Django的学习笔记(三)(Django多对多关系模型)

第一节课:Django 定义模型
使用流程:
1.配置settings.py中的DATABASES

DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql', #MySQL数据库
        'NAME': 'imooc', #数据库名称
        'USER':'root',  #用户名
        'PASSWORD':'root', #密码
        'HOST':'', #主机,默认本机
        'PORT':'', #端口:默认3306
    } 
}

2.在models.py中编写相关的类

from __future__ import unicode_literals

from django.db import models

# Create your models here.
class Employee(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=20)

注:这表示会在数据库中创建一个employee的表,且表中有一个name的字段

3.同步数据库
(1).右键项目–>Django–>Make Migrations–>输入app的名称:如blog:该步骤的用处是在blog下生成相应的migrations包
(2)右键项目–>Django–>Migrate:该步骤的作用是同步模型到数据库上

控制台输出:

Operations to perform:
  Apply all migrations: admin, blog, contenttypes, auth, sessions
Running migrations:
  Rendering model states... DONE
  Applying contenttypes.0001_initial... OK
  Applying auth.0001_initial... OK
  Applying admin.0001_initial... OK
  Applying admin.0002_logentry_remove_auto_add... OK
  Applying contenttypes.0002_remove_content_type_name... OK
  Applying auth.0002_alter_permission_name_max_length... OK
  Applying auth.0003_alter_user_email_max_length... OK
  Applying auth.0004_alter_user_username_opts... OK
  Applying auth.0005_alter_user_last_login_null... OK
  Applying auth.0006_require_contenttypes_0002... OK
  Applying auth.0007_alter_validators_add_error_messages... OK
  Applying blog.0001_initial... OK
  Applying sessions.0001_initial... OK
Finished "F:\Python\Projects\cstv01\manage.py migrate" execution.

最终生成的项目结构和表结构

第二节课–>Django 模型数据操作
1.增加:三种增加记录的方法

def add1(req,name):
    employee = Employee()
    employee.name = name
    employee.save()
    return HttpResponse("add1 success:",name)

def add2(req,name):
    employee = Employee(name=name)
    employee.save()
    return HttpResponse("add2 success:",name)

def add3(req,name):
    Employee.objects.create(name = name)
    return HttpResponse("add2 success:",name)

2.查询所有的记录

def list(req):
    employeeList =  Employee.objects.all()
    return render_to_response('list.html',{'emps':employeeList})

第三节课–>多对多模型
1.models.py文件

from __future__ import unicode_literals

from django.db import models

# Create your models here.
class Author(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=30)

    def __unicode__(self):
        return self.name


class Book(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=30)
    authors = models.ManyToManyField(Author)

    def __unicode__(self):
        return self.name

2.使用代码:

alen = Author.objects.create(name='Alen')
ben = Author.objects.create(name='Ben')
book = Book(name='python')
book.authors.add(alen)
book.authors.add(ben)
book.save()
#显示效果
>>> book.authors.all()
[<Author: Alen>,<Author: Ben>]
>>>book.authors.remove(alen)#可以将Alen删除
[<Author: Ben>]
>>> alen.book_set.all()
[<Book: python>]