JVM学习笔记-内存处理一文中已经介绍了JVM对内存区域的划分和处理。在实际编程过程中,会遇到一些OutOfMemory(OOM)异常。通过模拟。我们可以直接指出这些场景的本质,从而在纷繁复杂的千万行代码中避免这样去Coding。导致OOM的情况有多种,包括Java或Native Method Stack的内存不足或者栈空间溢出、Heap内存溢出、Non-heap内存溢出、Direct Memory溢出。
- Java Method Stack栈溢出模拟
什么时候会让Java Method Stack栈溢出?栈的基本特点就是FILO(First In Last Out),如果in的太多而out的太少,就可能overflow了。而Java Method Statck的功能就是保存每一次函数调用时的“现场”,即为入栈,函数返回对应出栈,所以函数的调用深度越大,栈就变得越大,足够大的时候就会溢出。所以模拟Java Method Stack溢出,只要不断递归调用某一函数就可以导致溢出。
package com.jony.java;
public class TestStackOverflow {
private int stackLength = 0;
public void stackOverFlow(){
++stackLength;
stackOverFlow();
}
public static void main(String[] args){
TestStackOverflow test = new TestStackOverflow();
try {
test.stackOverFlow();
} catch (Throwable e) {
System.out.println("Stack Length:" + test.stackLength);
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
运行结果:
Stack Length:11477
java.lang.StackOverflowError
at com.jony.java.TestStackOverflow.stackOverFlow(TestStackOverflow.java:7)
at com.jony.java.TestStackOverflow.stackOverFlow(TestStackOverflow.java:8)
at com.jony.java.TestStackOverflow.stackOverFlow(TestStackOverflow.java:8)
at com.jony.java.TestStackOverflow.stackOverFlow(TestStackOverflow.java:8)
at com.jony.java.TestStackOverflow.stackOverFlow(TestStackOverflow.java:8)
at com.jony.java.TestStackOverflow.stackOverFlow(TestStackOverflow.java:8)
at com.jony.java.TestStackOverflow.stackOverFlow(TestStackOverflow.java:8)
at com.jony.java.TestStackOverflow.stackOverFlow(TestStackOverflow.java:8)
at com.jony.java.TestStackOverflow.stackOverFlow(TestStackOverflow.java:8)
java.lang.StackOverflowError
at com.jony.java.TestStackOverflow.stackOverFlow(TestStackOverflow.java:7)
at com.jony.java.TestStackOverflow.stackOverFlow(TestStackOverflow.java:8)
at com.jony.java.TestStackOverflow.stackOverFlow(TestStackOverflow.java:8)
at com.jony.java.TestStackOverflow.stackOverFlow(TestStackOverflow.java:8)
at com.jony.java.TestStackOverflow.stackOverFlow(TestStackOverflow.java:8)
at com.jony.java.TestStackOverflow.stackOverFlow(TestStackOverflow.java:8)
at com.jony.java.TestStackOverflow.stackOverFlow(TestStackOverflow.java:8)
at com.jony.java.TestStackOverflow.stackOverFlow(TestStackOverflow.java:8)
at com.jony.java.TestStackOverflow.stackOverFlow(TestStackOverflow.java:8)
2. Java Method Stack内存溢出模拟-Heap内存溢出
堆是用来存储对象的,当然对象不一定都存在堆里(栈上分配、标量替换技术)。那么堆如果溢出了,一定是不能被杀掉的对象太多了。模拟Heap内存溢出,只要不断的创建对象并保存对象引用存在即可。
package com.jony.java;
import java.util.ArrayList;
public class TestHeapOverflow {
static class TestOomHeap {}
public static void main(String[] args) {
ArrayList<TestOomHeap> list = new ArrayList<TestHeapOverflow.TestOomHeap>();
while (true) {
list.add(new TestOomHeap());
}
}
}
运行结果:
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.OutOfMemoryError: Java heap space
at com.jony.java.TestHeapOverflow.main(TestHeapOverflow.java:13)
at com.jony.java.TestHeapOverflow.main(TestHeapOverflow.java:13)
3. Method Area内存溢出
Method Area内存溢出,也就是Non-heap,是用来存储Object Class Data、变量、静态常量、JIT编译后的代码。如果该区域溢出,则说明某种数据创建的实在是太多了,模拟该异常,可以不断创建新的class,知道溢出为止。下面实例中会用到asm-all-3.0.jar和cglib2.2.jar
下载
package com.jony.java;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import net.sf.cglib.proxy.Enhancer;
import net.sf.cglib.proxy.MethodInterceptor;
import net.sf.cglib.proxy.MethodProxy;
public class TestMethodAreaOverflow {
static class MethodAreaOom {}
public static void main(String[] args) {
while (true) {
Enhancer enhancer = new Enhancer();
enhancer.setSuperclass(MethodAreaOom.class);
enhancer.setUseCache(false);
enhancer.setCallback(new MethodInterceptor() {
@Override
public Object intercept(Object arg0, Method arg1, Object[] arg2,
MethodProxy proxy) throws Throwable {
return proxy.invoke(arg0, arg2);
}
});
enhancer.create();
}
}
}
运行结果:
Exception in thread "main" net.sf.cglib.core.CodeGenerationException: java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException-->null
at net.sf.cglib.core.AbstractClassGenerator.create(AbstractClassGenerator.java:237)
at net.sf.cglib.proxy.Enhancer.createHelper(Enhancer.java:377)
at net.sf.cglib.proxy.Enhancer.create(Enhancer.java:285)
at com.jony.java.TestMethodAreaOverflow.main(TestMethodAreaOverflow.java:26)
Caused by: java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException
at sun.reflect.GeneratedMethodAccessor1.invoke(Unknown Source)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:616)
at net.sf.cglib.core.ReflectUtils.defineClass(ReflectUtils.java:384)
at net.sf.cglib.core.AbstractClassGenerator.create(AbstractClassGenerator.java:219)
... 3 more
Caused by: java.lang.OutOfMemoryError: PermGen space
at java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClass1(Native Method)
at java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClass(ClassLoader.java:634)
... 8 more
4.Runtime Constant Pool In Method Area溢出
at net.sf.cglib.core.AbstractClassGenerator.create(AbstractClassGenerator.java:237)
at net.sf.cglib.proxy.Enhancer.createHelper(Enhancer.java:377)
at net.sf.cglib.proxy.Enhancer.create(Enhancer.java:285)
at com.jony.java.TestMethodAreaOverflow.main(TestMethodAreaOverflow.java:26)
Caused by: java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException
at sun.reflect.GeneratedMethodAccessor1.invoke(Unknown Source)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:616)
at net.sf.cglib.core.ReflectUtils.defineClass(ReflectUtils.java:384)
at net.sf.cglib.core.AbstractClassGenerator.create(AbstractClassGenerator.java:219)
... 3 more
Caused by: java.lang.OutOfMemoryError: PermGen space
at java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClass1(Native Method)
at java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClass(ClassLoader.java:634)
... 8 more
4.Runtime Constant Pool In Method Area溢出
在运行时产生大量常量就可以让Method Area溢出,运行时常量可以用String类的intern方法,不断产生新的常量。
package com.jony.java;
import java.util.ArrayList;
public class RCPverflow {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ArrayList<String> list = new ArrayList<String>();
int i = 0;
while (true) {
list.add(String.valueOf(i++).intern());
}
}
}
运行结果:
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.OutOfMemoryError: PermGen space
at java.lang.String.intern(Native Method)
at com.jony.java.RCPverflow.main(RCPverflow.java:11)
at java.lang.String.intern(Native Method)
at com.jony.java.RCPverflow.main(RCPverflow.java:11)
总结
在实际编程中要尽量避免此类错误,不过大多数程序设计的结构要比实例复杂很多,使得问题被应藏,但JVM内存溢出问题本质上就是以上几种问题,因此在实际编程中应该避免JVM内存溢出情况。