看这篇。http://elf8848.iteye.com/blog/875830/
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1 Web.xml里分别加载Spring及Spring MVC的配置文件xml 部分参考 http://blog.csdn.net/definite_things/article/details/40539503
1.1 ContextLoaderListener spring容器 根上下文(可以作为 父容器 ApplicationContext)
1.2 servlet里init-param 比如springmvc配置(子容器)
1.3 举例 web.xml
<!--父 -->
<context-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:spring/applicationContext*.xml</param-value>
</context-param>
<listener>
<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
</listener>
<!--子 -->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>mvc-manage</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:spring/mvc-servlet.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
2 相关:spring3.x企业应用3.4.2节 启动webapplicationcontext有两种方式:conrextloaderservlet和contextLoaderListener(contextConfigLocation)
3 结合http://blog.csdn.net/wabiaozia/article/details/54879891 spring启动流程看
4 更多细节还是看spring技术内幕书吧