/* (程序头部注释开始)
* 程序的版权和版本声明部分
* Copyright (c) 2011, 烟台大学计算机学院学生
* All rights reserved.
* 文件名称:
* 作 者:王引琳
* 完成日期: 2012 年 5 月 7 日
* 版 本 号:
* 对任务及求解方法的描述部分
* 输入描述:
* 问题描述:
* 程序输出:
* 程序头部的注释结束
*/
/*【任务1】理解基类中成员的访问限定符和派生类的继承方式
由下面派生类Student1对基类Student的继承……
(1)请修改基类中成员的访问限定符和派生类的继承方式,考虑可能的运行结果或可能出现的错误,并在上机时进行验证、对比,达到理解派生类成员的访问属性的目的。
(2)总结(1)的结果,将(1)的结果摘要写到报告博文中;最后用自己的话总结确定派生类成员的访问属性的原则,也写到报告博文中。
(代码类似P363例11.5,上机准备阶段可以研究这段代码,BB平台中提供实验用代码。)*/
原程序:
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
class Student //(1)修改student类中各数据成员和成员函数的访问限定符,并观察发生的现象
{
public:
Student(int n,string nam,char s) ;
void show();
~Student( ){ }
protected:
int num;
string name;
char sex ;
};
class Student1: public Student //(2)修改此处的继承方式,并观察发生的现象
{
public:
Student1(int n,string nam,char s,int a,string ad);
void show1( );
~Student1( ){ }
private:
int age;
string addr;
};
Student::Student(int n,string nam,char s)
{
num=n;
name=nam;
sex=s;
}
void Student::show()
{
cout<<"num: "<<num<<endl;
cout<<"name: "<<name<<endl;
cout<<"sex: "<<sex<<endl<<endl;
}
Student1::Student1(int n,string nam,char s,int a,string ad):Student(n,nam,s)
{
age=a;
addr=ad;
}
void Student1::show1( )
{ cout<<"num: "<<num<<endl;
cout<<"name: "<<name<<endl;
cout<<"sex: "<<sex<<endl;
cout<<"age: "<<age<<endl;
cout<<"address: "<<addr<<endl<<endl;
}
int main( )
{ Student1 stud1(10010,"Wang-li",'f',19,"115 Beijing Road,Shanghai");
Student1 stud2(10011,"Zhang-fun",'m',21,"213 Shanghai Road,Beijing");
Student stud3(20010,"He-xin",'m');
stud1.show1( );
stud2.show( );
stud3.show( );
system ("pause");
return 0;
}
修改程序后:
class Student //(1)修改student类中各数据成员和成员函数的访问限定符,并观察发生的现象
{
protected:
Student(int n,string nam,char s) ;
void show();
~Student( ){ }
private:
int num;
string name;
char sex ;
};
class Student1: protected Student //(2)修改此处的继承方式,并观察发生的现象
{
public:
Student1(int n,string nam,char s,int a,string ad);
void show1( );
~Student1( ){ }
private:
int age;
string addr;
};
出错:
1>------ Build started: Project: 1111, Configuration: Debug Win32 ------
1>Compiling...
1>222.cpp
1>e:\1111\1111\222.cpp(51) : error C2248: 'Student::num' : cannot access private member declared in class 'Student'
1> e:\1111\1111\222.cpp(16) : see declaration of 'Student::num'
1> e:\1111\1111\222.cpp(10) : see declaration of 'Student'
1>e:\1111\1111\222.cpp(52) : error C2248: 'Student::name' : cannot access private member declared in class 'Student'
1> e:\1111\1111\222.cpp(17) : see declaration of 'Student::name'
1> e:\1111\1111\222.cpp(10) : see declaration of 'Student'
1>e:\1111\1111\222.cpp(53) : error C2248: 'Student::sex' : cannot access private member declared in class 'Student'
1> e:\1111\1111\222.cpp(18) : see declaration of 'Student::sex'
1> e:\1111\1111\222.cpp(10) : see declaration of 'Student'
1>e:\1111\1111\222.cpp(61) : error C2248: 'Student::Student' : cannot access protected member declared in class 'Student'
1> e:\1111\1111\222.cpp(12) : see declaration of 'Student::Student'
1> e:\1111\1111\222.cpp(10) : see declaration of 'Student'
1>e:\1111\1111\222.cpp(61) : error C2248: 'Student::~Student' : cannot access protected member declared in class 'Student'
1> e:\1111\1111\222.cpp(14) : see declaration of 'Student::~Student'
1> e:\1111\1111\222.cpp(10) : see declaration of 'Student'
1>e:\1111\1111\222.cpp(63) : error C2248: 'Student::show' : cannot access protected member declared in class 'Student'
1> e:\1111\1111\222.cpp(13) : see declaration of 'Student::show'
1> e:\1111\1111\222.cpp(10) : see declaration of 'Student'
1>e:\1111\1111\222.cpp(64) : error C2248: 'Student::show' : cannot access protected member declared in class 'Student'
1> e:\1111\1111\222.cpp(13) : see declaration of 'Student::show'
1> e:\1111\1111\222.cpp(10) : see declaration of 'Student'
1>Build log was saved at " file://e:\1111\1111\Debug\BuildLog.htm"
1>1111 - 7 error(s), 0 warning(s)
========== Build: 0 succeeded, 1 failed, 0 up-to-date, 0 skipped ==========
上机感言:公共继承中,派生类可访问基类的公共成员和保护成员,而基类的私有成员对派生类来说不可访问。私有成员只能通过基类的成员函数访问。
私有继承中,派生类的成员函数可以访问私有基类的公共成员,但不能访问私有基类的私有成员。
保护继承中,公用的,派生类内和类外均可访问;受保护的和私有的,派生类内可以访问,派生类外不可以访问