tempDimension --;
   } 
   tempi ++;
  }

 }
 
 /**
  * @param individual 个体
  * @param dimension   维数
  * @return 佳点集 (用于交叉函数的交叉点) 在executeCrossover()函数中使用
  */
 private double[] gp(int individual, int dimension){
  double[] temp = new double[dimension];
  double[] temp1 = new double[dimension];
  int p = 2 * dimension + 3;

  while(!isSushu(p))
   p++;

  for( int i = 0; i< dimension; i++){
   temp[i] = 2*Math.cos(2*Math.PI*(i+1)/p) * (individual+1);
   temp[i] = temp[i] - (int)temp[i];
   if( temp [i]< 0)
    temp[i] = 1+temp[i];

  }
  for( int i = 0; i< dimension; i++)
   temp1[i] = temp[i];
  Arrays.sort(temp1); 
  //排序
  for( int i = 0; i< dimension; i++)
   for( int j = 0; j< dimension; j++)
    if(temp[j]==temp1[i])
     temp[j] = i; 
  return temp;
 }
 
 
 /**
  *  变异
  */
 public void mutate(){
  double random;
  int temp;
  int temp1;
  int temp2;
  for( int i = 0 ; i< popSize; i++){
   random = Math.random();
   if(random<=pmultation){
    temp1 = (int)(Math.random() * (cityNum));
    temp2 = (int)(Math.random() * (cityNum));
    temp = citys[i].city[temp1];
    citys[i].city[temp1] = citys[i].city[temp2];
    citys[i].city[temp2] = temp;

   }
  }  
 }
 
 /**
  * 打印当前代数的所有城市序列,以及其相关的参数
  */
/* public void print(){
  for (int i = 0; i < popSize; i++) {
   System.out.print("第 "+ i+"个体:");
   for (int j = 0; j < cityNum; j++)
    System.out.print(citys[i].city[j] + "  ");
    System.out.println(" 适应度:" + citys[i].fitness + " 选择概率:"
     + citys[i].selectP +" 期望概率:"+citys[i].exceptp+ " 是否被选择:" + citys[i].isSelected);
  }
  
  for (int i = 0; i < cityNum; i++) {
   for (int j = 0; j < cityNum; j++){
    System.out.print(distance[i][j]+" ");
   }
   System.out.println();
  }
 }*/

 
// private
 /**
  * 初始化各城市之间的距离
  */
 private void initDistance(){
  for(int i = 0; i < cityNum; i++ ) {       //为了输入的更快当 i = j 时自动的赋值为0     
   distance[i][i] = 0;
  }
  for (int i = 0; i < cityNum ; i++) {           //由于二维数组的存储是对称的可以用压缩存储的方法初始化
   for (int j = i + 1; j < cityNum; j++){
     String s1 = JOptionPane.showInputDialog("请输入第"+ i +"城市到第"+ j +"城市之间的距离");
     distance[i][j] = Integer.parseInt(s1);
     distance[j][i] = distance[i][j];
    
   }
  }
 }
 
 /**
  * 计算所有城市序列的适应度
  */
 private void CalFitness() {
  for (int i = 0; i < popSize; i++) {
   for (int j = 0; j < cityNum - 1; j++)
    citys[i].fitness += distance[citys[i].city[j]][citys[i].city[j + 1]];
   citys[i].fitness += distance[citys[i].city[0]][citys[i].city[cityNum - 1]];
  }
 }
 
 /**
  * 计算选择概率
  */
 private void CalSelectP(){
  long sum = 0;
  for( int i = 0; i< popSize; i++)
   sum += citys[i].fitness;
  for( int i = 0; i< popSize; i++)
   citys[i].selectP = (double)citys[i].fitness/sum;

 }
 
 /**
  * 计算期望概率
  */
 private void CalExceptP(){
  for( int i = 0; i< popSize; i++)
   citys[i].exceptp = (double)citys[i].selectP * popSize;
 }
 
 /**
  * 计算该城市序列是否较优,较优则被选择,进入下一代
  */
 private void CalIsSelected(){
  int needSelecte = popSize;
  for( int i = 0; i< popSize; i++)
   if( citys[i].exceptp<1){
    citys[i].isSelected++;
    needSelecte --;
   }
  double[] temp = new double[popSize];
  for (int i = 0; i < popSize; i++) {
   temp[i] = citys[i].exceptp*10;
  }
  int j = 0;
  while (needSelecte != 0) {
   for (int i = 0; i < popSize; i++) {
    if ((int) temp[i] == j) {
     citys[i].isSelected++;
     needSelecte--;
     if (needSelecte == 0)
      break;
    }
   }
   j++;
  }
  
 }
 
 /**
  * @param x
  * @return 判断一个数是否是素数的函数
  */
 private boolean isSushu( int x){
     if(x<2) return false;
     for(int i=2;i<=x/2;i++)
     if(x%i==0&&x!=2) return false;

     return true;
  }
 
 /**
  * @param x 数组
  * @return x数组的值是否全部相等,相等则表示x.length代的最优结果相同,则算法结束
  */
 private boolean isSame(long[] x){
  for( int i = 0; i< x.length -1; i++)
   if(x[i] !=x[i+1])
    return false;
  return true;
 }
 
 /**
  * 打印任意代最优的路径序列
  */
 private void printBestRoute(){
  CalAll();
  long temp = citys[0].fitness;
  int index = 0;
  for (int i = 1; i < popSize; i++) {
   if(citys[i].fitness<temp){
    temp = citys[i].fitness;
    index = i;
   }
  }
  System.out.println();
  System.out.println("最佳路径的序列:");
  for (int j = 0; j < cityNum; j++)
   System.out.print(citys[index].city[j] + "  ");
  System.out.println();
 }
 
 /**
  * 算法执行
  */
 public void run(){
  long[] result = new long[range];
  //result初始化为所有的数字都不相等
  for( int i  = 0; i< range; i++)
   result[i] = i;
  int index = 0;  //数组中的位置
  int num = 1;  //第num代
  while(maxgens>0){
   System.out.println("-----------------  第  "+num+" 代  -------------------------");
   CalAll();
   //print();
   pad();
   crossover();
   mutate();
   maxgens --;
   long temp = citys[0].fitness;
   for ( int i = 1; i< popSize; i++)
    if(citys[i].fitness<temp){
     temp = citys[i].fitness;
    }
   System.out.println("最优的解:"+temp);
   result[index] = temp;
   if(isSame(result))
    break;
   index++;
   if(index==range)
    index = 0;
   num++;
  }
  printBestRoute();
 }
 
 /**
  * @param a 开始时间
  * @param b  结束时间
  */
 public void CalTime(Calendar a,Calendar b){
  long x = b.getTimeInMillis() - a.getTimeInMillis();
  long y = x/1000;
  x = x - 1000*y;
  System.out.println("算法执行时间:"+y+"."+x+" 秒");
 }
 
 /**
  *    程序入口
  */
 public static void main(String[] args) {
  
  Calendar a = Calendar.getInstance(); //开始时间
  Tsp tsp = new Tsp();
  tsp.run();
  Calendar b = Calendar.getInstance(); //结束时间
  tsp.CalTime(a, b);
  
 }
}

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