安卓面试清单----OKHttp源码解析(一)


title: 安卓面试清单----OKHttp源码解析(一)
date: 2017-06-14 08:54:16
categories: 源码
tags: [Android,面试,OKHttp]
description: OKHttp源码从头解析,面试杀手锏


本文基于OKHttp3.2 。

一个典型 OKhttp 同步请求的发起是这样的:

 Response response = client.newCall(request).execute();

在 OkHttpClient 类中, newCall 方法是这样的:

public Call newCall(Request request) {
      return new RealCall(this, request);
   }

RealCall 是 Call 的实现类,那我们去 RealCall 中找,

/**来自 RealCall 类*/


public Response execute() throws IOException {
		synchronized (this) {
			if (this.executed) {
				throw new IllegalStateException("Already Executed");
			}
			this.executed = true;
		}
		Response arg1;
		try {
			this.client.dispatcher().executed(this);
			Response result = this.getResponseWithInterceptorChain(false);
			if (result == null) {
				throw new IOException("Canceled");
			}
			arg1 = result;
		} finally {
			this.client.dispatcher().finished(this);
		}

		return arg1;
	}

很轻松就找到了 execute() 方法,上面代码第10行用到了一个从 OkHttpClient 获得的 Dispatcher 然后把它加入到分发器里面的队列 runningSyncCalls 中,在完成的时候会remove掉。这个队列是一个ArrayDeque。

private final Deque<RealCall> runningSyncCalls = new ArrayDeque();
/**来自 Dispatcher 类*/


synchronized void executed(RealCall call) {
      this.runningSyncCalls.add(call);
   }

   synchronized void finished(Call call) {
      if(!this.runningSyncCalls.remove(call)) {
         throw new AssertionError("Call wasn\'t in-flight!");
      }
   }

其次会执行:

Response result = this.getResponseWithInterceptorChain(false);

先到这儿,记住 getResponseWithInterceptorChain() 方法,我们再来看异步请求:

也在 RealCall 中:

/**来自 RealCall 类*/


void enqueue(Callback responseCallback, boolean forWebSocket) {
		synchronized (this) {
			if (this.executed) {
				throw new IllegalStateException("Already Executed");
			}

			this.executed = true;
		}

		this.client.dispatcher().enqueue(
				new RealCall.AsyncCall(responseCallback, forWebSocket));
	}

是不是和同步很像,但是有两点不同:

1、同步调用的 executed 方法,而异步调用的是分发器的 enqueue 方法。

2、同步传入 execute 方法的参数是 Call,异步传入 enqueue 方法的是AsyncCall,这个是什么呢,这个是 Call 里面的一个内部类,而且是一个继承了Runnable的内部类。

先看第一个不同点:分发器的 enqueue 方法是干什么的?


/**来自 Dispatcher 类*/

synchronized void enqueue(AsyncCall call) {
 //判断当前运行的线程是否超过最大线程数,以及同一个请求是否要超过相同请求同时存在的最大数目
      if(this.runningAsyncCalls.size() < this.maxRequests && this.runningCallsForHost(call) < this.maxRequestsPerHost) {
         this.runningAsyncCalls.add(call);
         //将请求放到线程池里运行
         this.executorService().execute(call);
      } else {
        //不满足运行条件放到后备队列里
         this.readyAsyncCalls.add(call);
      }

   }
/**来自 Dispatcher 类*/

public synchronized ExecutorService executorService() {
      if(this.executorService == null) {
         this.executorService = new ThreadPoolExecutor(0, Integer.MAX_VALUE, 60L, TimeUnit.SECONDS, new SynchronousQueue(), Util.threadFactory("OkHttp Dispatcher", false));
      }

      return this.executorService;
   }

很明显,这儿用线程池直接提交了这个实现了 Runable 的 AsyncCall 。
这是一个可缓存的线程池。

从上面代码我们看到异步请求是有条件限制的,默认最多64个请求,而对同一个主机的最大请求默认最多同时存在5个。这两个值都是可以更改的,Dispatcher 提供了相关方法。

public final class Dispatcher {
   private int maxRequests = 64;
   private int maxRequestsPerHost = 5;
   private ExecutorService executorService;
   private final Deque<AsyncCall> readyAsyncCalls = new ArrayDeque();
   private final Deque<AsyncCall> runningAsyncCalls = new ArrayDeque();
   private final Deque<RealCall> runningSyncCalls = new ArrayDeque();

   public Dispatcher(ExecutorService executorService) {
      this.executorService = executorService;
   }

/**来自 Dispatcher 类*/

 private int runningCallsForHost(AsyncCall call) {
      int result = 0;
      Iterator arg2 = this.runningAsyncCalls.iterator();

      while(arg2.hasNext()) {
         AsyncCall c = (AsyncCall)arg2.next();
          通过比较每个请求的主机地址,一样代表同一个请求
         if(c.host().equals(call.host())) {
            ++result;
         }
      }
      return result;
   }
/**来自 RealCall类*/

String host() {
			return RealCall.this.originalRequest.url().host();
			}

OK,第一个不同点已经分析完,再来看看第二个不同点 AsyncCall 是个什么东东?

AsyncCall 继承自 NamedRunnable ,NamedRunnable 实现了 Runnable 。NamedRunnable 只是给这个 Runnable 起了个名字而已。

public NamedRunnable(String format, Object... args) {
      this.name = String.format(format, args);
   }

再来看看AsyncCall 的run里面的代码:

/**来自 NamedRunnable 类*/
public final void run() {
      String oldName = Thread.currentThread().getName();
      Thread.currentThread().setName(this.name);
      try {
         this.execute();
      } finally {
         Thread.currentThread().setName(oldName);
      }
   }
   
	 protected abstract void execute();

显然AsyncCall的execute才是核心。


/**来自 RealCall 的内部类 AsyncCall 类,继承自 NamedRunnable */

protected void execute() {
			boolean signalledCallback = false;

			try {
				Response e = RealCall.this.getResponseWithInterceptorChain(this.forWebSocket);
				if (RealCall.this.canceled) {
					signalledCallback = true;
	//若请求被取消,则回调 onFailure	
	 			this.responseCallback.onFailure(RealCall.this,
							new IOException("Canceled"));
				} else {
					signalledCallback = true;
	//若成功返回Response,则回调 onResponse
		this.responseCallback.onResponse(RealCall.this, e);
				}
			} catch (IOException arg5) {
				if (signalledCallback) {
					Internal.logger.log(Level.INFO, "Callback failure for "
							+ RealCall.this.toLoggableString(), arg5);
				} else {
					this.responseCallback.onFailure(RealCall.this, arg5);
				}
			} finally {
				RealCall.this.client.dispatcher().finished(this);
			}
		}

在代码第八行我们又看到了**getResponseWithInterceptorChain()**方法。 可以看到,异步和同步一样,最后都执行到了这个方法并返回 Response 。
那我们就来看一下这个方法的实现:

/**来自 RealCall类 */

private Response getResponseWithInterceptorChain(boolean forWebSocket)throws IOException {
		RealCall.ApplicationInterceptorChain chain = new RealCall.ApplicationInterceptorChain(
				0, this.originalRequest, forWebSocket);
		return chain.proceed(this.originalRequest);
	}

创建了一个ApplicationInterceptorChain ,并且第一个参数传入0,这个0是有特殊用法的,涉及到OKHttp里面的一个功能叫做拦截器,从getResponseWithInterceptorChain这个名字里其实也能看出一二。先看看proceed做了什么:

OKHttp增加的拦截器机制,先来看看官方文档对Interceptors 的解释 :

Interceptors are a powerful mechanism that can monitor, rewrite, and
retry calls.

解释下就是拦截器可以用来转换,重试,重写请求的机制。


/**来自 RealCall 的内部类 ApplicationInterceptorChain,实现了 Chain 接口 */

public Response proceed(Request request) throws IOException {
			  /**先判断是否有拦截器,如果有则首先执行拦截器重写的 intercept 方法,执行完自己写的代码之后,并手动调用 proceed()方法再次判断是否还有拦截器。
			  
			   若已经没有拦截器存在的话就执行 getResponse()方法*/
			if (this.index < RealCall.this.client.interceptors().size()) {
				RealCall.ApplicationInterceptorChain chain = RealCall.this.new ApplicationInterceptorChain(
						this.index + 1, request, this.forWebSocket);
				Interceptor interceptor = (Interceptor) RealCall.this.client
						.interceptors().get(this.index);
				Response interceptedResponse = interceptor.intercept(chain);
				if (interceptedResponse == null) {
					throw new NullPointerException("application interceptor "
							+ interceptor + " returned null");
				} else {
					return interceptedResponse;
				}
			} else {
				return RealCall.this.getResponse(request, this.forWebSocket);
			}
		}

创建 ApplicationInterceptorChain 的时候第一个参数为0,则this.index==0;

若没有拦截器的话走 else,执行:

return RealCall.this.getResponse(request, this.forWebSocket);

若有1个拦截器的话:

则0<1,回调拦截器中的 intercept 方法。

当我们在拦截器中手动调用 process 后再次回到方法中检查是否有拦截器,此时不满足条件,走 else,最终还是回到了 getResponse 方法。

ApplicationInterceptorChain(int index, Request request,
				boolean forWebSocket) {
			this.index = index;
			this.request = request;
			this.forWebSocket = forWebSocket;
		}

看下我当时用的一个用于获取打印http请求信息的拦截器(包括请求头,body,url等等,直接打印):

/**
 * Created by QHT on 2017-04-05.
 */
public class OK_LoggingInterceptor implements Interceptor{
        @SuppressLint("DefaultLocale")
        @Override
        public Response intercept(Interceptor.Chain chain) throws IOException {
            //这个chain里面包含了request和response,所以你要什么都可以从这里拿
            Request request = chain.request();

            long t1 = System.nanoTime();//请求发起的时间
            LogUtil.e(String.format("发送请求 %s on %s%n%s",
                    request.url(), chain.connection(), request.headers()));
			//自定义拦截器必须执行 proceed 方法,以便继续判断是否还存在拦截器
            Response response = chain.proceed(request);

            long t2 = System.nanoTime();//收到响应的时间

            //这里不能直接使用response.body().string()的方式输出日志
            //因为response.body().string()之后,response中的流会被关闭,程序会报错,我们需要创建出一个新的response给应用层处理
            ResponseBody responseBody = response.peekBody(1024 * 1024);

            LogUtil.e(String.format("接收响应: [%s] %n返回json:【%s】 %.1fms%n%s",
                    response.request().url(),
                    responseBody.string(),
                    (t2 - t1) / 1e6d,
                    response.headers()));

            return response;
        }
}

这个拦截器发送完请求后打印的效果是这样的:


H快递: com.qht.blog2.Net.OK_LoggingInterceptor.intercept(OK_LoggingInterceptor.java:25)
H快递: 发送请求 http://www.kuaidi100.com/query?type=yunda&postid=7700008953907 on null
H快递: com.qht.blog2.Net.OK_LoggingInterceptor.intercept(OK_LoggingInterceptor.java:37)
H快递: 接收响应: [http://www.kuaidi100.com/query?type=yunda&postid=7700008953907]
返回json:【】 370.2ms
Server: nginx
Date: Tue, 13 Jun 2017 15:21:58 GMT
Content-Type: text/html;charset=UTF-8
Transfer-Encoding: chunked
Connection: keep-alive
P3P: CP=“IDC DSP COR ADM DEVi TAIi PSA PSD IVAi IVDi CONi HIS OUR IND CNT”
Cache-Control: no-cache
Vary: Accept-Encoding


在处理完拦截器操作后,就进入到重要的getResponse方法,真正的去进行发送请求,处理请求,接收返回结果。


/**来自RealCall类 */

Response getResponse(Request request, boolean forWebSocket)
			throws IOException {
		RequestBody body = request.body();
		if (body != null) { 
			Builder followUpCount = request.newBuilder();
			MediaType releaseConnection = body.contentType();
			if (releaseConnection != null) {
				followUpCount.header("Content-Type",
						releaseConnection.toString());
			}

			long response = body.contentLength();
			if (response != -1L) {
				followUpCount.header("Content-Length", Long.toString(response));
				followUpCount.removeHeader("Transfer-Encoding");
			} else {
				followUpCount.header("Transfer-Encoding", "chunked");
				followUpCount.removeHeader("Content-Length");
			}

			request = followUpCount.build();
		}
 //新建HttpEngine,用于进行发送请求和读取答复的细节处理
		this.engine = new HttpEngine(this.client, request, false, false,
				forWebSocket, (StreamAllocation) null, (RetryableSink) null,
				(Response) null);
		int arg19 = 0;

		while (!this.canceled) {
			boolean arg20 = true;
			boolean arg14 = false;

			StreamAllocation streamAllocation;
			label173: {
				label172: {
					try {
						HttpEngine followUp;
						try {
							arg14 = true;
							this.engine.sendRequest();
							this.engine.readResponse();
							arg20 = false;
							arg14 = false;
							break label173;
						} catch (RequestException arg15) {
							throw arg15.getCause();
						} catch (RouteException arg16) {
							followUp = this.engine.recover(
									arg16.getLastConnectException(),
									(Sink) null);
							if (followUp == null) {
								throw arg16.getLastConnectException();
							}
						} catch (IOException arg17) {
							followUp = this.engine.recover(arg17, (Sink) null);
							if (followUp != null) {
								arg20 = false;
								this.engine = followUp;
								arg14 = false;
								break label172;
							}

							throw arg17;
						}

						arg20 = false;
						this.engine = followUp;
						arg14 = false;
					} finally {
						if (arg14) {
							if (arg20) {
								StreamAllocation streamAllocation1 = this.engine
										.close();
								streamAllocation1.release();
							}

						}
					}

					if (arg20) {
						streamAllocation = this.engine.close();
						streamAllocation.release();
					}
					continue;
				}

				if (arg20) {
					streamAllocation = this.engine.close();
					streamAllocation.release();
				}
				continue;
			}

			if (arg20) {
				StreamAllocation arg21 = this.engine.close();
				arg21.release();
			}

			Response arg22 = this.engine.getResponse();
			 //得到该请求对应的后续请求,比如重定向之类的
			Request arg23 = this.engine.followUpRequest();
			if (arg23 == null) {
				if (!forWebSocket) {
					this.engine.releaseStreamAllocation();
				}

				return arg22;
			}

			streamAllocation = this.engine.close();
			++arg19;
			if (arg19 > 20) {
				streamAllocation.release();
				throw new ProtocolException("Too many follow-up requests: "
						+ arg19);
			}

			if (!this.engine.sameConnection(arg23.url())) {
				streamAllocation.release();
				streamAllocation = null;
			}

			this.engine = new HttpEngine(this.client, arg23, false, false,
					forWebSocket, streamAllocation, (RetryableSink) null, arg22);
		}

		this.engine.releaseStreamAllocation();
		throw new IOException("Canceled");
	}

没错,就是这么长。
可以看到如果是post请求,先做一定的头部处理,然后新建一个HttpEngine去处理具体的操作,通过sendRequest发送具体请求操作,readResponse对服务器的答复做一定处理,最后得到从服务器返回的Response,讲到这里,我们整个的流程大概疏通了,代码贴了很多,简单的可以用下面一张图概括 :
这里写图片描述

getResponse() 方法的内容还有很多,下篇再分析。

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