项目开发：SSH 之“department”模块从零开发
前言：
怎么从零开始做一个模块？ 只给你需求，用编程语言去实现，这就是现实的公司要求的基本功。
今天小编就对项目中的一个模块“部门管理”来对SSH框架怎么用，进行一个summary，手把手的进行一个总结。
步骤：
一、设计
1，设计实体（pojo或domain）/建表
2，分析该“department” 模块有几个功能，对应的几个请求。
3，功能的实现：
（1）写Action类，写Action中的方法，确定Service中的方法
（2）写Service，ServiceImple中方法，确定DAO中方法
（3）写Dao和DaoImpl层方法（如果有了BaseDao则让Dao继承BaseDao）
（4）最后写页面，写jsp，页面写完了，增删改查也就完成了，进行测试一下就OK。
二、具体的代码实现：
1,设计实体/ 建立department表（以ID，name,description三个字段为例）
package cn.itcast.oa.domain;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Set;
/**
* 部门 *
* @author DanielStark *
*/
public class Department {
private Long id;
private Set<User> users = new HashSet<User>();
private Department parent;
private Set<Department> children = new HashSet<Department>();
private String name;
private String description;
public Long getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(Long id) {
this.id = id;
}
public Set<User> getUsers() {
return users;
}
public void setUsers(Set<User> users) {
this.users = users;
}
public Department getParent() {
return parent;
}
public void setParent(Department parent) {
this.parent = parent;
}
public Set<Department> getChildren() {
return children;
}
public void setChildren(Set<Department> children) {
this.children = children;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getDescription() {
return description;
}
public void setDescription(String description) {
this.description = description;
}
}
2,写Department.hbm.xml映射文件
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping package="cn.itcast.oa.domain">
<class name="Department" table="itcast_department">
<id name="id">
<generator class="native" />
</id>
<property name="name" />
<property name="description" />
<!-- users属性，本类与User的一对多 -->
<set name="users">
<key column="departmentId"></key>
<one-to-many class="User" />
</set>
<!-- parent属性，本类与Department（上级）的多对一 -->
<many-to-one name="parent" class="Department" column="parentId"></many-to-one>
<!-- children属性，本类与Department（下级）的一对多 -->
<set name="children">
<key column="parentId"></key>
<one-to-many class="Department" />
</set>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
3，将映射文件进行配置：
4，建立连接数据库的jdbc.properties文件；和
jdbcUrl = jdbc:mysql://192.168.21.51:3306/itcastoa0720
driverClass = com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
user = root
password = 1
#jdbcUrl = jdbc:mysql://localhost:8081/itcastoa0720
5，日志log4J.properties.xml文件；
### direct log messages to stdout ###
log4j.appender.stdout=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender
log4j.appender.stdout.Target=System.out
log4j.appender.stdout.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.stdout.layout.ConversionPattern=%d{ABSOLUTE} %5p %c{1}:%L - %m%n
### direct messages to file hibernate.log ###
#log4j.appender.file=org.apache.log4j.FileAppender
#log4j.appender.file.File=hibernate.log
#log4j.appender.file.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
#log4j.appender.file.layout.ConversionPattern=%d{ABSOLUTE} %5p %c{1}:%L - %m%n
### set log levels - for more verbose logging change 'info' to 'debug' ###
log4j.rootLogger=error, stdout
#log4j.logger.org.hibernate=info
#log4j.logger.org.hibernate=debug
log4j.logger.cn.itcast.oa=debug
6，spring文件applicationContext.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd">
<!-- 自动扫描与装配bean -->
<context:component-scan base-package="cn.itcast.oa"/>
<!-- 导入外部的properties文件 -->
<context:property-placeholder location="classpath:jdbc.properties"/>
<!-- 配置SessionFactory -->
<bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
<!-- 指定hibernate的配置文件位置 -->
<property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml"></property>
<!-- 配置c3p0数据库连接池 -->
<property name="dataSource">
<bean class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource">
<!-- 数据连接信息 -->
<property name="jdbcUrl" value="${jdbcUrl}"></property>
<property name="driverClass" value="${driverClass}"></property>
<property name="user" value="${user}"></property>
<property name="password" value="${password}"></property>
<!-- 其他配置 -->
<!--初始化时获取三个连接，取值应在minPoolSize与maxPoolSize之间。Default: 3 -->
<property name="initialPoolSize" value="3"></property>
<!--连接池中保留的最小连接数。Default: 3 -->
<property name="minPoolSize" value="3"></property>
<!--连接池中保留的最大连接数。Default: 15 -->
<property name="maxPoolSize" value="5"></property>
<!--当连接池中的连接耗尽的时候c3p0一次同时获取的连接数。Default: 3 -->
<property name="acquireIncrement" value="3"></property>
<!-- 控制数据源内加载的PreparedStatements数量。如果maxStatements与maxStatementsPerConnection均为0，则缓存被关闭。Default: 0 -->
<property name="maxStatements" value="8"></property>
<!--maxStatementsPerConnection定义了连接池内单个连接所拥有的最大缓存statements数。Default: 0 -->
<property name="maxStatementsPerConnection" value="5"></property>
<!--最大空闲时间,1800秒内未使用则连接被丢弃。若为0则永不丢弃。Default: 0 -->
<property name="maxIdleTime" value="1800"></property>
</bean>
</property>
</bean>
<!-- 配置声明式事务管理（采用注解的方式） -->
<bean id="txManager" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
<property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory"></property>
</bean>
<tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="txManager"/>
</beans>
7，Struts.xml文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN"
"http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd">
<struts>
<!-- 配置为开发模式 -->
<constant name="struts.devMode" value="true" />
<!-- 把扩展名配置为action -->
<constant name="struts.action.extension" value="action" />
<!-- 把主题配置为simple -->
<constant name="struts.ui.theme" value="simple" />
<package name="default" namespace="/" extends="struts-default">
<!-- 配置测试用的Action，未与Spring整合，class属性写类的全名 -->
<!-- 当Struts2与Spring整合后，class属性可以写bean的名称 -->
<action name="test" class="testAction">
<result name="success">/test.jsp</result>
</action>
<!-- 岗位管理 -->
<action name="role_*" class="roleAction" method="{1}">
<result name="list">/WEB-INF/jsp/roleAction/list.jsp</result>
<result name="saveUI">/WEB-INF/jsp/roleAction/saveUI.jsp</result>
<!-- <result name="addUI">/WEB-INF/jsp/roleAction/addUI.jsp</result>
<result name="editUI">/WEB-INF/jsp/roleAction/editUI.jsp</result> -->
<result name="toList" type="redirectAction">role_list</result>
</action>
<!-- 部门管理 -->
<action name="department_*" class="departmentAction" method="{1}">
<result name="list">/WEB-INF/jsp/departmentAction/list.jsp</result>
<result name="saveUI">/WEB-INF/jsp/departmentAction/saveUI.jsp</result>
<result name="toList" type="redirectAction">department_list</result>
</action>
</package>
<!-- Add packages here -->
</struts>
8，建表：testsessionFactory就行
单独建立一个test文件夹进行单独的测试用。
// 测试SessionFactory
@Test
public void testSessionFactory() throws Exception {
SessionFactory sessionFactory = (SessionFactory) ac.getBean("sessionFactory");
System.out.println(sessionFactory);
}
运行sessionFactory之后表自动就出来了如下：
三、分析有几个功能，请求
比如增删改查方法，分析并先写好方法名，返回值，对应页面名称统一下来。
四，底层代码实现
1，写Action中方法，确定Service方法
package cn.itcast.oa.view.action;
import java.util.List;
import javax.annotation.Resource;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Scope;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import cn.itcast.oa.domain.Department;
import cn.itcast.oa.domain.Role;
import cn.itcast.oa.service.DepartmentService;
import cn.itcast.oa.service.RoleService;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionContext;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ModelDriven;
@Controller//这两个注入的目的是要找到Struts里面的bean---2017-5-12 22:18:45
@Scope("prototype")
//public class DepartmentAction extends ActionSupport implements ModelDriven<Department>{
public class DepartmentAction extends ActionSupport implements ModelDriven<Department>{
//ModelDriven用于封装表达当中传过来的参数
@Resource
private DepartmentService departmentService;
// private Long id;
// private String name;
// private String description;
private Department model = new Department();
public Department getModel() {
return model;
}
/*列表*/
public String list()throws Exception{
List<Department>departmentList=departmentService.findAll();
ActionContext.getContext().put("departmentList",departmentList);
return "list";
}
/*增加*/
public String add()throws Exception{
departmentService.save(model);
return "toList";
}
/*增加页面*/
public String addUI() throws Exception{
return "saveUI";
}
/*删除*/
public String delete() throws Exception{
departmentService.delete(model.getId());
return "toList";
}
/*修改*/
public String edit() throws Exception {
// 1，从数据库中获得原对象
Department department = departmentService.getById(model.getId());
// 2，设置要修改的属性
department.setName(model.getName());
department.setDescription(model.getDescription());
// 3，更新到数据库中
departmentService.update(department);
return "toList";
}
/*修改页面*/
public String editUI()throws Exception{
//准备回显数据
//取车要回显的数据
Department department=departmentService.getById(model.getId());
//将取出来的数据放入栈顶就能进行回显
ActionContext.getContext().getValueStack().push(department);
return "saveUI";
}
}
2，service层代码：
package cn.itcast.oa.service;
import java.util.List;
import cn.itcast.oa.domain.Department;
public interface DepartmentService{
// 查询所有
List<Department> findAll();
void delete(Long id);
void save(Department role);
Department getById(Long id);
void update(Department role);
}
3，ServiceImpl代码：
package cn.itcast.oa.service.impl;
import java.util.List;
import javax.annotation.Resource;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;
import cn.itcast.oa.dao.DepartmentDao;
import cn.itcast.oa.domain.Department;
import cn.itcast.oa.service.DepartmentService;
@Service //注入spring，交给容器管理
@Transactional //事物管理
public class DepartmentServiceImpl implements DepartmentService{
@Resource
private DepartmentDao departmentDao;
public List<Department> findAll() {
return departmentDao.findAll();
}
public void delete(Long id) {
departmentDao.delete(id);
}
public void save(Department department) {
departmentDao.save(department);
}
public Department getById(Long id) {
return departmentDao.getById(id);
}
public void update(Department department) {
departmentDao.update(department);
}
}
4，写Dao层：
package cn.itcast.oa.dao;
import cn.itcast.oa.base.BaseDao;
import cn.itcast.oa.domain.Department;
public interface DepartmentDao extends BaseDao<Department>{
}
5，DaoImpl层代码：
package cn.itcast.oa.dao.impl;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
import cn.itcast.oa.base.BaseDaoImpl;
import cn.itcast.oa.dao.DepartmentDao;
import cn.itcast.oa.domain.Department;
@Repository//注解，交给容器管理
public class DepartmentDaoImpl extends BaseDaoImpl<Department> implements
DepartmentDao {
}
6，Dao可以继承Base，BaseDao代码如下：
package cn.itcast.oa.base;
import java.util.List;
public interface BaseDao<T> {
/**
* 保存实体
*
* @param entity
*/
void save(T entity);
/**
* 删除实体
*
* @param id
*/
void delete(Long id);
/**
* 更新实体
*
* @param entity
*/
void update(T entity);
/**
* 按id查询
*
* @param id
* @return
*/
T getById(Long id);
/**
* 按id查询
*
* @param ids
* @return
*/
List<T> getByIds(Long[] ids);
/**
* 查询所有
*
* @return
*/
List<T> findAll();
}
7，BaseDaoImpl层代码：
package cn.itcast.oa.base;
import java.lang.reflect.ParameterizedType;
import java.util.List;
import javax.annotation.Resource;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public abstract class BaseDaoImpl<T> implements BaseDao<T> {
@Resource
private SessionFactory sessionFactory;
private Class<T> clazz;
public BaseDaoImpl() {
// 使用反射技术得到T的真实类型
ParameterizedType pt = (ParameterizedType) this.getClass().getGenericSuperclass(); // 获取当前new的对象的 泛型的父类 类型
this.clazz = (Class<T>) pt.getActualTypeArguments()[0]; // 获取第一个类型参数的真实类型
System.out.println("clazz ---> " + clazz);
}
/**
* 获取当前可用的Session
*
* @return
*/
protected Session getSession() {
return sessionFactory.getCurrentSession();
}
public void save(T entity) {
getSession().save(entity);
}
public void update(T entity) {
getSession().update(entity);
}
public void delete(Long id) {
Object obj = getById(id);
if (obj != null) {
getSession().delete(obj);
}
}
public T getById(Long id) {
return (T) getSession().get(clazz, id);
}
public List<T> getByIds(Long[] ids) {
return getSession().createQuery(//
"FROM User WHERE id IN (:ids)")//
.setParameterList("ids", ids)//
.list();
}
public List<T> findAll() {
return getSession().createQuery(//
"FROM " + clazz.getSimpleName())//
.list();
}
}
五、前台页面
1，list.jsp代码：
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="utf-8"%>
<%@ taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>部门列表</title>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
<script language="javascript" src="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/script/jquery.js"></script>
<script language="javascript" src="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/script/pageCommon.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
<script language="javascript" src="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/script/PageUtils.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
<link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/style/blue/pageCommon.css" />
<script type="text/javascript">
</script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="Title_bar">
<div id="Title_bar_Head">
<div id="Title_Head"></div>
<div id="Title"><!--页面标题-->
<img border="0" width="13" height="13" src="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/style/images/title_arrow.gif"/> 部门管理
</div>
<div id="Title_End"></div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="MainArea">
<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="TableStyle">
<!-- 表头-->
<thead>
<tr align=center valign=middle id=TableTitle>
<td width="150px">部门名称</td>
<td width="150px">上级部门名称</td>
<td width="200px">职能说明</td>
<td>相关操作</td>
</tr>
</thead>
<!--显示数据列表-->
<tbody id="TableData" class="dataContainer" datakey="departmentList">
<s:iterator value="#departmentList">
<tr class="TableDetail1 template">
<td>${name} </td>
<td>${parent.name} </td>
<td>${description} </td>
<td>
<s:a action="department_delete?id=%{id}" οnclick="return window.confirm('这将删除所有的下级部门，您确定要删除吗？')">删除</s:a>
<s:a action="department_editUI?id=%{id}">修改</s:a>
</td>
</tr>
</s:iterator>
</tbody>
</table>
<!-- 其他功能超链接 -->
<div id="TableTail">
<div id="TableTail_inside">
<s:a action="department_addUI"><img src="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/style/images/createNew.png" /></s:a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!--说明-->
<div id="Description">
说明：<br />
1，列表页面只显示一层的（同级的）部门数据，默认显示最顶级的部门列表。<br />
2，点击部门名称，可以查看此部门相应的下级部门列表。<br />
3，删除部门时，同时删除此部门的所有下级部门。
</div>
</body>
</html>
2，saveUI.jsp代码：
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="utf-8"%>
<%@ taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>部门设置</title>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
<script language="javascript" src="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/script/jquery.js"></script>
<script language="javascript" src="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/script/pageCommon.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
<script language="javascript" src="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/script/PageUtils.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
<link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/style/blue/pageCommon.css" />
</head>
<body>
<!-- 标题显示 -->
<div id="Title_bar">
<div id="Title_bar_Head">
<div id="Title_Head"></div>
<div id="Title"><!--页面标题-->
<img border="0" width="13" height="13" src="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/style/images/title_arrow.gif"/> 部门信息
</div>
<div id="Title_End"></div>
</div>
</div>
<!--显示表单内容-->
<div id=MainArea>
<s:form action="department_%{id == null ? 'add' : 'edit'}">
<s:hidden name="id"></s:hidden>
<div class="ItemBlock_Title1"><!-- 信息说明<DIV CLASS="ItemBlock_Title1">
<IMG BORDER="0" WIDTH="4" HEIGHT="7" SRC="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/style/blue/images/item_point.gif" /> 部门信息 </DIV> -->
</div>
<!-- 表单内容显示 -->
<div class="ItemBlockBorder">
<div class="ItemBlock">
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="mainForm">
<tr><td width="100">上级部门</td>
<td><select name="parentId" class="SelectStyle">
<option value="">请选择部门</option>
<option value="7">┠总经理室</option>
<option value="1">┠市场部</option>
<option value="2"> ┠咨询部</option>
<option value="3"> ┠招生部</option>
<option value="4">┠教学部</option>
<option value="5">┠后勤部</option>
</select>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>部门名称</td>
<td><s:textfield name="name" cssClass="InputStyle"/> *</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>职能说明</td>
<td><s:textarea name="description" cssClass="TextareaStyle"></s:textarea></td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
<!-- 表单操作 -->
<div id="InputDetailBar">
<input type="image" src="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/style/images/save.png"/>
<a href="javascript:history.go(-1);"><img src="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/style/images/goBack.png"/></a>
</div>
</s:form>
</div>
<div class="Description">
说明：<br />
1，上级部门的列表是有层次结构的（树形）。<br/>
2，如果是修改：上级部门列表中不能显示当前修改的部门及其子孙部门。因为不能选择自已或自已的子部门作为上级部门。<br />
</div>
</body>
</html>
测试：
运行服务器tomcat，输入访问地址：http://localhost:8081/ItcastOA/department_list.action
页面显示出来结果如下：
总结：
在公司中是只给需求，要求实现模块，分析出主线之后，接下了就是自己编码，上面就是一个非常有代表性的例子，一条线从前台到后台所有让整个系统运行起来的编码设计原则，代码，希望对您有用。编程技术之路，有趣、好玩，分享+。
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