【win32】day05-鼠标消息/定时器消息/菜单

最新推荐文章于 2022-11-19 17:44:49 发布

吴英强

最新推荐文章于 2022-11-19 17:44:49 发布

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分类专栏： Windows编程 Win32编程基础

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/waldmer/article/details/52188370

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鼠标消息

1 鼠标消息
1) 基本鼠标消息
WM_LBUTTONDOWN 左键按下
WM_LBUTTONUP 左键抬起
WM_RBUTTONDOWN 右键按下
WM_RBUTTONUP 右键抬起
WM_MOUSEMOVE 鼠标移动
2) 双击消息
WM_LBUTTONDBLCLK 左键双击
WM_RBUTTONDBLCLK 右键双击
3) 滚轮消息
WM_MOUSEWHEEL 鼠标滚轮

2消息的参数

WPARAM -当前键盘和鼠标按键状态，例如K_CONTROL/MK_SHIFT,MK_LBUTTON等。

LPARAM - 当前鼠标的坐标,坐标的原点是窗口客户区的左上角.

X坐标 - LOWORD(lParam),低16位

Y坐标 - HIWORD(lParam),高16位

参数具体内容和具体鼠标消息有稍微不同.

3 消息的使用

3.1 基本鼠标消息,只需在窗口处理函数增加消息处理即可.当消息来临,获取鼠标和按键状态.

例如:

case WM_MOUSEMOVE:

{

int nX = LOWORD(lParam);

int nY = HIWORD(lParam);

}

附:坐标转换的函数 ClientToScreen可以将鼠标坐标转换为屏幕的坐标.

3.2 双击消息

3.2.1 窗口注册要增加 CS_DBLCLKS类型wce.style = CS_DBLCLKS|...;

3.2.2 在窗口处理函数中增加消息处理

3.2.3 产生过程,例如:WM_LBUTTONDBLCLK

WM_LBUTTONDOWN

WM_LBUTTONUP

WM_LBUTTONDBLCLK

WM_LBUTTONUP

连续两次LBUTTONDOWN的时间间隔小于预定的双击时间间隔,就会产生LBUTTONDBLCLK消息.

双击时间间隔可以通过控制面板调整.

3.3 滚轮消息

3.3.1 由于WM_MOUSEWHEEL需要Winnt4.0以上版本支持,所以需要包含在windows.h的头文件前,增加_WIN32_WINNT 宏定义,

#define _WIN32_WINNT 0x0400

3.3.2 在窗口处理函数中增加消息处理

3.3.3 参数

LPARAM 与其它鼠标消息类同

WPARAM - LOWORD(WPARAM) 表示按键状态

HIWORD(WPARAM) 滚轮滚动幅度,

120的倍数,可以为正负值.

正值: 滚轮向上滚动,一般窗口向上滚动

负值: 滚轮向下滚动,一般窗口向下滚动

// WinMouse.cpp : Defines the entry point for the application.
//

#include "stdafx.h"
#include "stdio.h"

HINSTANCE g_hInst   = NULL;
HANDLE    g_hStdOut = NULL;
int		  g_nXPos   = 0;
int       g_nYPos   = 0;
int		  g_nX1Rect = 0;
int		  g_nY1Rect = 0;
int       g_nX2Rect = 0;
int       g_nY2Rect = 0;

void PrintLog( LPSTR pszLog )
{
	WriteConsole( g_hStdOut,
		pszLog, strlen(pszLog), NULL, NULL );
}

void OnPaint( HWND hWnd, UINT nMsg,
 	 WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam )
{
	PAINTSTRUCT ps = { 0 };
	HDC hDC = BeginPaint( hWnd, &ps );

	CHAR szText[] = "Hello Mouse";
	TextOut( hDC, g_nXPos, g_nYPos, 
		szText, strlen(szText) );

	Rectangle( hDC, g_nX1Rect, g_nY1Rect,
		g_nX2Rect, g_nY2Rect );

	EndPaint( hWnd, &ps );
}

LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc( HWND hWnd,
						  UINT nMsg,
						  WPARAM wParam,
						  LPARAM lParam )
{
	switch( nMsg )
	{
	case WM_PAINT:
		OnPaint( hWnd, nMsg, wParam, lParam );
		break;
	case WM_LBUTTONDOWN:
		{
			PrintLog( "WM_LBUTTONDOWN\n" );
			g_nX1Rect = LOWORD( lParam );
			g_nY1Rect = HIWORD( lParam );
		}
		break;
	case WM_LBUTTONUP:
		{
			PrintLog( "WM_LBUTTONUP\n" );
			g_nX2Rect = LOWORD( lParam );
			g_nY2Rect = HIWORD( lParam );
			InvalidateRect( hWnd, NULL, TRUE );
		}
		break;
	case WM_RBUTTONDOWN:
		PrintLog( "WM_RBUTTONDOWN\n" );
		break;
	case WM_RBUTTONUP:
		PrintLog( "WM_RBUTTONUP\n" );
		break;
	case WM_MOUSEMOVE:
		{
			int nX = LOWORD(lParam);
			int nY = HIWORD(lParam);
			POINT ptScreen = { 0 };
			ptScreen.x = nX;
			ptScreen.y = nY;
			ClientToScreen( hWnd, &ptScreen );

			CHAR szText[260] = { 0 };
			sprintf( szText, 
				"WM_MOUSEMOVE: X=%d(%d),Y=%d(%d)\n",
				nX, ptScreen.x, nY, ptScreen.y );
			PrintLog( szText );
			if( wParam & MK_CONTROL )
			{
				PrintLog( "WM_MOUSEMOVE: MK_CONTROL\n" );
			}
			if( wParam & MK_LBUTTON )
			{
				PrintLog( "WM_MOUSEMOVE: MK_LBUTTON\n" );
			}

			g_nXPos = LOWORD(lParam);
			g_nYPos = HIWORD(lParam);
			InvalidateRect( hWnd, NULL, TRUE );
		}
		break;
	case WM_LBUTTONDBLCLK:
		PrintLog( "WM_LBUTTONDBLCLK\n" );
		break;
	case WM_RBUTTONDBLCLK:
		PrintLog( "WM_RBUTTONDBLCLK\n" );
		break;
	case WM_MOUSEWHEEL:
		{
			short nDetla = HIWORD( wParam );
			int   nX     = LOWORD( lParam );
			int   nY     = HIWORD( lParam );
			CHAR szText[260] = { 0 };
			sprintf( szText, 
				"WM_MOUSEWHEEL: Detla=%d, X=%d,Y=%d\n",
				nDetla, nX, nY );
			PrintLog( szText );
		}
		break;
	case WM_DESTROY:
		PostQuitMessage( 0 );
		break;
	}
	return DefWindowProc( hWnd, nMsg,
		wParam, lParam );
}

BOOL RegisterWnd( LPSTR pszClassName )
{
	WNDCLASSEX wce = { 0 };
	wce.cbSize		  = sizeof( wce );
	wce.cbClsExtra	  = 0;
	wce.cbWndExtra    = 0;
	wce.hbrBackground = HBRUSH(COLOR_WINDOW);
	wce.hCursor		  = NULL;
	wce.hIcon		  = NULL;
	wce.hIconSm       = NULL;
	wce.hInstance	  = g_hInst;
	wce.lpfnWndProc   = WndProc;
	wce.lpszClassName = pszClassName;
	wce.lpszMenuName  = NULL;
	wce.style         = CS_HREDRAW|CS_VREDRAW|CS_DBLCLKS;
	ATOM nAtom = RegisterClassEx( &wce );
	if( 0 == nAtom )
	{
		return FALSE;
	}
	return TRUE;
}

HWND CreateWnd( LPSTR pszClassName )
{
	HWND hWnd = CreateWindowEx( 0,
		pszClassName, "MyWnd", 
		WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, CW_USEDEFAULT,
		CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, 
		CW_USEDEFAULT, NULL, NULL, 
		g_hInst, NULL );
	return hWnd;
}

void DisplayWnd( HWND hWnd )
{
	ShowWindow( hWnd, SW_SHOW );
	UpdateWindow( hWnd );
}

void Message( )
{
	MSG msg = { 0 };
	while( GetMessage( &msg, NULL, 0, 0 ) )
	{
		TranslateMessage( &msg );
		DispatchMessage( &msg );
	}
}

void NewConsole( )
{
	AllocConsole( );
	g_hStdOut = 
		GetStdHandle( STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE );
}

int APIENTRY WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance,
                     HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
                     LPSTR     lpCmdLine,
                     int       nCmdShow)
{
	NewConsole( );
 	g_hInst = hInstance;
	RegisterWnd( "MyWnd" );
	HWND hWnd = CreateWnd( "MyWnd" );
	DisplayWnd( hWnd );
	Message( );

	return 0;
}

定时器消息

1 定时器消息 WM_TIMER

按照定时器设置时间段,自动向窗口发送一个定时器消息WM_TIMER.优先级比较低.

定时器精度比较低,毫秒级别.消息产生时间也精度比较低.

2 消息和函数

2.1 WM_TIMER - 消息ID

wParam: 定时器的ID

lParam: 定时器的处理函数

2.2 SetTimer - 设置一个定时器

UINT SetTimer(

HWND hWnd, //窗口的句柄,可以为NULL

UINT nIDEvent,//定时器的ID,0为不预设ID

UINT uElapse,//定时器时间间隔,毫秒级别

TIMERPROC lpTimerFunc );//定时器的处理函数,可以为NULL

返回一个创建好的定时器ID

2.3 KillTimer - 结束一个定时器

BOOL KillTimer(

HWND hWnd,//窗口句柄

UINT uIDEvent );//定时器ID

2.4 TimerProc - 定时器处理函数

VOID CALLBACK TimerProc(

HWND hwnd, //窗口句柄

UINT uMsg, //WM_TIMER消息ID

UINT idEvent,//定时器ID

DWORD dwTime );//当前系统时间

3 使用方式

3.1 创建定时器 SetTimer

3.1.1 指定窗口句柄HWND,那么TIMERPROC 参数可以为空,那么WM_TIMER消息将会发送给指定窗口.如果未指定, TIMERPROC不能空,必须指定定时器处理程序.

3.1.2 如果指定定时器ID,SetTimer会按照这个ID创建定时器,如果未指定,会返回一个创建定时器ID.

nTimerID = SetTimer( NULL, 0, 7 * 1000, TimerProc1 );

3.2 处理消息

可以根据消息传入定时器ID号,分别处理.

3.3 结束定时器

在不使用时, KillTimer结束定时器.

KillTimer( hWnd, 1000 );

// WinTimer.cpp : Defines the entry point for the application.
//

#include "stdafx.h"
#include "stdio.h"

HINSTANCE g_hInst   = NULL;
HANDLE    g_hStdOut = NULL;
UINT      g_nTimerID1 = 0;

void CALLBACK TimerProc1( HWND hWnd,
						  UINT nMsg,
						  UINT idEvent,
						  DWORD dwTime )
{
	CHAR szText[] = "TimerProc1: Hello Timer\n";
	WriteConsole( g_hStdOut, szText,
		strlen(szText), NULL, NULL );
}

void OnCreate( HWND hWnd, UINT nMsg,
	WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam )
{
	//使用窗口处理函数，创建2个定时器
	SetTimer( hWnd, 1000, 3 * 1000, NULL );	
	SetTimer( hWnd, 1001, 5 * 1000, NULL );
	//使用窗口处理函数, 未指明定时器ID
	g_nTimerID1 = SetTimer( hWnd, 0, 
		1 * 1000, NULL );
	//使用TimerProc处理函数创建定时器
	SetTimer( hWnd, 1002, 7 * 1000, TimerProc1 );
}

void OnTimer( HWND hWnd, UINT nMsg,
	WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam )
{
	switch( wParam )
	{
	case 1000:
		{
			CHAR szText[] = "1000: Hello Timer\n";
			WriteConsole( g_hStdOut, szText,
				strlen(szText), NULL, NULL );
		}
		break;
	case 1001:
		{
			CHAR szText[] = "1001: Hello Timer\n";
			WriteConsole( g_hStdOut, szText,
				strlen(szText), NULL, NULL );
		}
		break;
	default:
		{
			CHAR szText[260] = {0};
			sprintf( szText, "%d: Hello Timer\n",
				g_nTimerID1 );
			WriteConsole( g_hStdOut, szText,
				strlen(szText), NULL, NULL );
		}
		break;
	}
}

LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc( HWND hWnd,
						  UINT nMsg,
						  WPARAM wParam,
						  LPARAM lParam )
{
	switch( nMsg )
	{
	case WM_CREATE:
		OnCreate( hWnd, nMsg, wParam, lParam );
		break;
	case WM_TIMER:
		OnTimer( hWnd, nMsg, wParam, lParam );
		break;
	case WM_DESTROY:
		KillTimer( hWnd, 1000 );
		PostQuitMessage( 0 );
		return 0;
	}
	return DefWindowProc( hWnd, nMsg,
		wParam, lParam );
}

BOOL RegisterWnd( LPSTR pszClassName )
{
	WNDCLASSEX wce = { 0 };
	wce.cbSize        = sizeof( wce );
	wce.cbClsExtra    = 0;
	wce.cbWndExtra    = 0;
	wce.hbrBackground = HBRUSH(COLOR_WINDOW);
	wce.hCursor       = NULL;
	wce.hIcon	      = NULL;
	wce.hIconSm       = NULL;
	wce.hInstance     = g_hInst;
	wce.lpfnWndProc   = WndProc;
	wce.lpszClassName = pszClassName;
	wce.lpszMenuName  = NULL;
	wce.style         = CS_VREDRAW|CS_HREDRAW;

	ATOM nAtom = RegisterClassEx( &wce );
	if( 0 == nAtom )
	{
		return FALSE;
	}
	return TRUE;
}

HWND CreateWnd( LPSTR pszClassName )
{
	HWND hWnd = CreateWindowEx( 0,
		pszClassName, "MyWnd", 
		WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, CW_USEDEFAULT,
		CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,
		CW_USEDEFAULT, NULL, NULL, 
		g_hInst, 0 );
	return hWnd;
}

void DisplayWnd( HWND hWnd )
{
	ShowWindow( hWnd, SW_SHOW );
	UpdateWindow( hWnd );
}

void Message( )
{
	MSG msg = {0};
	while ( GetMessage( &msg, NULL, 0, 0 ) )
	{
		TranslateMessage( &msg );
		DispatchMessage( &msg );
	}
}

void NewConsole( )
{
	AllocConsole( );
	g_hStdOut = 
		GetStdHandle( STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE );
}

int APIENTRY WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance,
                     HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
                     LPSTR     lpCmdLine,
                     int       nCmdShow)
{
	NewConsole( );
	g_hInst = hInstance;
	RegisterWnd( "MYWND" );
	HWND hWnd = CreateWnd( "MYWND" );
	DisplayWnd( hWnd );
	Message( );
	return 0;
}

菜单

1 菜单基础
菜单 - 每个菜单会有一个HMENU句柄
菜单项 - 每个菜单项会有一个ID号,可以根据这个ID执行不同的操作
2 菜单的使用
2.1 菜单创建
2.1.1 CreateMenu - MENU 菜单
2.1.2 CreatePopupMenu -
POPUPMENU 弹出式菜单
2.1.3 AppenedMenu - 增加菜单项
BOOL AppendMenu(
HMENU hMenu, //菜单句柄
UINT uFlags, //菜单项标示
UINT uIDNewItem, //菜单项的ID或者子菜单句柄
LPCTSTR lpNewItem ); //菜单项的名称
uFlags:
MF_STRING - lpNewItem是一个字符串
MF_POPUP - uIDNewItem是一个子菜单句柄
MF_SEPARATOR - 增加分隔项
MF_CHECKED/MF_UNCHECKED - 设置和取消菜单项的对勾
MF_DISABLED/MF_ENABLE - 菜单项禁止和允许状态
2.2 菜单的命令响应
2.2.1 WM_COMMAND消息
当用户点击菜单、按钮控件等时，系统会向窗口发送WM_COAMMD消息。
WPARAM：HIWORD - 通知消息标识
LOWORD - 菜单项的ID号
LPARAM：控件的句柄
2.2.2 命令处理
根据菜单项的ID号作相应处理。

2.3 菜单项的状态
2.3.1 WM_INITMENUPOPUP消息
当用户点击菜单，显示弹出菜单之前，系统会向窗口发送WM_INITMENUPOPUP消息。
WPARAM：是菜单句柄
LPARAM：LOWORD - 菜单位置
HIWORD - 是否是系统菜单
2.3.2 命令处理
根据WPARAM的菜单句柄，使用MenuAPI函数，
修改菜单状态。
CheckMenuItem - 选择菜单项名称前面打上小对勾的效果。
EnableMenuItem - 允许和禁止
SetMenuItemInfo - 可以设置更多信息

// WinMenu.cpp : Defines the entry point for the application.
//

#include "stdafx.h"
#include "stdio.h"

HINSTANCE g_hInst   = NULL;
HANDLE    g_hStdOut = NULL;
BOOL      g_bCheckCut = FALSE;

void OnCreate( HWND hWnd, UINT nMsg,
	WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam )
{	//创建主菜单
	HMENU hMainMenu = CreateMenu( );
	//创建子菜单
	HMENU hFileMenu = CreatePopupMenu( );
	//增加菜单项
	AppendMenu( hFileMenu, MF_STRING|MF_CHECKED, 1001, "新建(&N)");
	AppendMenu( hFileMenu, MF_SEPARATOR, 0, NULL );
	AppendMenu( hFileMenu, MF_STRING, 1002, "退出(&X)");
	AppendMenu( hMainMenu, MF_STRING|MF_POPUP, 
		(UINT)hFileMenu, "文件(&F)");

	HMENU hEditMenu = CreatePopupMenu( );
	AppendMenu( hEditMenu, MF_STRING, 1003, "剪切(&T)" );
	AppendMenu( hEditMenu, MF_STRING, 1004, "拷贝(&C)" );
	AppendMenu( hEditMenu, MF_STRING, 1005, "粘贴(&P)" );
	AppendMenu( hMainMenu, MF_STRING|MF_POPUP, 
		(UINT)hEditMenu, "编辑(&E)");

	HMENU hHelpMenu = CreatePopupMenu( );
	AppendMenu( hHelpMenu, MF_STRING, 1006, "帮助(&H)" );
	AppendMenu( hHelpMenu, MF_STRING, 1007, "关于(&A)" );
	AppendMenu( hMainMenu, MF_STRING|MF_POPUP, 
		(UINT)hHelpMenu, "帮助(&H)");
	//给窗口设置主菜单
	SetMenu( hWnd, hMainMenu );
}

void OnCommand( HWND hWnd, UINT nMsg, 
			   WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam )
{
	UINT nID = LOWORD( wParam );
	CHAR szText[260] = {0};
	sprintf( szText, "OnCommand: %d\n",
		nID );
	WriteConsole( g_hStdOut, szText,
		strlen(szText), NULL, NULL );
	switch( nID )
	{
	case 1002:
		PostQuitMessage( 0 );
		break;
	case 1003:
		g_bCheckCut = !g_bCheckCut;
		break;
	}
}

void OnInitMenuPopup( HWND hWnd, UINT nMsg,
	WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam )
{
	CHAR szText[260] = { 0 };
	sprintf( szText, 
		"OnInitMenuPopup: WPARAM=%08X, LPARAM=%08X\n", 
		wParam, lParam );
	WriteConsole( g_hStdOut, szText,
		strlen(szText), NULL, NULL );

	HMENU hMenu = (HMENU)wParam;
	if( TRUE == g_bCheckCut )
	{
		CheckMenuItem( hMenu, 1003, 
			MF_CHECKED|MF_BYCOMMAND );
	}
	else
	{
		CheckMenuItem( hMenu, 1003, 
			MF_UNCHECKED|MF_BYCOMMAND );
	}
}

LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc( HWND hWnd,
						  UINT nMsg,
						  WPARAM wParam,
						  LPARAM lParam )
{
	switch( nMsg )
	{
	case WM_CREATE:
		OnCreate( hWnd, nMsg, wParam, lParam );
		break;
	case WM_COMMAND:
		OnCommand( hWnd, nMsg, wParam, lParam );
		break;
	case WM_INITMENUPOPUP:
		OnInitMenuPopup( hWnd, nMsg, wParam, lParam );
		break;
	case WM_DESTROY:
		PostQuitMessage( 0 );
		return 0;
	}
	return DefWindowProc( hWnd, nMsg,
		wParam, lParam );
}

BOOL RegisterWnd( LPSTR pszClassName )
{
	WNDCLASSEX wce = { 0 };
	wce.cbSize        = sizeof( wce );
	wce.cbClsExtra    = 0;
	wce.cbWndExtra    = 0;
	wce.hbrBackground = HBRUSH(COLOR_WINDOW);
	wce.hCursor       = NULL;
	wce.hIcon	      = NULL;
	wce.hIconSm       = NULL;
	wce.hInstance     = g_hInst;
	wce.lpfnWndProc   = WndProc;
	wce.lpszClassName = pszClassName;
	wce.lpszMenuName  = NULL;
	wce.style         = CS_VREDRAW|CS_HREDRAW;

	ATOM nAtom = RegisterClassEx( &wce );
	if( 0 == nAtom )
	{
		return FALSE;
	}
	return TRUE;
}

HWND CreateWnd( LPSTR pszClassName )
{
	HWND hWnd = CreateWindowEx( 0,
		pszClassName, "MyWnd", 
		WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, CW_USEDEFAULT,
		CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,
		CW_USEDEFAULT, NULL, NULL, 
		g_hInst, 0 );
	return hWnd;
}

void DisplayWnd( HWND hWnd )
{
	ShowWindow( hWnd, SW_SHOW );
	UpdateWindow( hWnd );
}

void Message( )
{
	MSG msg = {0};
	while ( GetMessage( &msg, NULL, 0, 0 ) )
	{
		TranslateMessage( &msg );
		DispatchMessage( &msg );
	}
}

void NewConsole( )
{
	AllocConsole( );
	g_hStdOut = 
		GetStdHandle( STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE );
}

int APIENTRY WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance,
                     HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
                     LPSTR     lpCmdLine,
                     int       nCmdShow)
{
	NewConsole( );
	g_hInst = hInstance;
	RegisterWnd( "MYWND" );
	HWND hWnd = CreateWnd( "MYWND" );
	DisplayWnd( hWnd );
	Message( );
	return 0;
}

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【win32】day05-鼠标消息/定时器消息/菜单

鼠标消息1 鼠标消息1) 基本鼠标消息 WM_LBUTTONDOWN 左键按下 WM_LBUTTONUP 左键抬起 WM_RBUTTONDOWN 右键按下 WM_RBUTTONUP 右键抬起 WM_MOUSEMOVE 鼠标移动2) 双击消息 WM_LBUTTONDBLCLK 左键双击
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