源码分析之LayoutInflater
简介
- 基于5.0的framework源码进行分析,通过这篇文章我们能了解:
- LayoutInflater的系统级服务的注册过程
- inflate填充的过程
- ViewStub,merge,include的加载过程
LayoutInflater系统服务的注册过程
我们经常调用
context.getSystemService(Context.LAYOUT_INFLATE_SERVICE)
获得LayoutInflater对象。那么这个对象是什么时候注册到Context中的呢?这个对象的具体实现类是谁?
- LayoutInflater这个服务,是在创建Activity的时候,作为baseContext传递给Activity的。接下来我们看源码过程。
我们知道Activity的创建过程是在ApplicationThread的performLaunchActivity方法中。那么接下来我们分析这个方法
private Activity performLaunchActivity(ActivityClientRecord r, Intent customIntent) { /*/ Activity activity = null; try{ // 通过Instrumentation类创建Activity java.lang.ClassLoader cl = r.packageInfo.getClassLoader(); activity = mInstrumentation.newActivity( cl, component.getClassName(), r.intent); }catch(Exeception e){} /*/ // 创建Context过程,也就是baseContext Context appContext = createBaseContextForActivity(r, activity); // 关联activity和baseContext activity.attach(appContext, this, getInstrumentation(), r.token, r.ident, app, r.intent, r.activityInfo, title, r.parent, r.embeddedID, r.lastNonConfigurationInstances, config, r.referrer, r.voiceInteractor, window); }
那么接下来我们只要分析
Context appContext = createBaseContextForActivity(r, activity);
这个方法即可,源码继续
private Context createBaseContextForActivity(ActivityClientRecord r, final Activity activity) { // 通过调用ContextImpl的静态方法创建baseContext对象 ContextImpl appContext = ContextImpl.createActivityContext( this, r.packageInfo, r.token, displayId, r.overrideConfig); appContext.setOuterContext(activity); return baseContext; }
接下来分析
ContextImpl.createActivityContext( this, r.packageInfo, r.token, displayId, r.overrideConfig); appContext.setOuterContext(activity);
接下来我们分析下ContextImpl这个类,发现其有一个成员变量
// 在这里注册系统级别的服务 // The system service cache for the system services that are cached per-ContextImpl. final Object[] mServiceCache = SystemServiceRegistry.createServiceCache();
SystemServiceRegistry类有个静态代码块,完成了常用服务的注册,代码如下
static{ // 注册LayoutLAYOUT_INFLATER_SERVICE系统服务,具体实现类是PhoneLayoutInflater registerService(Context.LAYOUT_INFLATER_SERVICE, LayoutInflater.class, new CachedServiceFetcher<LayoutInflater>() { @Override public LayoutInflater createService(ContextImpl ctx) { return new PhoneLayoutInflater(ctx.getOuterContext()); }}); // 注册AM registerService(Context.ACTIVITY_SERVICE, ActivityManager.class, new CachedServiceFetcher<ActivityManager>() { @Override public ActivityManager createService(ContextImpl ctx) { return new ActivityManager(ctx.getOuterContext(), ctx.mMainThread.getHandler()); }}); // 注册WM registerService(Context.WINDOW_SERVICE, WindowManager.class, new CachedServiceFetcher<WindowManager>() { @Override public WindowManager createService(ContextImpl ctx) { return new WindowManagerImpl(ctx); }}); // 等等 }
接下来我们看inflate过程,下面是整个inflate过程
public View inflate(XmlPullParser parser, @Nullable ViewGroup root, boolean attachToRoot) { synchronized (mConstructorArgs) { Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_VIEW, "inflate"); final Context inflaterContext = mContext; final AttributeSet attrs = Xml.asAttributeSet(parser); Context lastContext = (Context) mConstructorArgs[0]; mConstructorArgs[0] = inflaterContext; View result = root; try { // 循环找到第一个view节点, int type; while ((type = parser.next()) != XmlPullParser.START_TAG && type != XmlPullParser.END_DOCUMENT) { // Empty } // 这里判断是否是第一个view节点 if (type != XmlPullParser.START_TAG) { throw new InflateException(parser.getPositionDescription() + ": No start tag found!"); } final String name = parser.getName(); // 解析merge标签 if (TAG_MERGE.equals(name)) { if (root == null || !attachToRoot) { throw new InflateException("<merge /> can be used only with a valid " + "ViewGroup root and attachToRoot=true"); } // 通过rInflate方法将merge标签下的孩子直接合并到root上,这样减少一层布局,达到减少viewTree的目的 rInflate(parser, root, inflaterContext, attrs, false); } else { // 调用反射创建view对象 final View temp = createViewFromTag(root, name, inflaterContext, attrs); ViewGroup.LayoutParams params = null; if (root != null) { // Create layout params that match root, if supplied params = root.generateLayoutParams(attrs); if (!attachToRoot) { // 如果view的父容器不为null,并且attachToRoot未true得话,这里只是让刚刚通过反射创建的view使用root(父容器的布局参数) temp.setLayoutParams(params); } } // 通过深度遍历temp下的节点,之后将节点依次添加到刚刚通过反射创建的temp对象上,因为采用的是深度优先遍历算法,因此viewTree的层级很深的话,会影响遍历的性能 rInflateChildren(parser, temp, attrs, true); // 判断刚刚创建的temp对象是否添加到父节点上. // 满足两个条件1 父节点(root)不为null,2 attachToRoot=true if (root != null && attachToRoot) { root.addView(temp, params); } // 设置result if (root == null || !attachToRoot) { result = temp; } } } catch (XmlPullParserException e) { final InflateException ie = new InflateException(e.getMessage(), e); ie.setStackTrace(EMPTY_STACK_TRACE); throw ie; } catch (Exception e) { } finally { // Don't retain static reference on context. mConstructorArgs[0] = lastContext; mConstructorArgs[1] = null; Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_VIEW); } // 返回 return result; }
}
- 通过上面分析,我们对inflate的整体过程有了一个了解,也见到了merge标签(经常作为布局文件根节点,来达到减少viewTree的层次)
- 接下来,我们分析4个方法
- rInflate(parser, root, inflaterContext, attrs, false);,其实不管是根节点为merge还是普通的view(最终都会用这个方法),深度遍历添加view
下面是代码
// 深度遍历添加孩子 void rInflate(XmlPullParser parser, View parent, Context context, AttributeSet attrs, boolean finishInflate) throws XmlPullParserException, IOException { final int depth = parser.getDepth(); int type; while (((type = parser.next()) != XmlPullParser.END_TAG || parser.getDepth() > depth) && type != XmlPullParser.END_DOCUMENT) { if (type != XmlPullParser.START_TAG) { continue; } final String name = parser.getName(); if (TAG_REQUEST_FOCUS.equals(name)) { parseRequestFocus(parser, parent); } else if (TAG_TAG.equals(name)) { // 如果我们调用了View.setTag(),将会执行下面代码 parseViewTag(parser, parent, attrs); // include不能作为根节点 } else if (TAG_INCLUDE.equals(name)) { if (parser.getDepth() == 0) { throw new InflateException("<include /> cannot be the root element"); } // 这里解析include标签代码 parseInclude(parser, context, parent, attrs); } else if (TAG_MERGE.equals(name)) { // merge一定是根节点 throw new InflateException("<merge /> must be the root element"); } else { final View view = createViewFromTag(parent, name, context, attrs); final ViewGroup viewGroup = (ViewGroup) parent; final ViewGroup.LayoutParams params = viewGroup.generateLayoutParams(attrs); // 递归,因为rInflateChildren最终还会调用rInflate(parser, parent, parent.getContext(), attrs, finishInflate);方法 rInflateChildren(parser, view, attrs, true); viewGroup.addView(view, params); } } if (finishInflate) { // viewTree填充完毕,回调自定义view经常使用的onFinishInflate方法 parent.onFinishInflate(); } }
rInflateChildren(parser, view, attrs, true);方法
// 直接调用rInflate()实现ViewTree final void rInflateChildren(XmlPullParser parser, View parent, AttributeSet attrs, boolean finishInflate) throws XmlPullParserException, IOException { rInflate(parser, parent, parent.getContext(), attrs, finishInflate);
}
createViewFromTag(root, name, inflaterContext, attrs);方法,这个方法其实处理了自定义view和系统view的创建。最终调用了下面方法
View createViewFromTag(View parent, String name, Context context, AttributeSet attrs, boolean ignoreThemeAttr) { if (name.equals("view")) { name = attrs.getAttributeValue(null, "class"); } // 设置view默认样式 if (!ignoreThemeAttr) { final TypedArray ta = context.obtainStyledAttributes(attrs, ATTRS_THEME); final int themeResId = ta.getResourceId(0, 0); if (themeResId != 0) { context = new ContextThemeWrapper(context, themeResId); } ta.recycle(); } try { View view; if (view == null) { final Object lastContext = mConstructorArgs[0]; mConstructorArgs[0] = context; try {//创建系统view的方法,因为系统view的标签不是完整类名,需要会在 onCreateView中完成拼接(拼接出系统view的完整类名) if (-1 == name.indexOf('.')) { view = onCreateView(parent, name, attrs); } else { //自定义view的创建 view = createView(name, null, attrs); } } finally { mConstructorArgs[0] = lastContext; } } return view; } catch (InflateException e) { throw e; } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) { final InflateException ie = new InflateException(attrs.getPositionDescription() + ": Error inflating class " + name, e); ie.setStackTrace(EMPTY_STACK_TRACE); throw ie; } catch (Exception e) { final InflateException ie = new InflateException(attrs.getPositionDescription() + ": Error inflating class " + name, e); ie.setStackTrace(EMPTY_STACK_TRACE); throw ie; } }
接下来我们分析 createView(String name, String prefix, AttributeSet attrs)方法,系统view的创建,最终也会调用createView方法。只不过在前面拼接上了系统view的包名。
public final View createView(String name, String prefix, AttributeSet attrs) throws ClassNotFoundException, InflateException { // 获取view的构造方法 Constructor<? extends View> constructor = sConstructorMap.get(name); // 验证 if (constructor != null && !verifyClassLoader(constructor)) { constructor = null; sConstructorMap.remove(name); } Class<? extends View> clazz = null; try { if (constructor == null) { clazz = mContext.getClassLoader().loadClass( prefix != null ? (prefix + name) : name).asSubclass(View.class); if (mFilter != null && clazz != null) { boolean allowed = mFilter.onLoadClass(clazz); if (!allowed) { failNotAllowed(name, prefix, attrs); } } constructor = clazz.getConstructor(mConstructorSignature); constructor.setAccessible(true); // 将view的构造方法缓存起来 sConstructorMap.put(name, constructor); } else { /*/ } Object[] args = mConstructorArgs; args[1] = attrs; // 反射创建view对象 final View view = constructor.newInstance(args); // 对viewStub进行处理 if (view instanceof ViewStub) { // 给ViewStub设置LayoutInfalter.什么时候inflate,什么时候viewStub的内容才显示,(比GONE性能好) final ViewStub viewStub = (ViewStub) view; viewStub.setLayoutInflater(cloneInContext((Context) args[0])); } return view; } catch (NoSuchMethodException e) { } catch (ClassCastException e) { } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) { } catch (Exception e) { } finally { } }
总结
- 系统服务的填充过程,是在ContextImpl中完成注册的
- LayoutInflater的实现类是PhoneLayoutInflater
- 如果仅仅使用父容器的布局参数,可以使用inflater.inflate(layoutId,parent,false);
- onFinishInflate()方法是在viewTree遍历完成之后,调用的
- merge标签只能是根节点,include标签不能是根节点。
- 布局优化
- view的inflate的过程是深度遍历,因此应该尽量减少viewTree的层次,可以考虑使用merge标签
- 如果我们不知道view什么时候填充的时候,可以使用ViewStub标签,什么时候用什么时候填充
- include是提升复用的