boost units__带单位的物理模型编程

Quick Start

Before discussing the basics of the library, we first define a few terms that will be used frequently in the following :

• Base dimension : A base dimension is loosely defined as a measurable entity of interest; in conventional dimensional analysis, base dimensions include length ([L]), mass ([M]), time ([T]), etc... but there is no specific restriction on what base dimensions can be used. Base dimensions are essentially a tag type and provide no dimensional analysis functionality themselves.
• Dimension : A collection of zero or more base dimensions, each potentially raised to a different rational power. For example, area = [L]^2, velocity = [L]^1/[T]^1, and energy = [M]^1 [L]^2/[T]^2 are all dimensions.
• Base unit : A base unit represents a specific measure of a dimension. For example, while length is an abstract measure of distance, the meter is a concrete base unit of distance. Conversions are defined using base units. Much like base dimensions, base units are a tag type used solely to define units and do not support dimensional analysis algebra.
• Unit : A set of base units raised to rational exponents, e.g. kg^1 m^1/s^2.
• System : A unit system is a collection of base units representing all the measurable entities of interest for a specific problem. For example, the SI unit system defines seven base units : length ([L]) in meters, mass ([M]) in kilograms, time ([T]) in seconds, current ([I]) in amperes, temperature ([theta]) in kelvin, amount ([N]) in moles, and luminous intensity ([J]) in candelas. All measurable entities within the SI system can be represented as products of various integer or rational powers of these seven base units.
• Quantity : A quantity represents a concrete amount of a unit. Thus, while the meter is the base unit of length in the SI system, 5.5 meters is a quantity of length in that system.

To begin, we present two short tutorials. Tutorial1 demonstrates the use of SI units. After including the appropriate system headers and the headers for the various SI units we will need (all SI units can be included withboost/units/systems/si.hpp) and for quantity I/O (boost/units/io.hpp), we define a function that computes the work, in joules, done by exerting a force in newtons over a specified distance in meters and outputs the result tostd::cout. Thequantity class accepts a second template parameter as its value type; this parameter defaults to double if not otherwise specified. To demonstrate the ease of using user-defined types in dimensional calculations, we also present code for computing the complex impedance using std::complex<double> as the value type :

#include <complex>
#include <iostream>

#include <boost/typeof/std/complex.hpp>

#include <boost/units/systems/si/energy.hpp>
#include <boost/units/systems/si/force.hpp>
#include <boost/units/systems/si/length.hpp>
#include <boost/units/systems/si/electric_potential.hpp>
#include <boost/units/systems/si/current.hpp>
#include <boost/units/systems/si/resistance.hpp>
#include <boost/units/systems/si/io.hpp>

using namespace boost::units;
using namespace boost::units::si;

quantity<energy> 
work(const quantity<force>& F,const quantity<length>& dx)
{
    return F*dx;
}

int main()
{   
    /// test calcuation of work
    quantity<force>     F(2.0*newton);
    quantity<length>    dx(2.0*meter);
    quantity<energy>    E(work(F,dx));
    
    std::cout << "F  = " << F << std::endl
              << "dx = " << dx << std::endl
              << "E  = " << E << std::endl
              << std::endl;

    /// check complex quantities
    typedef std::complex<double>    complex_type;
    
    quantity<electric_potential,complex_type> v = complex_type(12.5,0.0)*volts;
    quantity<current,complex_type>            i = complex_type(3.0,4.0)*amperes;
    quantity<resistance,complex_type>         z = complex_type(1.5,-2.0)*ohms;
    
    std::cout << "V   = " << v << std::endl
              << "I   = " << i << std::endl
              << "Z   = " << z << std::endl
              << "I*Z = " << i*z << std::endl
              << "I*Z == V? " << std::boolalpha << (i*z == v) << std::endl
              << std::endl;

    return 0;
}

The intent and function of the above code should be obvious; the output produced is :

F  = 2 N
dx = 2 m
E  = 4 J

V   = (12.5,0) V
I   = (3,4) A
Z   = (1.5,-2) Ohm
I*Z = (12.5,0) V
I*Z == V? true

While this library attempts to make simple dimensional computations easy to code, it is in no way tied to any particular unit system (SI or otherwise). Instead, it provides a highly flexible compile-time system for dimensional analysis, supporting arbitrary collections of base dimensions, rational powers of units, and explicit quantity conversions. It accomplishes all of this via template metaprogramming techniques. With modern optimizing compilers, this results in zero runtime overhead for quantity computations relative to the same code without unit checking.

问过一个做物理的朋友，他讲通常物理计算现把所有的计算量无量纲话。我用的是正则坐标，所有的空间和频率都无量纲，所以这个意义可能也不是很大。