python基础-面向对像、类名\实例调用、__init__函数、类名\实例增删改查属性

利用函数来引入面向对象

在了解python面向对象概念，我们先用函数来实现

# #方法方式定义类
def Dog():
    def bite(person):
        person["total"]-=5

    dog = {
        "name":"alpha",
        "total":100,
        "bite":bite
    }
    return dog

def Person():
    def stack(dog):
        dog["total"]-=5

    person = {
        "name":"safly",
        "total":100,
        "stack":stack
    }
    return person

dog = Dog()
person = Person()
person["stack"](dog)
print(dog)
print(person)

输出如下：

E:\python\python_sdk\python.exe E:/python/py_pro/safly.py
{'name': 'alpha', 'total': 95, 'bite': <function Dog.<locals>.bite at 0x007F1810>}
{'name': 'safly', 'total': 100, 'stack': <function Person.<locals>.stack at 0x007F17C8>}

Process finished with exit code 0

面向对象（类名调用）

#类定义
class Person:
    def walk(self):
        print("self",self)
        print("walk")

    country = "中国"
    mWalk = walk

#获取属性2种方法
print(Person.country)
print(Person.__dict__["country"])
#调用方法
print(Person.walk)
#如下错误missing 1 required positional argument: 'self'
# print(Person.walk())
Person.walk(1)
Person.mWalk("mmmmm")


#通过如下的方式修改
Person.country = "美国"
print(Person.country)
#不能修改__dict__
# Person.__dict__["country"] = "美国"
# print(Person.__dict__["country"])

#直接添加属性
Person.role = "人"
print(Person.role)

# 删除属性
del Person.role
# print(Person.role)

输出如下：

E:\python\python_sdk\python.exe E:/python/py_pro/safly.py
中国
中国
<function Person.walk at 0x036817C8>
self 1
walk
self mmmmm
walk
美国
人

Process finished with exit code 0

1、类名.静态属性
2、类名.方法（self） 必须传参数！！！
否则TypeError: walk() missing 1 required positional argument: ‘self’

类调用的一些迷惑用法

def method():
    print("out method")

class Animal():
    name = "animal"
    method = method
    def method1(self, a):
        print("method1",a)
    def method2(a):
        print("method2", a)

a = Animal()
print(a.method1(1))
print("--------")
#如下方式不行
# a.method()
#如下方式也不行
# a.method2(2)
#如下可以调用类外函数
Animal.method()
print("--------")
Animal.method2(111)
print("--------")
Animal.method1(Animal,333)
print("--------")
Animal.method1(a,333)

输出如下：

E:\python\python_sdk\python.exe E:/python/py_pro/python.py
method1 1
None
--------
out method
--------
method2 111
--------
method1 333
--------
method1 333

Process finished with exit code 0

面向对象（实例调用）

# #类定义
class Person:
    #动态属性、函数属性、方法
    def walk(self):
        print(self)
        print("walk")
    # 静态属性(数据属性)
    country = "中国"
    mWalk = walk

p = Person()
print(p.country)

p.walk()
p.mWalk()

p.role = "driver"
print(p.role)

# 如下2种报错！！！！！！！！！！
# p.mWalk(33)
# p.walk("呵呵")

输出如下：

E:\python\python_sdk\python.exe E:/python/py_pro/safly.py
中国
<__main__.Person object at 0x00B32270>
walk
<__main__.Person object at 0x00B32270>
walk
driver

Process finished with exit code 0

实例.方法（self） 不需要传递参数

面向对象（_init_）

class Person:
    #动态属性、函数属性、方法
    def walk(self):
        print(self)
        print("walk")

    # 静态属性(数据属性)
    country = "中国"
    mWalk = walk
    #添加属性返回初始化对象
    def __init__(self):
        #内存地址
        print(id(self))
        print("init")

    #把上面的无参__init__覆盖了，使用如下的初始函数
    def __init__(self,name):
        #内存地址
        self.name = name
        print(id(self))
        print("self",self)
        print("init",name)

#init会被覆盖，看执行顺序！！！！！
p = Person("saly")
# 以下报错
# p = Person()
# 内存地址
print(id(p))
print(p.__dict__)

输出如下：

E:\python\python_sdk\python.exe E:/python/py_pro/safly.py
11740496
self <__main__.Person object at 0x00B32550>
init saly
11740496
{'name': 'saly'}

Process finished with exit code 0

再来看_init_的代码

class Person:
    def __init__(self,name):
       self.name = name
       print(id(self),self)

    def walk(self):
        print(id(self), self)
        print("walk",self.name)


p = Person("safly")

Person.__init__(p,"rrr")
print(p.__dict__)

print("------------")
#走__init__函数
p = Person("safly")
p.walk()

print("------------")
p = Person("safly")
Person.walk(p)
#报错么有该属性
# Person.walk(11)

输出如下：

E:\python\python_sdk\python.exe E:/python/py_pro/safly.py
46015088 <__main__.Person object at 0x02BE2270>
46015088 <__main__.Person object at 0x02BE2270>
{'name': 'rrr'}
------------
46015856 <__main__.Person object at 0x02BE2570>
46015856 <__main__.Person object at 0x02BE2570>
walk safly
------------
46015952 <__main__.Person object at 0x02BE25D0>
46015952 <__main__.Person object at 0x02BE25D0>
walk safly

Process finished with exit code 0

如下也是构造对象的另外方式

#构造对象
class Person:
    def __init__(self, name):
        print(self,name)
        self.name = name
        return self

p = Person.__init__(Person,"ddd")
print(p.name)

输出如下：

E:\python\python_sdk\python.exe E:/python/py_pro/safly.py
<class '__main__.Person'> ddd
ddd

Process finished with exit code 0

对象属性的增删改查2种方式

通过实例.dict进行增删改查
或者实例.属性方法实现

class Person:
    #动态属性、函数属性、方法
    def walk(self):
        print("walk")

    # 静态属性(数据属性)
    country = "中国"

    def __init__(self,name):
        #内存地址
        self.name = name

p = Person("saly")
#修改
print(p.__dict__["name"])
p.__dict__["name"] = "aaa"
print(p.__dict__)
#添加
p.__dict__["sex"] = "nv"
print(p.__dict__)

#删除
p.__dict__.pop("sex")
print(p.__dict__)

#添加新方式
p.sex = "nv"
print(p.sex)
print(p.__dict__)
p.sex = "nan"
print(p.sex)
print(p.__dict__)
#删除
del p.sex
print(p.__dict__)

输出如下：

E:\python\python_sdk\python.exe E:/python/py_pro/safly.py
saly
{'name': 'aaa'}
{'name': 'aaa', 'sex': 'nv'}
{'name': 'aaa'}
nv
{'name': 'aaa', 'sex': 'nv'}
nan
{'name': 'aaa', 'sex': 'nan'}
{'name': 'aaa'}

Process finished with exit code 0

练习demo

#人类 ：
# 属性 ：life_value,aggr,name,job
# 方法： attack
class Person:
    def __init__(self,life_value,aggr,name,job):
        self.life = life_value
        self.aggressive = aggr
        self.name = name
        self.job = job

    def attack(self,dog_obj):   #boss_gold,tiedan
        print('%s 攻击了 %s'%(self.name,dog_obj.name))
        dog_obj.life = dog_obj.life - self.aggressive

#狗类:
# 属性：life_value,aggr,name,kind
# 方法：bite
class Dog:
    def __init__(self,life_value,aggr,name,kind):
        self.life = life_value
        self.aggressive = aggr
        self.name = name
        self.kind = kind

    def bite(self,person_obj):
        print('%s 咬了 %s' % (self.name, person_obj.name))
        person_obj.life -= self.aggressive


tiedan = Dog(1000,100,'铁蛋','土狗')
boss_gold = Person(100,2.5,'太黑','old_driver')
boss_gold.attack(tiedan)  #Person.attack(boss_gold,tiedan)
print(tiedan.life)

输出如下：

E:\python\python_sdk\python.exe "E:/python/py_pro/5. 面向对象交互.py"
太黑 攻击了 铁蛋
997.5

Process finished with exit code 0