Hive分析窗口函数

最新推荐文章于 2024-02-11 16:48:58 发布
最新推荐文章于 2024-02-11 16:48:58 发布
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分类专栏： hive 文章标签： hive

转载：http://lxw1234.com/archives/category/hive/page/4

hive分析窗口函数
OVER(PARTITION BY)函数

开窗函数指定了分析函数工作的数据窗口大小，这个数据窗口大小可能会随着行的变化而变化，举例如下：

over后的用法
over(order by salary)  按照salary排序进行累计，order by是个默认的开窗函数
over(partition by deptno)  按照部门分区
over(partition by deptno order by salary) 按照deptno分组和按照salary排序
开窗的窗口范围：

over（order by salary range between 5 preceding and 5 following）：窗口范围为当前行数据幅度减5加5后的范围内的。

--sum(s)over(order by s range between 2 preceding and 2 following) 表示加2或2的范围内的求和

select name,class,s, sum(s)over(order by s range between 2 
preceding and 2 following) mm from t2

查询结果：

adf        3        45        45  --45加2减2即43到47，但是s在这个范围内只有45
asdf       3        55        55
cfe        2        74        74
3dd        3        78        158 --78在76到80范围内有78，80，求和得158
fda        1        80        158
gds        2        92        92
ffd        1        95        190
dss        1        95        190
ddd        3        99        198
gf         3        99        198

over（order by salary rows between 5 preceding and 5 following）：窗口范围为当前行前后各移动5行。

--sum(s) over(order by s rows between 2 preceding and 2 following) 表示在上下两行之间的范围内

select name,class,s, sum(s)over(order by s rows between 2 
preceding and 2 following) mm from t2

查询结果：
adf        3        45        174  （45+55+74=174）
asdf       3        55        252   （45+55+74+78=252）
cfe        2        74        332    （74+55+45+78+80=332）
3dd        3        78        379    （78+74+55+80+92=379）
fda        1        80        419
gds        2        92        440
ffd        1        95        461
dss        1        95        480
ddd        3        99        388
gf         3        99        293

over（order by salary range between unbounded preceding and unbounded following）或者
over（order by salary rows between unbounded preceding and unbounded following）：窗口不做限制

Hive中提供了越来越多的分析函数，用于完成负责的统计分析

本文涉及的函数汇总

操作解释
SUM求和函数，结果和ORDER BY相关,默认为升序
AVG求平均数函数
MIN求最小值
MAX求最大值
NTILE用于将分组数据按照顺序切分成n片，返回当前切片值
ROW_NUMBERROW_NUMBER() –从1开始，按照顺序，生成分组内记录的序列
RANK生成数据项在分组中的排名，排名相等会在名次中留下空位
LOCK当出现并发的使用允许用户进行LOCK和UNLOCK操作
DENSE_RANK生成数据项在分组中的排名，排名相等会在名次中不会留下空位
CUME_DIST小于等于当前值的行数/分组内总行数
PERCENT_RANK分组内当前行的RANK值-1/分组内总行数-1
LAG用于统计窗口内往上第n行值
LEAD用于统计窗口内往下第n行值
FIRST_VALUE取分组内排序后，截止到当前行，第一个值
LAST_VALUE取分组内排序后，截止到当前行，最后一个值
GROUPING SETS在GROUP BY查询中，根据不同的维度组合进行聚合，等价于将不同维度的GROUP BY结果集进行UNION ALL
GROUPING_ID表示结果属于哪一个分组集合
CUBE根据GROUP BY的维度的所有组合进行聚合
ROLLUPCUBE的子集，以最左侧的维度为主，从该维度进行层级聚合

数据准备

CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE tmp(
cookieid string,
createtime string,   --day 
pv INT
) ROW FORMAT DELIMITED 
FIELDS TERMINATED BY ',' 
stored as textfile location '/tmp/lxw11/';

DESC lxw1234;
cookieid                STRING 
createtime              STRING 
pv INT 

hive> select * from tmp;
OK
cookie1 2015-04-10      1
cookie1 2015-04-11      5
cookie1 2015-04-12      7
cookie1 2015-04-13      3
cookie1 2015-04-14      2
cookie1 2015-04-15      4
cookie1 2015-04-16      4
SUM函数

sum为分组求和函数
SUM — 注意,结果和ORDER BY相关,默认为升序

SELECT cookieid,
createtime,
pv,
SUM(pv) OVER(PARTITION BY cookieid ORDER BY createtime) AS pv1, -- 默认为从起点到当前行
SUM(pv) OVER(PARTITION BY cookieid ORDER BY createtime ROWS BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND CURRENT ROW) AS pv2, --从起点到当前行，结果同pv1 
SUM(pv) OVER(PARTITION BY cookieid) AS pv3,                             --分组内所有行
SUM(pv) OVER(PARTITION BY cookieid ORDER BY createtime ROWS BETWEEN 3 PRECEDING AND CURRENT ROW) AS pv4,   --当前行+往前3行
SUM(pv) OVER(PARTITION BY cookieid ORDER BY createtime ROWS BETWEEN 3 PRECEDING AND 1 FOLLOWING) AS pv5,    --当前行+往前3行+往后1行
SUM(pv) OVER(PARTITION BY cookieid ORDER BY createtime ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING) AS pv6   ---当前行+往后所有行  
FROM tmp;

cookieid createtime     pv      pv1     pv2     pv3     pv4     pv5      pv6 
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
cookie1  2015-04-10      1       1       1       26      1       6       26
cookie1  2015-04-11      5       6       6       26      6       13      25
cookie1  2015-04-12      7       13      13      26      13      16      20
cookie1  2015-04-13      3       16      16      26      16      18      13
cookie1  2015-04-14      2       18      18      26      17      21      10
cookie1  2015-04-15      4       22      22      26      16      20      8
cookie1  2015-04-16      4       26      26      26      13      13      4

pv1: 分组内从起点到当前行的pv累积，如，11号的pv1=10号的pv+11号的pv, 12号=10号+11号+12号
pv2: 同pv1
pv3: 分组内(cookie1)所有的pv累加
pv4: 分组内当前行+往前3行，如，11号=10号+11号， 12号=10号+11号+12号， 13号=10号+11号+12号+13号， 14号=11号+12号+13号+14号
pv5: 分组内当前行+往前3行+往后1行，如，14号=11号+12号+13号+14号+15号=5+7+3+2+4=21
pv6: 分组内当前行+往后所有行，如，13号=13号+14号+15号+16号=3+2+4+4=13，14号=14号+15号+16号=2+4+4=10

如果不指定ROWS BETWEEN,默认为从起点到当前行;
如果不指定ORDER BY，则将分组内所有值累加;
关键是理解ROWS BETWEEN含义,也叫做WINDOW子句：
PRECEDING：往前
FOLLOWING：往后
CURRENT ROW：当前行
UNBOUNDED：起点，UNBOUNDED PRECEDING 表示从前面的起点， UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING：表示到后面的终点

AVG函数

AVG 用于统计平均值，和group by 配合使用

SELECT cookieid,
createtime,
pv,
AVG(pv) OVER(PARTITION BY cookieid ORDER BY createtime) AS pv1, -- 默认为从起点到当前行
AVG(pv) OVER(PARTITION BY cookieid ORDER BY createtime ROWS BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND CURRENT ROW) AS pv2, --从起点到当前行，结果同pv1 
AVG(pv) OVER(PARTITION BY cookieid) AS pv3,                             --分组内所有行
AVG(pv) OVER(PARTITION BY cookieid ORDER BY createtime ROWS BETWEEN 3 PRECEDING AND CURRENT ROW) AS pv4,   --当前行+往前3行
AVG(pv) OVER(PARTITION BY cookieid ORDER BY createtime ROWS BETWEEN 3 PRECEDING AND 1 FOLLOWING) AS pv5,    --当前行+往前3行+往后1行
AVG(pv) OVER(PARTITION BY cookieid ORDER BY createtime ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING) AS pv6   ---当前行+往后所有行  
FROM tmp; 
cookieid createtime     pv      pv1     pv2     pv3     pv4     pv5      pv6 
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
cookie1 2015-04-10      1       1.0     1.0     3.7142857142857144      1.0     3.0     3.7142857142857144
cookie1 2015-04-11      5       3.0     3.0     3.7142857142857144      3.0     4.333333333333333       4.166666666666667
cookie1 2015-04-12      7       4.333333333333333       4.333333333333333       3.7142857142857144      4.333333333333333       4.0     4.0
cookie1 2015-04-13      3       4.0     4.0     3.7142857142857144      4.0     3.6     3.25
cookie1 2015-04-14      2       3.6     3.6     3.7142857142857144      4.25    4.2     3.3333333333333335
cookie1 2015-04-15      4       3.6666666666666665      3.6666666666666665      3.7142857142857144      4.0     4.0     4.0
cookie1 2015-04-16      4       3.7142857142857144      3.7142857142857144      3.7142857142857144      3.25    3.25    4.0
MIN函数

min 为求取某列的最小值

SELECT cookieid,
createtime,
pv,
MIN(pv) OVER(PARTITION BY cookieid ORDER BY createtime) AS pv1, -- 默认为从起点到当前行
MIN(pv) OVER(PARTITION BY cookieid ORDER BY createtime ROWS BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND CURRENT ROW) AS pv2, --从起点到当前行，结果同pv1 
MIN(pv) OVER(PARTITION BY cookieid) AS pv3,                                                                                                                             --分组内所有行
MIN(pv) OVER(PARTITION BY cookieid ORDER BY createtime ROWS BETWEEN 3 PRECEDING AND CURRENT ROW) AS pv4,   --当前行+往前3行
MIN(pv) OVER(PARTITION BY cookieid ORDER BY createtime ROWS BETWEEN 3 PRECEDING AND 1 FOLLOWING) AS pv5,    --当前行+往前3行+往后1行
MIN(pv) OVER(PARTITION BY cookieid ORDER BY createtime ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING) AS pv6   ---当前行+往后所有行  
FROM tmp;

cookieid createtime     pv      pv1     pv2     pv3     pv4     pv5      pv6 
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
cookie1 2015-04-10      1       1       1       1       1       1       1
cookie1 2015-04-11      5       1       1       1       1       1       2
cookie1 2015-04-12      7       1       1       1       1       1       2
cookie1 2015-04-13      3       1       1       1       1       1       2
cookie1 2015-04-14      2       1       1       1       2       2       2
cookie1 2015-04-15      4       1       1       1       2       2       4
cookie1 2015-04-16      4       1       1       1       2       2       4
MAX函数

max为求取某列的最大值

SELECT cookieid,
createtime,
pv,
MAX(pv) OVER(PARTITION BY cookieid ORDER BY createtime) AS pv1, -- 默认为从起点到当前行
MAX(pv) OVER(PARTITION BY cookieid ORDER BY createtime ROWS BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND CURRENT ROW) AS pv2, --从起点到当前行，结果同pv1 
MAX(pv) OVER(PARTITION BY cookieid) AS pv3,                             --分组内所有行
MAX(pv) OVER(PARTITION BY cookieid ORDER BY createtime ROWS BETWEEN 3 PRECEDING AND CURRENT ROW) AS pv4,   --当前行+往前3行
MAX(pv) OVER(PARTITION BY cookieid ORDER BY createtime ROWS BETWEEN 3 PRECEDING AND 1 FOLLOWING) AS pv5,    --当前行+往前3行+往后1行
MAX(pv) OVER(PARTITION BY cookieid ORDER BY createtime ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING) AS pv6   ---当前行+往后所有行  
FROM tmp;

cookieid createtime     pv      pv1     pv2     pv3     pv4     pv5      pv6 
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
cookie1 2015-04-10      1       1       1       7       1       5       7
cookie1 2015-04-11      5       5       5       7       5       7       7
cookie1 2015-04-12      7       7       7       7       7       7       7
cookie1 2015-04-13      3       7       7       7       7       7       4
cookie1 2015-04-14      2       7       7       7       7       7       4
cookie1 2015-04-15      4       7       7       7       7       7       4
cookie1 2015-04-16      4       7       7       7       4       4       4

数据准备

cookie1,2015-04-10,1
cookie1,2015-04-11,5
cookie1,2015-04-12,7
cookie1,2015-04-13,3
cookie1,2015-04-14,2
cookie1,2015-04-15,4
cookie1,2015-04-16,4
cookie2,2015-04-10,2
cookie2,2015-04-11,3
cookie2,2015-04-12,5
cookie2,2015-04-13,6
cookie2,2015-04-14,3
cookie2,2015-04-15,9
cookie2,2015-04-16,7
CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE lxw1234 (
cookieid string,
createtime string,   --day 
pv INT
) ROW FORMAT DELIMITED 
FIELDS TERMINATED BY ',' 
stored as textfile location '/tmp/lxw11/';

DESC lxw1234;
cookieid                STRING 
createtime              STRING 
pv INT 

hive> select * from lxw1234;
OK
cookie1 2015-04-10      1
cookie1 2015-04-11      5
cookie1 2015-04-12      7
cookie1 2015-04-13      3
cookie1 2015-04-14      2
cookie1 2015-04-15      4
cookie1 2015-04-16      4
cookie2 2015-04-10      2
cookie2 2015-04-11      3
cookie2 2015-04-12      5
cookie2 2015-04-13      6
cookie2 2015-04-14      3
cookie2 2015-04-15      9
cookie2 2015-04-16      7
NTILE 函数

NTILE(n)，用于将分组数据按照顺序切分成n片，返回当前切片值。
NTILE不支持ROWS BETWEEN，比如 NTILE(2) OVER(PARTITION BY cookieid ORDER BY createtime ROWS BETWEEN 3 PRECEDING AND CURRENT ROW)
如果切片不均匀，默认增加第一个切片的分布

SELECT 
cookieid,
createtime,
pv,
NTILE(2) OVER(PARTITION BY cookieid ORDER BY createtime) AS rn1,    --分组内将数据分成2片
NTILE(3) OVER(PARTITION BY cookieid ORDER BY createtime) AS rn2,  --分组内将数据分成3片
NTILE(4) OVER(ORDER BY createtime) AS rn3        --将所有数据分成4片
FROM lxw1234 
ORDER BY cookieid,createtime;

cookieid day           pv       rn1     rn2     rn3
-------------------------------------------------
cookie1 2015-04-10      1       1       1       1
cookie1 2015-04-11      5       1       1       1
cookie1 2015-04-12      7       1       1       2
cookie1 2015-04-13      3       1       2       2
cookie1 2015-04-14      2       2       2       3
cookie1 2015-04-15      4       2       3       3
cookie1 2015-04-16      4       2       3       4
cookie2 2015-04-10      2       1       1       1
cookie2 2015-04-11      3       1       1       1
cookie2 2015-04-12      5       1       1       2
cookie2 2015-04-13      6       1       2       2
cookie2 2015-04-14      3       2       2       3
cookie2 2015-04-15      9       2       3       4
cookie2 2015-04-16      7       2       3       4
比如，统计一个cookie，pv数最多的前1/3的天
SELECT 
cookieid,
createtime,
pv,
NTILE(3) OVER(PARTITION BY cookieid ORDER BY pv DESC) AS rn 
FROM lxw1234;

--rn = 1 的记录，就是我们想要的结果

cookieid day           pv       rn
----------------------------------
cookie1 2015-04-12      7       1
cookie1 2015-04-11      5       1
cookie1 2015-04-15      4       1
cookie1 2015-04-16      4       2
cookie1 2015-04-13      3       2
cookie1 2015-04-14      2       3
cookie1 2015-04-10      1       3
cookie2 2015-04-15      9       1
cookie2 2015-04-16      7       1
cookie2 2015-04-13      6       1
cookie2 2015-04-12      5       2
cookie2 2015-04-14      3       2
cookie2 2015-04-11      3       3
cookie2 2015-04-10      2       3
ROW_NUMBER 函数

ROW_NUMBER() –从1开始，按照顺序，生成分组内记录的序列
–比如，按照pv降序排列，生成分组内每天的pv名次
ROW_NUMBER() 的应用场景非常多，再比如，获取分组内排序第一的记录;获取一个session中的第一条refer等。

SELECT 
cookieid,
createtime,
pv,
ROW_NUMBER() OVER(PARTITION BY cookieid ORDER BY pv desc) AS rn 
FROM lxw1234;

cookieid day           pv       rn
------------------------------------------- 
cookie1 2015-04-12      7       1
cookie1 2015-04-11      5       2
cookie1 2015-04-15      4       3
cookie1 2015-04-16      4       4
cookie1 2015-04-13      3       5
cookie1 2015-04-14      2       6
cookie1 2015-04-10      1       7
cookie2 2015-04-15      9       1
cookie2 2015-04-16      7       2
cookie2 2015-04-13      6       3
cookie2 2015-04-12      5       4
cookie2 2015-04-14      3       5
cookie2 2015-04-11      3       6
cookie2 2015-04-10      2       7
RANK函数 和 DENSE_RANK函数

—RANK() 生成数据项在分组中的排名，排名相等会在名次中留下空位
—DENSE_RANK() 生成数据项在分组中的排名，排名相等会在名次中不会留下空位

SELECT 
cookieid,
createtime,
pv,
RANK() OVER(PARTITION BY cookieid ORDER BY pv desc) AS rn1,
DENSE_RANK() OVER(PARTITION BY cookieid ORDER BY pv desc) AS rn2,
ROW_NUMBER() OVER(PARTITION BY cookieid ORDER BY pv DESC) AS rn3 
FROM lxw1234 
WHERE cookieid = 'cookie1';

cookieid day           pv       rn1     rn2     rn3 
-------------------------------------------------- 
cookie1 2015-04-12      7       1       1       1
cookie1 2015-04-11      5       2       2       2
cookie1 2015-04-15      4       3       3       3
cookie1 2015-04-16      4       3       3       4
cookie1 2015-04-13      3       5       4       5
cookie1 2015-04-14      2       6       5       6
cookie1 2015-04-10      1       7       6       7

rn1: 15号和16号并列第3, 13号排第5
rn2: 15号和16号并列第3, 13号排第4
rn3: 如果相等，则按记录值排序，生成唯一的次序，如果所有记录值都相等，或许会随机排吧
CUME_DIST函数

数据准备

d1,user1,1000
d1,user2,2000
d1,user3,3000
d2,user4,4000
d2,user5,5000

CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE lxw1234 (
dept STRING,
userid string,
sal INT
) ROW FORMAT DELIMITED 
FIELDS TERMINATED BY ',' 
stored as textfile location '/tmp/lxw11/';

hive> select * from lxw1234;
OK
d1      user1   1000
d1      user2   2000
d1      user3   3000
d2      user4   4000
d2      user5   5000
CUME_DIST函数

–CUME_DIST 小于等于当前值的行数/分组内总行数
–比如，统计小于等于当前薪水的人数，所占总人数的比例

SELECT 
dept,
userid,
sal,
CUME_DIST() OVER(ORDER BY sal) AS rn1,
CUME_DIST() OVER(PARTITION BY dept ORDER BY sal) AS rn2 
FROM lxw1234;

dept    userid   sal   rn1       rn2 
-------------------------------------------
d1      user1   1000    0.2     0.3333333333333333
d1      user2   2000    0.4     0.6666666666666666
d1      user3   3000    0.6     1.0
d2      user4   4000    0.8     0.5
d2      user5   5000    1.0     1.0

rn1: 没有partition,所有数据均为1组，总行数为5，
     第一行：小于等于1000的行数为1，因此，1/5=0.2
     第三行：小于等于3000的行数为3，因此，3/5=0.6
rn2: 按照部门分组，dpet=d1的行数为3,
     第二行：小于等于2000的行数为2，因此，2/3=0.6666666666666666
PERCENT_RANK函数

–PERCENT_RANK 分组内当前行的RANK值-1/分组内总行数-1
应用场景不了解，可能在一些特殊算法的实现中可以用到吧。

SELECT 
dept,
userid,
sal,
PERCENT_RANK() OVER(ORDER BY sal) AS rn1,   --分组内
RANK() OVER(ORDER BY sal) AS rn11,          --分组内RANK值
SUM(1) OVER(PARTITION BY NULL) AS rn12,     --分组内总行数
PERCENT_RANK() OVER(PARTITION BY dept ORDER BY sal) AS rn2 
FROM lxw1234;

dept    userid   sal    rn1    rn11     rn12    rn2
---------------------------------------------------
d1      user1   1000    0.0     1       5       0.0
d1      user2   2000    0.25    2       5       0.5
d1      user3   3000    0.5     3       5       1.0
d2      user4   4000    0.75    4       5       0.0
d2      user5   5000    1.0     5       5       1.0

rn1: rn1 = (rn11-1) / (rn12-1) 
       第一行,(1-1)/(5-1)=0/4=0
       第二行,(2-1)/(5-1)=1/4=0.25
       第四行,(4-1)/(5-1)=3/4=0.75
rn2: 按照dept分组，
     dept=d1的总行数为3
     第一行，(1-1)/(3-1)=0
     第三行，(3-1)/(3-1)=1

数据准备

cookie1,2015-04-10 10:00:02,url2
cookie1,2015-04-10 10:00:00,url1
cookie1,2015-04-10 10:03:04,1url3
cookie1,2015-04-10 10:50:05,url6
cookie1,2015-04-10 11:00:00,url7
cookie1,2015-04-10 10:10:00,url4
cookie1,2015-04-10 10:50:01,url5
cookie2,2015-04-10 10:00:02,url22
cookie2,2015-04-10 10:00:00,url11
cookie2,2015-04-10 10:03:04,1url33
cookie2,2015-04-10 10:50:05,url66
cookie2,2015-04-10 11:00:00,url77
cookie2,2015-04-10 10:10:00,url44
cookie2,2015-04-10 10:50:01,url55

CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE lxw1234 (
cookieid string,
createtime string,  --页面访问时间
url STRING       --被访问页面
) ROW FORMAT DELIMITED 
FIELDS TERMINATED BY ',' 
stored as textfile location '/tmp/lxw11/';


hive> select * from lxw1234;
OK
cookie1 2015-04-10 10:00:02     url2
cookie1 2015-04-10 10:00:00     url1
cookie1 2015-04-10 10:03:04     1url3
cookie1 2015-04-10 10:50:05     url6
cookie1 2015-04-10 11:00:00     url7
cookie1 2015-04-10 10:10:00     url4
cookie1 2015-04-10 10:50:01     url5
cookie2 2015-04-10 10:00:02     url22
cookie2 2015-04-10 10:00:00     url11
cookie2 2015-04-10 10:03:04     1url33
cookie2 2015-04-10 10:50:05     url66
cookie2 2015-04-10 11:00:00     url77
cookie2 2015-04-10 10:10:00     url44
cookie2 2015-04-10 10:50:01     url55
LAG函数

LAG(col,n,DEFAULT) 用于统计窗口内往上第n行值
第一个参数为列名，第二个参数为往上第n行（可选，默认为1），第三个参数为默认值（当往上第n行为NULL时候，取默认值，如不指定，则为NULL）

SELECT cookieid,
createtime,
url,
ROW_NUMBER() OVER(PARTITION BY cookieid ORDER BY createtime) AS rn,
LAG(createtime,1,'1970-01-01 00:00:00') OVER(PARTITION BY cookieid ORDER BY createtime) AS last_1_time,
LAG(createtime,2) OVER(PARTITION BY cookieid ORDER BY createtime) AS last_2_time 
FROM lxw1234;


cookieid createtime             url    rn       last_1_time             last_2_time
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
cookie1 2015-04-10 10:00:00     url1    1       1970-01-01 00:00:00     NULL
cookie1 2015-04-10 10:00:02     url2    2       2015-04-10 10:00:00     NULL
cookie1 2015-04-10 10:03:04     1url3   3       2015-04-10 10:00:02     2015-04-10 10:00:00
cookie1 2015-04-10 10:10:00     url4    4       2015-04-10 10:03:04     2015-04-10 10:00:02
cookie1 2015-04-10 10:50:01     url5    5       2015-04-10 10:10:00     2015-04-10 10:03:04
cookie1 2015-04-10 10:50:05     url6    6       2015-04-10 10:50:01     2015-04-10 10:10:00
cookie1 2015-04-10 11:00:00     url7    7       2015-04-10 10:50:05     2015-04-10 10:50:01
cookie2 2015-04-10 10:00:00     url11   1       1970-01-01 00:00:00     NULL
cookie2 2015-04-10 10:00:02     url22   2       2015-04-10 10:00:00     NULL
cookie2 2015-04-10 10:03:04     1url33  3       2015-04-10 10:00:02     2015-04-10 10:00:00
cookie2 2015-04-10 10:10:00     url44   4       2015-04-10 10:03:04     2015-04-10 10:00:02
cookie2 2015-04-10 10:50:01     url55   5       2015-04-10 10:10:00     2015-04-10 10:03:04
cookie2 2015-04-10 10:50:05     url66   6       2015-04-10 10:50:01     2015-04-10 10:10:00
cookie2 2015-04-10 11:00:00     url77   7       2015-04-10 10:50:05     2015-04-10 10:50:01


last_1_time: 指定了往上第1行的值，default为'1970-01-01 00:00:00'  
             cookie1第一行，往上1行为NULL,因此取默认值 1970-01-01 00:00:00
             cookie1第三行，往上1行值为第二行值，2015-04-10 10:00:02
             cookie1第六行，往上1行值为第五行值，2015-04-10 10:50:01
last_2_time: 指定了往上第2行的值，为指定默认值
             cookie1第一行，往上2行为NULL
             cookie1第二行，往上2行为NULL
             cookie1第四行，往上2行为第二行值，2015-04-10 10:00:02
             cookie1第七行，往上2行为第五行值，2015-04-10 10:50:01
LEAD函数

与LAG相反
LEAD(col,n,DEFAULT) 用于统计窗口内往下第n行值
第一个参数为列名，第二个参数为往下第n行（可选，默认为1），第三个参数为默认值（当往下第n行为NULL时候，取默认值，如不指定，则为NULL

SELECT cookieid,
createtime,
url,
ROW_NUMBER() OVER(PARTITION BY cookieid ORDER BY createtime) AS rn,
LEAD(createtime,1,'1970-01-01 00:00:00') OVER(PARTITION BY cookieid ORDER BY createtime) AS next_1_time,
LEAD(createtime,2) OVER(PARTITION BY cookieid ORDER BY createtime) AS next_2_time 
FROM lxw1234;


cookieid createtime             url    rn       next_1_time             next_2_time 
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
cookie1 2015-04-10 10:00:00     url1    1       2015-04-10 10:00:02     2015-04-10 10:03:04
cookie1 2015-04-10 10:00:02     url2    2       2015-04-10 10:03:04     2015-04-10 10:10:00
cookie1 2015-04-10 10:03:04     1url3   3       2015-04-10 10:10:00     2015-04-10 10:50:01
cookie1 2015-04-10 10:10:00     url4    4       2015-04-10 10:50:01     2015-04-10 10:50:05
cookie1 2015-04-10 10:50:01     url5    5       2015-04-10 10:50:05     2015-04-10 11:00:00
cookie1 2015-04-10 10:50:05     url6    6       2015-04-10 11:00:00     NULL
cookie1 2015-04-10 11:00:00     url7    7       1970-01-01 00:00:00     NULL
cookie2 2015-04-10 10:00:00     url11   1       2015-04-10 10:00:02     2015-04-10 10:03:04
cookie2 2015-04-10 10:00:02     url22   2       2015-04-10 10:03:04     2015-04-10 10:10:00
cookie2 2015-04-10 10:03:04     1url33  3       2015-04-10 10:10:00     2015-04-10 10:50:01
cookie2 2015-04-10 10:10:00     url44   4       2015-04-10 10:50:01     2015-04-10 10:50:05
cookie2 2015-04-10 10:50:01     url55   5       2015-04-10 10:50:05     2015-04-10 11:00:00
cookie2 2015-04-10 10:50:05     url66   6       2015-04-10 11:00:00     NULL
cookie2 2015-04-10 11:00:00     url77   7       1970-01-01 00:00:00     NULL

--逻辑与LAG一样，只不过LAG是往上，LEAD是往下。
FIRST_VALUE函数

取分组内排序后，截止到当前行，第一个值

SELECT cookieid,
createtime,
url,
ROW_NUMBER() OVER(PARTITION BY cookieid ORDER BY createtime) AS rn,
FIRST_VALUE(url) OVER(PARTITION BY cookieid ORDER BY createtime) AS first1 
FROM lxw1234;

cookieid  createtime            url     rn      first1
---------------------------------------------------------
cookie1 2015-04-10 10:00:00     url1    1       url1
cookie1 2015-04-10 10:00:02     url2    2       url1
cookie1 2015-04-10 10:03:04     1url3   3       url1
cookie1 2015-04-10 10:10:00     url4    4       url1
cookie1 2015-04-10 10:50:01     url5    5       url1
cookie1 2015-04-10 10:50:05     url6    6       url1
cookie1 2015-04-10 11:00:00     url7    7       url1
cookie2 2015-04-10 10:00:00     url11   1       url11
cookie2 2015-04-10 10:00:02     url22   2       url11
cookie2 2015-04-10 10:03:04     1url33  3       url11
cookie2 2015-04-10 10:10:00     url44   4       url11
cookie2 2015-04-10 10:50:01     url55   5       url11
cookie2 2015-04-10 10:50:05     url66   6       url11
cookie2 2015-04-10 11:00:00     url77   7       url11
LAST_VALUE函数

取分组内排序后，截止到当前行，最后一个值

SELECT cookieid,
createtime,
url,
ROW_NUMBER() OVER(PARTITION BY cookieid ORDER BY createtime) AS rn,
LAST_VALUE(url) OVER(PARTITION BY cookieid ORDER BY createtime) AS last1 
FROM lxw1234;


cookieid  createtime            url    rn       last1  
-----------------------------------------------------------------
cookie1 2015-04-10 10:00:00     url1    1       url1
cookie1 2015-04-10 10:00:02     url2    2       url2
cookie1 2015-04-10 10:03:04     1url3   3       1url3
cookie1 2015-04-10 10:10:00     url4    4       url4
cookie1 2015-04-10 10:50:01     url5    5       url5
cookie1 2015-04-10 10:50:05     url6    6       url6
cookie1 2015-04-10 11:00:00     url7    7       url7
cookie2 2015-04-10 10:00:00     url11   1       url11
cookie2 2015-04-10 10:00:02     url22   2       url22
cookie2 2015-04-10 10:03:04     1url33  3       1url33
cookie2 2015-04-10 10:10:00     url44   4       url44
cookie2 2015-04-10 10:50:01     url55   5       url55
cookie2 2015-04-10 10:50:05     url66   6       url66
cookie2 2015-04-10 11:00:00     url77   7       url77
如果不指定ORDER BY，则默认按照记录在文件中的偏移量进行排序，会出现错误的结果
SELECT cookieid,
createtime,
url,
FIRST_VALUE(url) OVER(PARTITION BY cookieid) AS first2  
FROM lxw1234;

cookieid  createtime            url     first2
----------------------------------------------
cookie1 2015-04-10 10:00:02     url2    url2
cookie1 2015-04-10 10:00:00     url1    url2
cookie1 2015-04-10 10:03:04     1url3   url2
cookie1 2015-04-10 10:50:05     url6    url2
cookie1 2015-04-10 11:00:00     url7    url2
cookie1 2015-04-10 10:10:00     url4    url2
cookie1 2015-04-10 10:50:01     url5    url2
cookie2 2015-04-10 10:00:02     url22   url22
cookie2 2015-04-10 10:00:00     url11   url22
cookie2 2015-04-10 10:03:04     1url33  url22
cookie2 2015-04-10 10:50:05     url66   url22
cookie2 2015-04-10 11:00:00     url77   url22
cookie2 2015-04-10 10:10:00     url44   url22
cookie2 2015-04-10 10:50:01     url55   url22

SELECT cookieid,
createtime,
url,
LAST_VALUE(url) OVER(PARTITION BY cookieid) AS last2  
FROM lxw1234;

cookieid  createtime            url     last2
----------------------------------------------
cookie1 2015-04-10 10:00:02     url2    url5
cookie1 2015-04-10 10:00:00     url1    url5
cookie1 2015-04-10 10:03:04     1url3   url5
cookie1 2015-04-10 10:50:05     url6    url5
cookie1 2015-04-10 11:00:00     url7    url5
cookie1 2015-04-10 10:10:00     url4    url5
cookie1 2015-04-10 10:50:01     url5    url5
cookie2 2015-04-10 10:00:02     url22   url55
cookie2 2015-04-10 10:00:00     url11   url55
cookie2 2015-04-10 10:03:04     1url33  url55
cookie2 2015-04-10 10:50:05     url66   url55
cookie2 2015-04-10 11:00:00     url77   url55
cookie2 2015-04-10 10:10:00     url44   url55
cookie2 2015-04-10 10:50:01     url55   url55
如果想要取分组内排序后最后一个值，则需要变通一下：
SELECT cookieid,
createtime,
url,
ROW_NUMBER() OVER(PARTITION BY cookieid ORDER BY createtime) AS rn,
LAST_VALUE(url) OVER(PARTITION BY cookieid ORDER BY createtime) AS last1,
FIRST_VALUE(url) OVER(PARTITION BY cookieid ORDER BY createtime DESC) AS last2 
FROM lxw1234 
ORDER BY cookieid,createtime;

cookieid  createtime            url     rn     last1    last2
-------------------------------------------------------------
cookie1 2015-04-10 10:00:00     url1    1       url1    url7
cookie1 2015-04-10 10:00:02     url2    2       url2    url7
cookie1 2015-04-10 10:03:04     1url3   3       1url3   url7
cookie1 2015-04-10 10:10:00     url4    4       url4    url7
cookie1 2015-04-10 10:50:01     url5    5       url5    url7
cookie1 2015-04-10 10:50:05     url6    6       url6    url7
cookie1 2015-04-10 11:00:00     url7    7       url7    url7
cookie2 2015-04-10 10:00:00     url11   1       url11   url77
cookie2 2015-04-10 10:00:02     url22   2       url22   url77
cookie2 2015-04-10 10:03:04     1url33  3       1url33  url77
cookie2 2015-04-10 10:10:00     url44   4       url44   url77
cookie2 2015-04-10 10:50:01     url55   5       url55   url77
cookie2 2015-04-10 10:50:05     url66   6       url66   url77
cookie2 2015-04-10 11:00:00     url77   7       url77   url77
提示：在使用分析函数的过程中，要特别注意ORDER BY子句，用的不恰当，统计出的结果就不是你所期望的。

数据准备

2015-03,2015-03-10,cookie1
2015-03,2015-03-10,cookie5
2015-03,2015-03-12,cookie7
2015-04,2015-04-12,cookie3
2015-04,2015-04-13,cookie2
2015-04,2015-04-13,cookie4
2015-04,2015-04-16,cookie4
2015-03,2015-03-10,cookie2
2015-03,2015-03-10,cookie3
2015-04,2015-04-12,cookie5
2015-04,2015-04-13,cookie6
2015-04,2015-04-15,cookie3
2015-04,2015-04-15,cookie2
2015-04,2015-04-16,cookie1

CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE lxw1234 (
month STRING,
day STRING, 
cookieid STRING 
) ROW FORMAT DELIMITED 
FIELDS TERMINATED BY ',' 
stored as textfile location '/tmp/lxw11/';


hive> select * from lxw1234;
OK
2015-03 2015-03-10      cookie1
2015-03 2015-03-10      cookie5
2015-03 2015-03-12      cookie7
2015-04 2015-04-12      cookie3
2015-04 2015-04-13      cookie2
2015-04 2015-04-13      cookie4
2015-04 2015-04-16      cookie4
2015-03 2015-03-10      cookie2
2015-03 2015-03-10      cookie3
2015-04 2015-04-12      cookie5
2015-04 2015-04-13      cookie6
2015-04 2015-04-15      cookie3
2015-04 2015-04-15      cookie2
2015-04 2015-04-16      cookie1
GROUPING SETS 函数

在一个GROUP BY查询中，根据不同的维度组合进行聚合，等价于将不同维度的GROUP BY结果集进行UNION ALL

SELECT 
month,
day,
COUNT(DISTINCT cookieid) AS uv,
GROUPING__ID 
FROM lxw1234 
GROUP BY month,day 
GROUPING SETS (month,day) 
ORDER BY GROUPING__ID;

month      day            uv      GROUPING__ID
------------------------------------------------
2015-03    NULL            5       1
2015-04    NULL            6       1
NULL       2015-03-10      4       2
NULL       2015-03-12      1       2
NULL       2015-04-12      2       2
NULL       2015-04-13      3       2
NULL       2015-04-15      2       2
NULL       2015-04-16      2       2


等价于 
SELECT month,NULL,COUNT(DISTINCT cookieid) AS uv,1 AS GROUPING__ID FROM lxw1234 GROUP BY month 
UNION ALL 
SELECT NULL,day,COUNT(DISTINCT cookieid) AS uv,2 AS GROUPING__ID FROM lxw1234 GROUP BY day

再如

SELECT 
month,
day,
COUNT(DISTINCT cookieid) AS uv,
GROUPING__ID 
FROM lxw1234 
GROUP BY month,day 
GROUPING SETS (month,day,(month,day)) 
ORDER BY GROUPING__ID;

month         day             uv      GROUPING__ID
------------------------------------------------
2015-03       NULL            5       1
2015-04       NULL            6       1
NULL          2015-03-10      4       2
NULL          2015-03-12      1       2
NULL          2015-04-12      2       2
NULL          2015-04-13      3       2
NULL          2015-04-15      2       2
NULL          2015-04-16      2       2
2015-03       2015-03-10      4       3
2015-03       2015-03-12      1       3
2015-04       2015-04-12      2       3
2015-04       2015-04-13      3       3
2015-04       2015-04-15      2       3
2015-04       2015-04-16      2       3


等价于
SELECT month,NULL,COUNT(DISTINCT cookieid) AS uv,1 AS GROUPING__ID FROM lxw1234 GROUP BY month 
UNION ALL 
SELECT NULL,day,COUNT(DISTINCT cookieid) AS uv,2 AS GROUPING__ID FROM lxw1234 GROUP BY day
UNION ALL 
SELECT month,day,COUNT(DISTINCT cookieid) AS uv,3 AS GROUPING__ID FROM lxw1234 GROUP BY month,day

其中的 GROUPING__ID，表示结果属于哪一个分组集合。

CUBE函数

根据GROUP BY的维度的所有组合进行聚合。

SELECT 
month,
day,
COUNT(DISTINCT cookieid) AS uv,
GROUPING__ID 
FROM lxw1234 
GROUP BY month,day 
WITH CUBE 
ORDER BY GROUPING__ID;

month               day             uv     GROUPING__ID
--------------------------------------------
NULL            NULL            7       0
2015-03         NULL            5       1
2015-04         NULL            6       1
NULL            2015-04-12      2       2
NULL            2015-04-13      3       2
NULL            2015-04-15      2       2
NULL            2015-04-16      2       2
NULL            2015-03-10      4       2
NULL            2015-03-12      1       2
2015-03         2015-03-10      4       3
2015-03         2015-03-12      1       3
2015-04         2015-04-16      2       3
2015-04         2015-04-12      2       3
2015-04         2015-04-13      3       3
2015-04         2015-04-15      2       3

等价于
SELECT NULL,NULL,COUNT(DISTINCT cookieid) AS uv,0 AS GROUPING__ID FROM lxw1234
UNION ALL 
SELECT month,NULL,COUNT(DISTINCT cookieid) AS uv,1 AS GROUPING__ID FROM lxw1234 GROUP BY month 
UNION ALL 
SELECT NULL,day,COUNT(DISTINCT cookieid) AS uv,2 AS GROUPING__ID FROM lxw1234 GROUP BY day
UNION ALL 
SELECT month,day,COUNT(DISTINCT cookieid) AS uv,3 AS GROUPING__ID FROM lxw1234 GROUP BY month,day
ROLLUP函数

是CUBE的子集，以最左侧的维度为主，从该维度进行层级聚合。

比如，以month维度进行层级聚合：
SELECT 
month,
day,
COUNT(DISTINCT cookieid) AS uv,
GROUPING__ID  
FROM lxw1234 
GROUP BY month,day
WITH ROLLUP 
ORDER BY GROUPING__ID;

month               day             uv     GROUPING__ID
---------------------------------------------------
NULL             NULL            7       0
2015-03          NULL            5       1
2015-04          NULL            6       1
2015-03          2015-03-10      4       3
2015-03          2015-03-12      1       3
2015-04          2015-04-12      2       3
2015-04          2015-04-13      3       3
2015-04          2015-04-15      2       3
2015-04          2015-04-16      2       3

可以实现这样的上钻过程：
月天的UV->月的UV->总UV
--把month和day调换顺序，则以day维度进行层级聚合：

SELECT 
day,
month,
COUNT(DISTINCT cookieid) AS uv,
GROUPING__ID  
FROM lxw1234 
GROUP BY day,month 
WITH ROLLUP 
ORDER BY GROUPING__ID;


day                   month              uv     GROUPING__ID
-------------------------------------------------------
NULL            NULL               7       0
2015-04-13      NULL               3       1
2015-03-12      NULL               1       1
2015-04-15      NULL               2       1
2015-03-10      NULL               4       1
2015-04-16      NULL               2       1
2015-04-12      NULL               2       1
2015-04-12      2015-04            2       3
2015-03-10      2015-03            4       3
2015-03-12      2015-03            1       3
2015-04-13      2015-04            3       3
2015-04-15      2015-04            2       3
2015-04-16      2015-04            2       3

可以实现这样的上钻过程：
天月的UV->天的UV->总UV
（这里，根据天和月进行聚合，和根据天聚合结果一样，因为有父子关系，如果是其他维度组合的话，就会不一样）
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Hive窗口分析函数一、语法结构二、窗口函数三、Over从句四、分析函数五、COUNT、SUM、MIN、MAX、AVG详解1.数据准备参考资料 一、语法结构 分析函数 over(partition by 列名 order by 列名 rows between 开始位置 and 结束位置) over()函数中包括三个函数：包括分区partition by 列名、排序order by 列名、指定窗口范围rows between 开始位置 and 结束位置。 我们在使用over()窗口函数时，over()函数中
hive分析函数
weixin_36190755的博客
10-13 1553
排序 1.row_number() 直排，相同的也有序 row_number() over(partition by col1 order by col2) as rowid 结果：1,2,3,4 2.rank() 并列的，下一个数字会跳过 rank() over(partition by col1 order by col2) as rowid 结果：1，2，2，4，5 3.dense_rank() 并列的，下一个数据不会跳过 dense_rank() over(partitio
SQL：开窗函数（窗口函数）
忄凝^的博客
07-22 8848
4、 窗口函数 目录4、 窗口函数4.1 排序窗口函数rank4.2 rank(), dense_rank(), row_number()区别4.3 、排序截取数据lag(),lead(),ntile(),cume_dist()4.4 聚合函数作为窗口函数4.4、over(- - rows between and ) 简单理解，就是对查询的结果多出一列，这一列可以是聚合值，也可以是排序值。 开窗函数一般就是说的是over（）函数，其窗口是由一个 OVER 子句 定义的多行记录 开窗函数一般分为两类,
hivesql窗口函数
最新发布
03-15
HiveSQL窗口函数是一种在Hive查询中使用的特殊函数，它可以对查询结果进行分组和排序，并在每个分组内进行计算。窗口函数可以用于解决一些复杂的数据分析问题，例如计算排名、累计求和等。 以下是HiveSQL窗口函数的一些常见用法和示例： 1. ROW_NUMBER(): 用于为每一行分配一个唯一的序号。 示例：SELECT col1, col2, ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY col1) as row_num FROM table; 2. RANK(): 用于计算每一行的排名，相同值的行将获得相同的排名，下一个排名将被跳过。 示例：SELECT col1, col2, RANK() OVER (ORDER BY col1) as rank FROM table; 3. DENSE_RANK(): 与RANK()类似，但是相同值的行将获得相同的排名，下一个排名不会被跳过。 示例：SELECT col1, col2, DENSE_RANK() OVER (ORDER BY col1) as dense_rank FROM table; 4. LAG(): 用于获取当前行之前指定偏移量的行的值。 示例：SELECT col1, col2, LAG(col1, 1) OVER (ORDER BY col1) as lag_value FROM table; 5. LEAD(): 用于获取当前行之后指定偏移量的行的值。 示例：SELECT col1, col2, LEAD(col1, 1) OVER (ORDER BY col1) as lead_value FROM table; 6. SUM(): 用于计算指定列的累计和。 示例：SELECT col1, col2, SUM(col1) OVER (ORDER BY col1) as sum_value FROM table;

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