1. pthread_key_t
在单线程程序中,我们经常要用到"全局变量"以实现多个函数间共享数据。
在多线程环境下,由于数据空间是共享的,因此全局变量也为所有线程所共有。但有时 应用程序设计中有必要提供线程私有的全局变量,仅在某个线程中有效;
但却可以跨多个函数访问,比如程序可能需要每个线程维护一个链表,而使用相同的函数操 作,最简单的办法就是使用同名而不同变量地址的线程相关数据结构。这样的数据结构可以由Posix线程库维护,称为线程私有数据(Thread- specific Data,或TSD)。详细了解可以参看:http://www.cnblogs.com/godjesse/articles/2429762.html
Libdispatch中提供了四个pthread_key
#libdispatch/src/shims/tsd.c
#include "internal.h"
#if !HAVE_PTHREAD_KEY_INIT_NP
pthread_key_t dispatch_queue_key;
pthread_key_t dispatch_sema4_key;
pthread_key_t dispatch_cache_key;
pthread_key_t dispatch_bcounter_key;
#endif
初始化dispatch时会初始化这写key
libdispatch_init(void)
{
dispatch_assert(DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_COUNT == 3);
dispatch_assert(DISPATCH_ROOT_QUEUE_COUNT == 6);
dispatch_assert(DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_LOW == -DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_HIGH);
dispatch_assert(countof(_dispatch_root_queues) == DISPATCH_ROOT_QUEUE_COUNT);
dispatch_assert(countof(_dispatch_thread_mediator) == DISPATCH_ROOT_QUEUE_COUNT);
dispatch_assert(countof(_dispatch_root_queue_contexts) == DISPATCH_ROOT_QUEUE_COUNT);
_dispatch_thread_key_create(&dispatch_queue_key,
_dispatch_queue_cleanup);
_dispatch_thread_key_create(&dispatch_sema4_key,
(void (*)(void *))dispatch_release); // use the extern release
_dispatch_thread_key_create(&dispatch_cache_key,
_dispatch_cache_cleanup2);
#ifdef DISPATCH_PERF_MON
_dispatch_thread_key_create(&dispatch_bcounter_key, NULL);
#endif
#endif /* HAVE_PTHREAD_KEY_INIT_NP */
_dispatch_thread_setspecific(dispatch_queue_key, &_dispatch_main_q);
_dispatch_queue_set_width_init();
}
这写Key在后面还会多次用到;
_dispatch_thread_key_create调用了pthread_key_create
int pthread_key_create(pthread_key_t *key, void (*destr_function) (void *))
该函数从TSD池中分配一项,将其值赋给key供以后访问使用。如果destr_function不为空,在线程退出(pthread_exit())时将以key所关联的数据为参数调用destr_function(),以释放分配的缓冲区。
不论哪个线程调用pthread_key_create(),所创建的key都是所有线程可访问的,但各个线程可根据自己的需要往key中填入不同的值,这些值特定于线程并且针对每个线程单独维护。这就相当于提供了一个同名而不同值的全局变量。在LinuxThreads的实现中,TSD池用一个结构数组表示:
static struct pthread_key_struct pthread_keys[PTHREAD_KEYS_MAX] = { { 0, NULL } };
值的获取和设置函数如下:
pthread_setspecific
pthread_getspecific
2. 全局队列
struct dispatch_queue_s _dispatch_root_queues[] = {
{
.do_vtable = &_dispatch_queue_root_vtable,
.do_ref_cnt = DISPATCH_OBJECT_GLOBAL_REFCNT,
.do_xref_cnt = DISPATCH_OBJECT_GLOBAL_REFCNT,
.do_suspend_cnt = DISPATCH_OBJECT_SUSPEND_LOCK,
.do_ctxt = &_dispatch_root_queue_contexts[0],
.dq_label = "com.apple.root.low-priority",
.dq_running = 2,
.dq_width = UINT32_MAX,
.dq_serialnum = 4,
},
{
.do_vtable = &_dispatch_queue_root_vtable,
.do_ref_cnt = DISPATCH_OBJECT_GLOBAL_REFCNT,
.do_xref_cnt = DISPATCH_OBJECT_GLOBAL_REFCNT,
.do_suspend_cnt = DISPATCH_OBJECT_SUSPEND_LOCK,
.do_ctxt = &_dispatch_root_queue_contexts[1],
.dq_label = "com.apple.root.low-overcommit-priority",
.dq_running = 2,
.dq_width = UINT32_MAX,
.dq_serialnum = 5,
},
{
.do_vtable = &_dispatch_queue_root_vtable,
.do_ref_cnt = DISPATCH_OBJECT_GLOBAL_REFCNT,
.do_xref_cnt = DISPATCH_OBJECT_GLOBAL_REFCNT,
.do_suspend_cnt = DISPATCH_OBJECT_SUSPEND_LOCK,
.do_ctxt = &_dispatch_root_queue_contexts[2],
.dq_label = "com.apple.root.default-priority",
.dq_running = 2,
.dq_width = UINT32_MAX,
.dq_serialnum = 6,
},
{
.do_vtable = &_dispatch_queue_root_vtable,
.do_ref_cnt = DISPATCH_OBJECT_GLOBAL_REFCNT,
.do_xref_cnt = DISPATCH_OBJECT_GLOBAL_REFCNT,
.do_suspend_cnt = DISPATCH_OBJECT_SUSPEND_LOCK,
.do_ctxt = &_dispatch_root_queue_contexts[3],
.dq_label = "com.apple.root.default-overcommit-priority",
.dq_running = 2,
.dq_width = UINT32_MAX,
.dq_serialnum = 7,
},
{
.do_vtable = &_dispatch_queue_root_vtable,
.do_ref_cnt = DISPATCH_OBJECT_GLOBAL_REFCNT,
.do_xref_cnt = DISPATCH_OBJECT_GLOBAL_REFCNT,
.do_suspend_cnt = DISPATCH_OBJECT_SUSPEND_LOCK,
.do_ctxt = &_dispatch_root_queue_contexts[4],
.dq_label = "com.apple.root.high-priority",
.dq_running = 2,
.dq_width = UINT32_MAX,
.dq_serialnum = 8,
},
{
.do_vtable = &_dispatch_queue_root_vtable,
.do_ref_cnt = DISPATCH_OBJECT_GLOBAL_REFCNT,
.do_xref_cnt = DISPATCH_OBJECT_GLOBAL_REFCNT,
.do_suspend_cnt = DISPATCH_OBJECT_SUSPEND_LOCK,
.do_ctxt = &_dispatch_root_queue_contexts[5],
.dq_label = "com.apple.root.high-overcommit-priority",
.dq_running = 2,
.dq_width = UINT32_MAX,
.dq_serialnum = 9,
},
};
struct dispatch_queue_s _dispatch_main_q = {
.do_vtable = &_dispatch_queue_vtable,
.do_ref_cnt = DISPATCH_OBJECT_GLOBAL_REFCNT,
.do_xref_cnt = DISPATCH_OBJECT_GLOBAL_REFCNT,
.do_suspend_cnt = DISPATCH_OBJECT_SUSPEND_LOCK,
.do_targetq = &_dispatch_root_queues[DISPATCH_ROOT_QUEUE_COUNT / 2],
.dq_label = "com.apple.main-thread",
.dq_running = 1,
.dq_width = 1,
.dq_serialnum = 1,
};
libDispatch定义了这么几个队列,结构的描述参看 libdispatch之object
2.1. Root Queue
_dispatch_root_queues 定义了6个队列,根据3个优先级和是否overCommit分类;
下面是优先级的分类:
enum {
DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_HIGH = 2,
DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_DEFAULT = 0,
DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_LOW = -2,
};
真正用做主Queue的是非overCommit的三个队列;
overCommit这个 目前我的理解是用作其他队列的目标队列;
这6个队列从结构上来看,仅有的一些不同,在于dq_label,dq_serialnum这两个都是一些门面。而稍微有点不同的是do_ctxt
定义了6个_dispatch_root_queue_contexts; 序列上一一对应;
static struct dispatch_root_queue_context_s _dispatch_root_queue_contexts[] = {
{
.dgq_thread_mediator = &_dispatch_thread_mediator[0],
.dgq_thread_pool_size = MAX_THREAD_COUNT,
},
{
.dgq_thread_mediator = &_dispatch_thread_mediator[1],
.dgq_thread_pool_size = MAX_THREAD_COUNT,
},
{
.dgq_thread_mediator = &_dispatch_thread_mediator[2],
.dgq_thread_pool_size = MAX_THREAD_COUNT,
},
{
.dgq_thread_mediator = &_dispatch_thread_mediator[3],
.dgq_thread_pool_size = MAX_THREAD_COUNT,
},
{
.dgq_thread_mediator = &_dispatch_thread_mediator[4],
.dgq_thread_pool_size = MAX_THREAD_COUNT,
},
{
.dgq_thread_mediator = &_dispatch_thread_mediator[5],
.dgq_thread_pool_size = MAX_THREAD_COUNT,
},
};
static struct dispatch_semaphore_s _dispatch_thread_mediator[] = {
{
.do_vtable = &_dispatch_semaphore_vtable,
.do_ref_cnt = DISPATCH_OBJECT_GLOBAL_REFCNT,
.do_xref_cnt = DISPATCH_OBJECT_GLOBAL_REFCNT,
},
{
.do_vtable = &_dispatch_semaphore_vtable,
.do_ref_cnt = DISPATCH_OBJECT_GLOBAL_REFCNT,
.do_xref_cnt = DISPATCH_OBJECT_GLOBAL_REFCNT,
},
{
.do_vtable = &_dispatch_semaphore_vtable,
.do_ref_cnt = DISPATCH_OBJECT_GLOBAL_REFCNT,
.do_xref_cnt = DISPATCH_OBJECT_GLOBAL_REFCNT,
},
{
.do_vtable = &_dispatch_semaphore_vtable,
.do_ref_cnt = DISPATCH_OBJECT_GLOBAL_REFCNT,
.do_xref_cnt = DISPATCH_OBJECT_GLOBAL_REFCNT,
},
{
.do_vtable = &_dispatch_semaphore_vtable,
.do_ref_cnt = DISPATCH_OBJECT_GLOBAL_REFCNT,
.do_xref_cnt = DISPATCH_OBJECT_GLOBAL_REFCNT,
},
{
.do_vtable = &_dispatch_semaphore_vtable,
.do_ref_cnt = DISPATCH_OBJECT_GLOBAL_REFCNT,
.do_xref_cnt = DISPATCH_OBJECT_GLOBAL_REFCNT,
},
};
但如果再往下深究,会发现_dispatch_root_queue_contexts中的_dispatch_thread_mediator其实全都是一样的;
所以归根到底,从结构上来看这6个队列是相同的;而真正的不同,只是用途上不同。
这里面最重要的一个数据结构是:vtable
首先是root_queue_table;
static const struct dispatch_queue_vtable_s _dispatch_queue_root_vtable = {
.do_type = DISPATCH_QUEUE_GLOBAL_TYPE,
.do_kind = "global-queue",
.do_debug = dispatch_queue_debug,
.do_probe = _dispatch_queue_wakeup_global,
};
在之后的调度过程中,这个vtable会指引你应该调用哪个函数方法;这就相当于C++中,虚接口和实现类之间的关系;vtable是一个虚接口,至于其抽象的方法如何调用,这个就交给你继承类去定义自己的行为。
接下来是root_queue->_dispatch_root_queue_contexts->_dispatch_thread_mediator->_dispatch_semaphore_vtable
const struct dispatch_semaphore_vtable_s _dispatch_semaphore_vtable = {
.do_type = DISPATCH_SEMAPHORE_TYPE,
.do_kind = "semaphore",
.do_dispose = _dispatch_semaphore_dispose,
.do_debug = _dispatch_semaphore_debug,
};
总之在 object Union模式下,一定要注意不同结构的vtable;这个是队列和任务调度的关键所在;
2.2. main_queue
目前在我们系统移植的这部分代码中,main_queue这个并没有用到;
按照apple的libdispatch描述,main_queue应该是跟ui线程关联的;
这里给出其结构和vtable;
static const struct dispatch_queue_vtable_s _dispatch_queue_vtable = {
.do_type = DISPATCH_QUEUE_TYPE,
.do_kind = "queue",
.do_dispose = _dispatch_queue_dispose,
.do_invoke = (void *)dummy_function_r0,
.do_probe = (void *)dummy_function_r0,
.do_debug = dispatch_queue_debug,
};
struct dispatch_queue_s _dispatch_main_q = {
.do_vtable = &_dispatch_queue_vtable,
.do_ref_cnt = DISPATCH_OBJECT_GLOBAL_REFCNT,
.do_xref_cnt = DISPATCH_OBJECT_GLOBAL_REFCNT,
.do_suspend_cnt = DISPATCH_OBJECT_SUSPEND_LOCK,
.do_targetq = &_dispatch_root_queues[DISPATCH_ROOT_QUEUE_COUNT / 2],
.dq_label = "com.apple.main-thread",
.dq_running = 1,
.dq_width = 1,
.dq_serialnum = 1,
};
初始化中,dq_running, dq_width。以及dq_serialnum都是1。
表明每次运行中只能有一个任务在运行。