ThreadStart 方式实现多线程
先以一个例子体现一下多线程带来的好处,首先在Message类中建立一个方法ShowMessage(),里面显示了当前运行线程的Id,并使用Thread.Sleep(int ) 方法模拟部分工作。在main()中通过ThreadStart委托绑定Message对象的ShowMessage() 方法,然后通过Thread.Start() 执行异步方法
namespace Thread1
{
public class Message
{
public void ShowMessage()
{
string message = string.Format("Async threadId is :{0}", Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId);
Console.WriteLine(message);
for (int n = 0; n < 100; n++)
{
Thread.Sleep(300);
Console.WriteLine("The number is:" + n.ToString());
}
}
}
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
Console.WriteLine("Main threadId is:" + Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId);
Message message = new Message();
Thread thread = new Thread(new ThreadStart(message.ShowMessage));
thread.Start();
Console.WriteLine("Do something ..........!");
Console.WriteLine("Main thread working is complete!");
}
}
}
请注意运行结果,在调用Thread.Start()方法后,系统以异步方式运行Message.ShowMessage(),而主线程的操作是继续执行的,在Message.ShowMessage()完成前,主线程已完成所有的操作
用 ParameterizedThreadStart 委托
ParameterizedThreadStart委托与ThreadStart委托非常相似,但ParameterizedThreadStart委托是面向带参数方法的。(eg:thread.Start(person)) 注意ParameterizedThreadStart 对应方法的参数为object,此参数可以为一个值对象,也可以为一个自定义对象
namespace Thread2
{
public class Person
{
public string Name
{
get;
set;
}
public int Age
{
get;
set;
}
}
public class Message
{
public void ShowMessage(object person)
{
if (person != null)
{
Person _person = (Person)person;
string message = string.Format("\n{0}'s age is {1}!\nAsync threadId is:{2}",
_person.Name, _person.Age, Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId);
Console.WriteLine(message);
}
for (int n = 0; n < 10; n++)
{
Thread.Sleep(300);
Console.WriteLine("The number is:" + n.ToString());
}
}
}
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
Console.WriteLine("Main threadId is:" + Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId);
Message message = new Message();
//绑定带参数的异步方法
Thread thread = new Thread(new ParameterizedThreadStart(message.ShowMessage));
Person person = new Person();
person.Name = "Jack";
person.Age = 21;
thread.Start(person); //启动异步线程
Console.WriteLine("Do something ..........!");
Console.WriteLine("Main thread working is complete!");
}
}
}
前台线程与后台线程
注意以上两个例子都没有使用Console.ReadKey(),但系统依然会等待异步线程完成后才会结束。这是因为使用Thread.Start()启动的线程默认为前台线程,而系统必须等待所有前台线程运行结束后,应用程序域才会自动卸载
Thread有一个属性IsBackground,通过把此属性设置为true,就可以把线程设置为后台线程!这时应用程序域将在主线程完成时就被卸载,而不会等待异步线程的运行
挂起线程
namespace Thread3
{
public class Message
{
public void ShowMessage()
{
string message = string.Format("\nAsync threadId is:{0}",
Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId);
Console.WriteLine(message);
for (int n = 0; n < 10; n++)
{
Thread.Sleep(300);
Console.WriteLine("The number is:" + n.ToString());
}
}
}
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
Console.WriteLine("Main threadId is:" + Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId);
Message message = new Message();
Thread thread = new Thread(new ThreadStart(message.ShowMessage));
thread.IsBackground = true;
thread.Start();
Console.WriteLine("Do something ..........!");
Console.WriteLine("Main thread working is complete!");
Console.WriteLine("Main thread sleep!");
Thread.Sleep(500);
}
}
}
但系统无法预知异步线程需要运行的时间,所以用通过Thread.Sleep(int)阻塞主线程并不是一个好的解决方法。有见及此,.NET专门为等待异步线程完成开发了另一个方法thread.Join()。把上面例子中的最后一行Thread.Sleep(500)修改为 thread.Join() 就能保证主线程在异步线程thread运行结束后才会终止
Suspend 与 Resume (慎用)
Thread.Suspend()与 Thread.Resume()是在Framework1.0 就已经存在的老方法了,它们分别可以挂起、恢复线程。但在Framework2.0中就已经明确排斥这两个方法。这是因为一旦某个线程占用了已有的资源,再使用Suspend()使线程长期处于挂起状态,当在其他线程调用这些资源的时候就会引起死锁!所以在没有必要的情况下应该避免使用这两个方法
终止线程
若想终止正在运行的线程,可以使用Abort()方法。在使用Abort()的时候,将引发一个特殊异常 ThreadAbortException
若想在线程终止前恢复线程的执行,可以在捕获异常后 ,在catch(ThreadAbortException ex){…} 中调用Thread.ResetAbort()取消终止
而使用Thread.Join()可以保证应用程序域等待异步线程结束后才终止运行
namespace Thread4
{
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
Console.WriteLine("Main threadId is:" +
Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId);
Thread thread = new Thread(new ThreadStart(AsyncThread));
thread.IsBackground = true;
thread.Start();
thread.Join();
}
//以异步方式调用
static void AsyncThread()
{
try
{
string message = string.Format("\nAsync threadId is:{0}",
Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId);
Console.WriteLine(message);
for (int n = 0; n < 10; n++)
{
//当n等于4时,终止线程
if (n >= 4)
{
Thread.CurrentThread.Abort(n);
}
Thread.Sleep(300);
Console.WriteLine("The number is:" + n.ToString());
}
}
catch (ThreadAbortException ex)
{
//输出终止线程时n的值
if (ex.ExceptionState != null)
Console.WriteLine(string.Format("Thread abort when the number is: {0}!",
ex.ExceptionState.ToString()));
//取消终止,继续执行线程
Thread.ResetAbort();
Console.WriteLine("Thread ResetAbort!");
}
//线程结束
Console.WriteLine("Thread Close!");
Thread.Sleep(50000);
}
}
}