Blocks Programming Topics

winfred_zen

于 2014-10-19 20:11:22 发布

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分类专栏： # iOS 文档文章标签： block

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https://developer.apple.com/library/ios/documentation/Cocoa/Conceptual/Blocks/Articles/bxGettingStarted.html#//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP40007502-CH7-SW1

大致翻译下

声明和使用Block

使用^脱字符来声明Block，作为Block语法的开端。如下：

int multiplier = 7;
int (^myBlock)(int) = ^(int num) {
    return num * multiplier;
};

如下图：

注意：block能使用同一个作用域中的定义的变量

如果把block作为一个变量，则可以像函数一样使用它：

int multiplier = 7;
int (^myBlock)(int) = ^(int num) {
    return num * multiplier;
};
 
printf("%d", myBlock(3));
// prints "21"

直接使用Blcok

在很多情况下，不需要直接声明block变量。相反，仅仅在需要作为参数的地方，写一个block。下面的代码使用了qsort_b函数，qsort_b与标准的qsort_r函数相似，但是把block作为一个最后的参数：

char *myCharacters[3] = { "TomJohn", "George", "Charles Condomine" };
 
qsort_b(myCharacters, 3, sizeof(char *), ^(const void *l, const void *r) {
    char *left = *(char **)l;
    char *right = *(char **)r;
    return strncmp(left, right, 1);
});
 
// myCharacters is now { "Charles Condomine", "George", "TomJohn" }

Cocoa中的Blocks

在Cocoa frameworks中，有许多方法把block作为一个参数，特别是在一系列对象中执行一个操作，或者在操作完成后使用回调。下面的代码显示了如何在NSArray的sortedArrayUsingComparator:的方法中使用block。这个方法需要一个block参数。下面的示例中，block被定义为NSComparator的本地变量：

NSArray *stringsArray = @[ @"string 1",
                           @"String 21",
                           @"string 12",
                           @"String 11",
                           @"String 02" ];
 
static NSStringCompareOptions comparisonOptions = NSCaseInsensitiveSearch | NSNumericSearch |
        NSWidthInsensitiveSearch | NSForcedOrderingSearch;
NSLocale *currentLocale = [NSLocale currentLocale];
 
NSComparator finderSortBlock = ^(id string1, id string2) {
 
    NSRange string1Range = NSMakeRange(0, [string1 length]);
    return [string1 compare:string2 options:comparisonOptions range:string1Range locale:currentLocale];
};
 
NSArray *finderSortArray = [stringsArray sortedArrayUsingComparator:finderSortBlock];
NSLog(@"finderSortArray: %@", finderSortArray);
 
/*
Output:
finderSortArray: (
    "string 1",
    "String 02",
    "String 11",
    "string 12",
    "String 21"
)
*/

__block变量

block一个强大特性是能修改在同一个作用域中的变量。使用__block来表示能修改变量。 Blocks with Cocoa的示例，下面的例子展示了使用block变量来计算有多少个字符串是相等的。

NSArray *stringsArray = @[ @"string 1",
                          @"String 21", // <-
                          @"string 12",
                          @"String 11",
                          @"Strîng 21", // <-
                          @"Striñg 21", // <-
                          @"String 02" ];
 
NSLocale *currentLocale = [NSLocale currentLocale];
__block NSUInteger orderedSameCount = 0;
 
NSArray *diacriticInsensitiveSortArray = [stringsArray sortedArrayUsingComparator:^(id string1, id string2) {
 
    NSRange string1Range = NSMakeRange(0, [string1 length]);
    NSComparisonResult comparisonResult = [string1 compare:string2 options:NSDiacriticInsensitiveSearch range:string1Range locale:currentLocale];
 
    if (comparisonResult == NSOrderedSame) {
        orderedSameCount++;
    }
    return comparisonResult;
}];
 
NSLog(@"diacriticInsensitiveSortArray: %@", diacriticInsensitiveSortArray);
NSLog(@"orderedSameCount: %d", orderedSameCount);
 
/*
Output:
 
diacriticInsensitiveSortArray: (
    "String 02",
    "string 1",
    "String 11",
    "string 12",
    "String 21",
    "Str\U00eeng 21",
    "Stri\U00f1g 21"
)
orderedSameCount: 2
*/

Declaring a Block Reference

下面都是有效的block变量的声明：

void (^blockReturningVoidWithVoidArgument)(void);
int (^blockReturningIntWithIntAndCharArguments)(int, char);
void (^arrayOfTenBlocksReturningVoidWithIntArgument[10])(int);

如果在多个地方使用到同一个block，可以声明它，如下：

typedef float (^MyBlockType)(float, float);
 
MyBlockType myFirstBlock = // ... ;
MyBlockType mySecondBlock = // ... ;

Creating a Block

float (^oneFrom)(float);
 
oneFrom = ^(float aFloat) {
    float result = aFloat - 1.0;
    return result;
};

下面的例子展示了使用本地非静态变量：

int x = 123;
 
void (^printXAndY)(int) = ^(int y) {
 
    printf("%d %d\n", x, y);
};
 
printXAndY(456); // prints: 123 456

给blcok中的x赋值，如下，会导致错误：

int x = 123;
 
void (^printXAndY)(int) = ^(int y) {
 
    x = x + y; // error
    printf("%d %d\n", x, y);
};

如果想改变block中的变量，可以使用__block修饰符。

下面的代码，展示了使用了__block的变量：

__block int x = 123; //  x lives in block storage
 
void (^printXAndY)(int) = ^(int y) {
 
    x = x + y;
    printf("%d %d\n", x, y);
};
printXAndY(456); // prints: 579 456
// x is now 579

下面的例子，是在block中使用各种不同的变量类型：

extern NSInteger CounterGlobal;
static NSInteger CounterStatic;
 
{
    NSInteger localCounter = 42;
    __block char localCharacter;
 
    void (^aBlock)(void) = ^(void) {
        ++CounterGlobal;
        ++CounterStatic;
        CounterGlobal = localCounter; // localCounter fixed at block creation
        localCharacter = 'a'; // sets localCharacter in enclosing scope
    };
 
    ++localCounter; // unseen by the block
    localCharacter = 'b';
 
    aBlock(); // execute the block
    // localCharacter now 'a'
}

使用Blocks

调用一个Block

如果你声明block为一个变量，在一个函数中使用，如下两个例子所示：

int (^oneFrom)(int) = ^(int anInt) {
    return anInt - 1;
};
 
printf("1 from 10 is %d", oneFrom(10));
// Prints "1 from 10 is 9"
 
float (^distanceTraveled)(float, float, float) =
                         ^(float startingSpeed, float acceleration, float time) {
 
    float distance = (startingSpeed * time) + (0.5 * acceleration * time * time);
    return distance;
};
 
float howFar = distanceTraveled(0.0, 9.8, 1.0);
// howFar = 4.9

使用Block作为方法的参数

NSArray *array = @[@"A", @"B", @"C", @"A", @"B", @"Z", @"G", @"are", @"Q"];
NSSet *filterSet = [NSSet setWithObjects: @"A", @"Z", @"Q", nil];
 
BOOL (^test)(id obj, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop);
 
test = ^(id obj, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop) {
 
    if (idx < 5) {
        if ([filterSet containsObject: obj]) {
            return YES;
        }
    }
    return NO;
};
 
NSIndexSet *indexes = [array indexesOfObjectsPassingTest:test];
 
NSLog(@"indexes: %@", indexes);
 
/*
Output:
indexes: <NSIndexSet: 0x10236f0>[number of indexes: 2 (in 2 ranges), indexes: (0 3)]
*/

__block BOOL found = NO;
NSSet *aSet = [NSSet setWithObjects: @"Alpha", @"Beta", @"Gamma", @"X", nil];
NSString *string = @"gamma";
 
[aSet enumerateObjectsUsingBlock:^(id obj, BOOL *stop) {
    if ([obj localizedCaseInsensitiveCompare:string] == NSOrderedSame) {
        *stop = YES;
        found = YES;
    }
}];
 
// At this point, found == YES