iOS-OC-Runtime使用小谈（objc_setAssociatedObject）

一.objc/runtime.h相关

Objecitve-C的重要特性是Runtime（运行时），在Interacting with the Runtime（交互运行）中，运行时函数部分，苹果给出了/usr/lib/libobjc.A.dylib库，这个共享库提供支持动态属性的objective - c语言，通过其接口，可以用于开发将其他语言运行于Objective-C上的中间层（桥接层），库里的函数定义为纯C语言。

二.objc/runtime.h使用

在这里我们主要举个简单的栗子��，通过新建一个UIButton的类别。

1.导入头文件

#import <objc/runtime.h>

2.新建一个Action的Category；

然后在.h中添加一个事件的Block，代码如下：

#import <UIKit/UIKit.h>

typedef void (^ActionBlock)(UIButton *button);

@interface UIButton (Action)

@property (nonatomic,copy) ActionBlock actionBlock;

+ (UIButton *)createBtnWithFrame:(CGRect)frame title:(NSString *)title actionBlock:(ActionBlock)actionBlock;

@end

在这里我们创建了一个加方法，来创建一个按钮；

实现如下：

+ (UIButton *)createBtnWithFrame:(CGRect)frame title:(NSString *)title actionBlock:(ActionBlock)actionBlock{
    UIButton *button = [[UIButton alloc]init];
    button.frame = frame;
    [button setTitle:title forState:UIControlStateNormal];
    [button addTarget:button action:@selector(buttonClick:) forControlEvents:UIControlEventTouchUpInside];
    
    objc_setAssociatedObject (button , &keyOfMethod, actionBlock, OBJC_ASSOCIATION_COPY_NONATOMIC);
    
    return button;
}

objc_setAssociatedObject(id object, const void *key, id value, objc_AssociationPolicy policy)

 id object                     :表示关联者，是一个对象，变量名理所当然也是object

 const void *key               :获取被关联者的索引key

 id value                      :被关联者，这里是一个block

 objc_AssociationPolicy policy : 关联时采用的协议，有assign，retain，copy等协议，一般使用OBJC_ASSOCIATION_RETAIN_NONATOMIC

注意这里面我声明了两个索引KEY；

static NSString *keyOfMethod;
static NSString *keyOfBlock;

- (void)buttonClick:(UIButton *)button{
    
    //通过key获取被关联对象
    //objc_getAssociatedObject(id object, const void *key)
    ActionBlock block1 = (ActionBlock)objc_getAssociatedObject(button, &keyOfMethod);
    if(block1){
        block1(button);
    }
    
    ActionBlock block2 = (ActionBlock)objc_getAssociatedObject(button, &keyOfBlock);
    if(block2){
        block2(button);
    }
}

- (void)setActionBlock:(ActionBlock)actionBlock{
    objc_setAssociatedObject (self, &keyOfBlock, actionBlock, OBJC_ASSOCIATION_COPY_NONATOMIC );
}

- (ActionBlock)actionBlock{
    return objc_getAssociatedObject (self ,&keyOfBlock);
}

3.通过类别创建两个按钮

- (void)uiConfig{
    //第一个按钮
    UIButton *button1 = [UIButton createBtnWithFrame:CGRectMake((ScreenWidth - 100)/2, (ScreenHeight - 50)/2 - 50, 100, 50) title:@"按钮" actionBlock:^(UIButton *button) {
        float r = random()%255/255.0;
        float g = random()%255/255.0;
        float b = random()%255/255.0;
        self.view.backgroundColor = RGB(r, g, b);
    }];
    button1.backgroundColor = [UIColor lightGrayColor];
    [self.view addSubview:button1];
    
    //第二个按钮
    UIButton *button2 = [UIButton createBtnWithFrame:CGRectMake((ScreenWidth - 100)/2, CGRectGetMaxY(button1.frame) + 50, 100, 50) title:@"按钮2" actionBlock:nil];
    button2.actionBlock = ^(UIButton *button){
        NSLog(@"---%@---",button.currentTitle);
    };
    button2.backgroundColor = [UIColor lightGrayColor];
    [self.view addSubview:button2];
}

4.获取苹果私有的APi

这里我们也可以通过runtime获取苹果私有的方法;

#pragma mark - 获取苹果私有的APi方法
- (void)getiOSPrivateAPi{
    NSString *className = NSStringFromClass([UIView class]);
    
    const char *cClassName = [className UTF8String];
    
    id theClass = objc_getClass(cClassName);
    
    unsigned int outCount;
    
    Method *m =  class_copyMethodList(theClass,&outCount);
    
    NSLog(@"%d",outCount);
    
    for (int i = 0; i<outCount; i++) {
        
        SEL a = method_getName(*(m+i));
        
        NSString *sn = NSStringFromSelector(a);
        
        NSLog(@"%@",sn);
    }
}

注意，这里如果你想看其他的类，你把UIView换成你想要的类就好了；

5.DEMO下载地址

http://download.csdn.net/detail/u014220518/9659110