JAVA线程间协作:Condition

欢迎支持笔者新作:《深入理解Kafka:核心设计与实践原理》和《RabbitMQ实战指南》,同时欢迎关注笔者的微信公众号:朱小厮的博客。

欢迎跳转到本文的原文链接:https://honeypps.com/java/java-multi-thread-of-condition/

    内置条件队列存在一些缺陷。每个内置锁都只能有一个相关联的条件队列,因而在像BounderBuffer这种类中,多个线程可能在同一个条件队列上等待不同的条件谓词,并且在最常见的加锁模式下公开条件队列对象。这些因素都使得无法满足在使用notifyAll时所有等待线程为统一类型的需求。如果想编写一个带有多个条件谓词的并发对象,或者想获得除了条件队列可见性之外的更多控制权,就可以使用显示的Lock和Condition而不是内置锁和条件队列,这是一种更灵活的选择。

    一个Condition和一个Lock关联在一起,就想一个条件队列和一个内置锁相关联一样。要创建一个Condition,可以在相关联的Lock上调用Lock.newCondition方法。正如Lock比内置加锁提供了更为丰富的功能,Condition同样比内置条件队列提供了更丰富的功能:在每个锁上可存在多个等待、条件等待可以是可中断的或者不可中断的、基于时限的等待,以及公平的或非公平的队列操作。

    与内置条件队列不同的是,对于每个Lock,可以有任意数量的Condition对象。Condition对象继承了相关的Lock对象的公平性,对于公平的锁,线程会依照FIFO顺序从Condition.await中释放。

Condition接口:

 

public interface Condition{
    void await() throws InterruptedException;
    boolean await(long time, TimeUnit unit) throws InterruptedException;
    long awaitNanos(long nanosTimeout) throws InterruptedException;
    void awaitUniterruptibly();
    boolean awaitUntil(Date deadline) throws InterruptedException;
    void signal();
    void signalAll();
}

    注意:在Condition对象中,与wait,notify和notifyAll方法对于的分别是await,signal,signalAll。但是,Condition对Object进行了扩展,因而它也包含wait和notify方法。一定要确保使用的版本——await和signal.
官方使用方法如下:

class BoundedBuffer
{
    final Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
    final Condition notFull = lock.newCondition();
    final Condition notEmpty = lock.newCondition();

    final Object[] items = new Object[100];
    int putptr, takeptr, count;

    public void put(Object x) throws InterruptedException
    {
        lock.lock();
        try
        {
            while (count == items.length)
                notFull.await();
            items[putptr] = x;
            if (++putptr == items.length)
                putptr = 0;
            ++count;
            notEmpty.signal();
        }
        finally
        {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }

    public Object take() throws InterruptedException
    {
        lock.lock();
        try
        {
            while (count == 0)
                notEmpty.await();
            Object x = items[takeptr];
            if (++takeptr == items.length)
                takeptr = 0;
            --count;
            notFull.signal();
            return x;
        }
        finally
        {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }
}

    或者通过一个实际的例子来解释Condition的用法:
    我们要打印1-9这0个数字,由A线程先打印1-3,然后由B线程打印4-6,然后再由A线程打印7-9.我们采用Condition来演示解决方法:

package com.cooperation;

import java.util.concurrent.locks.Condition;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;

public class TestCondition
{
    private static int value = 1;
    private Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
    private Condition Condition456 = lock.newCondition();
    private Condition Condition789 = lock.newCondition();

    class ThreadA implements Runnable{
        @Override
        public void run()
        {
            try
            {
                lock.lock();
                System.out.println("首先输出1-3");
                while(value<=3)
                {
                    System.out.println(value++);
                }
                Condition456.signal();
            }
            finally
            {
                lock.unlock();
            }

            try
            {
                lock.lock();
                while(value<=6)
                {
                    Condition789.await();
                }
                System.out.println("输出7-9");
                while(value<=9)
                {
                    System.out.println(value++);
                }
            }
            catch (InterruptedException e)
            {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            finally
            {
                lock.unlock();
            }

        }
    }

    class ThreadB implements Runnable{
        @Override
        public void run()
        {
            try
            {
                lock.lock();
                while(value<=3)
                {
                    Condition456.await();
                }
            }
            catch (InterruptedException e)
            {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            finally{
                lock.unlock();
            }

            try{
                lock.lock();
                System.out.println("输出4-6");
                while(value<=6)
                {
                    System.out.println(value++);
                }
                Condition789.signal();
            }
            finally
            {
                lock.unlock();
            }
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        TestCondition test = new TestCondition();
        Thread threadA = new Thread(test.new ThreadA());
        Thread threadB = new Thread(test.new ThreadB());
        threadA.start();
        threadB.start();
    }

}

输出结果:

 

 

首先输出1-3
1
2
3
输出4-6
4
5
6
输出7-9
7
8
9

    如果需要采用Object方法的wait,notify,notifyAll方法实现这个实例可以参考:http://outofmemory.cn/java/java.util.concurrent/thread-sync-with-object-wait-notify-notifyAll
    同样可以扩张,ThreadA打印123,ThreadB打印456,再让ThreadA打印789,最后然ThreadB打印10 11 12.如下:

package com.cooperation;

import java.util.concurrent.locks.Condition;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;

public class TestCondition
{
    private static int value = 1;
    private Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
    private Condition Condition456 = lock.newCondition();
    private Condition Condition789 = lock.newCondition();
    private Condition Condition101112 = lock.newCondition();

    class ThreadA implements Runnable{
        @Override
        public void run()
        {
            try
            {
                lock.lock();
                System.out.println("首先输出1-3");
                while(value<=3)
                {
                    System.out.println(value++);
                }
                Condition456.signal();
            }
            finally
            {
                lock.unlock();
            }

            try
            {
                lock.lock();
                while(value<=6)
                {
                    Condition789.await();
                }
                System.out.println("输出7-9");
                while(value<=9)
                {
                    System.out.println(value++);
                }
                Condition101112.signal();
            }
            catch (InterruptedException e)
            {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            finally
            {
                lock.unlock();
            }

        }
    }

    class ThreadB implements Runnable{
        @Override
        public void run()
        {
            try
            {
                lock.lock();
                while(value<=3)
                {
                    Condition456.await();
                }
            }
            catch (InterruptedException e)
            {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            finally{
                lock.unlock();
            }

            try{
                lock.lock();
                System.out.println("输出4-6");
                while(value<=6)
                {
                    System.out.println(value++);
                }
                Condition789.signal();
            }
            finally
            {
                lock.unlock();
            }

            try
            {
                lock.lock();
                while(value<=9)
                {
                    Condition101112.await();
                }
            }
            catch (InterruptedException e)
            {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            finally{
                lock.unlock();
            }

            try{
                lock.lock();
                System.out.println("输出10-12");
                while(value<=12)
                {
                    System.out.println(value++);
                }
            }
            finally
            {
                lock.unlock();
            }
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        TestCondition test = new TestCondition();
        Thread threadA = new Thread(test.new ThreadA());
        Thread threadB = new Thread(test.new ThreadB());
        threadA.start();
        threadB.start();
    }
}

输出结果:

 

 

首先输出1-3
1
2
3
输出4-6
4
5
6
输出7-9
7
8
9
输出10-12
10
11
12

欢迎跳转到本文的原文链接:https://honeypps.com/java/java-multi-thread-of-condition/

 

欢迎支持笔者新作:《深入理解Kafka:核心设计与实践原理》和《RabbitMQ实战指南》,同时欢迎关注笔者的微信公众号:朱小厮的博客。

  • 1
    点赞
  • 3
    收藏
    觉得还不错? 一键收藏
  • 0
    评论

“相关推荐”对你有帮助么?

  • 非常没帮助
  • 没帮助
  • 一般
  • 有帮助
  • 非常有帮助
提交
评论
添加红包

请填写红包祝福语或标题

红包个数最小为10个

红包金额最低5元

当前余额3.43前往充值 >
需支付:10.00
成就一亿技术人!
领取后你会自动成为博主和红包主的粉丝 规则
hope_wisdom
发出的红包
实付
使用余额支付
点击重新获取
扫码支付
钱包余额 0

抵扣说明:

1.余额是钱包充值的虚拟货币,按照1:1的比例进行支付金额的抵扣。
2.余额无法直接购买下载,可以购买VIP、付费专栏及课程。

余额充值