Core Java第十五章知识点总结——网络编程

Core Java第十五章知识点总结——网络编程


知识点预览


网络应用的结构

网络中的基本概念

TCP编程

UDP编程

URL编程


网络应用的结构

 

1. 网络应用的结构


 


 

2.  IP地址

a) 概念:用于唯一识别连接到Internet上的计算机

b) 地址表示形式

                       i.  IPV4:点分十进制表示方式,四个整数用点分开,每个十进制数字代表一个8bits整数 如 192.168.123.1

                     ii.   IPV6:点分十六进制表示方式,八个整数用点分开,每个十六进制数字代表一个16bits整数 如:CDCD:910A:2222:5498:8475:1111:3900:2020


3.域名 便于记忆 由DNS(域名服务器)进行解析


4.本地IP 127.0.0.1等同于localhost


5.端口号 数字 计算机网络中的计算机唯一标识一个软件(或者说进程)


6.协议

 


 

 

TCP编程

 

1.TCP协议简介

TCP协议是一个有连接、可靠的协议。

类似于打电话

可靠:数据不会丢失,接收方接收的数据包有序


2. TCP编程

java.net.Socket//套接字

java.net.ServerSocket


3. TCP编程的核心思路

a)开发服务器端

ServerSocket ss = newServerSocket();

ss.accept();

b) 开发客户端

Socket s = new Socket(“150.236.56.101”,9000);


 


 

4.总结

a)服务器端

                       i. 创建ServerSocket对象(并绑定端口)

                     ii.调用accept方法,等待客户端的连接

                   iii.调用getXXXStream,并进行I/O

                    iv.关闭Socket

b)  客户端

                       i.创建Socket对象,并连接服务器

                     ii. 调用getXXXStream,并进行I/O

                   iii.关闭Socket


5. 具体示例

a) 客户端发送一个helloworld串

 

package chp15.ex01;

import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.net.Socket;

/**
 * 
 * @Author: Wentasy
 * @FullName: TCPClient.java
 * @Description: TCP客户端的创建
 * @Create Date: 2012-8-20
 */
public class TCPClient {
	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
		//创建Socket对象(并连接服务器)
		Socket s = new Socket("127.0.0.1", 9001);
		//调用getXXXStream方法,进行I/O
		PrintWriter pw = new PrintWriter(s.getOutputStream());
		pw.println("hello world");
		pw.flush();
		//关闭 
		s.close();
	}
}

b) 服务器端接受字符串并打印                                                   

 

package chp15.ex01;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
/**
 * 
 * @Author: Wentasy
 * @FullName: TCPServer.java
 * @Description: TCP服务器端的创建
 * @Create Date: 2012-8-20
 */
public class TCPServer {
	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
		//创建ServerSocket对象(并绑定端口)
		ServerSocket ss = new ServerSocket(9001);
		//调用accept方法
		Socket s = ss.accept();
		
		//调用getXXXStream方法,进行I/O
		BufferedReader br = 
			new BufferedReader(
				new InputStreamReader(s.getInputStream())
			);
		String line = br.readLine();
		
		System.out.println(line);
		//关闭Socket
		s.close();
  }
} 

c)客户端发送一个helloworld串,并接受服务器端回传的from serve helloworld

 

package chp15.ex02;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.net.Socket;

/**
 * 
 * @Author: Wentasy
 * @FullName: TCPClient.java
 * @Description: TCP 客户端 完成读写
 * @Create Date: 2012-8-20
 */
public class TCPClient {
	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
		//创建Socket对象(并连接服务器)
		Socket s = new Socket("127.0.0.1", 9000);
		//调用getXXXStream方法,进行I/O
		PrintWriter pw = new PrintWriter(s.getOutputStream());
		pw.println("hello world");
		pw.flush();
    		
		BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(
				new InputStreamReader(s.getInputStream())
			);
		String line = br.readLine();
        System.out.println(line);
		//关闭Socket
		s.close();
	}
}

d)服务器端回传的from serve helloworld

 

package chp15.ex02;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;

/**
 * 
 * @Author: Wentasy
 * @FullName: TCPServer.java
 * @Description: TCP服务器端 完成读写
 * @Create Date: 2012-8-20
 */
public class TCPServer {
	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
		ServerSocket ss = new ServerSocket(9000);
		Socket s = ss.accept();
		
		BufferedReader br = 
			new BufferedReader(
				new InputStreamReader(s.getInputStream())
			);
		String line = br.readLine();
		
		PrintWriter pw = new PrintWriter(
				s.getOutputStream());
		pw.println("from server" + line );
		pw.flush();
		s.close();
	}
}

6. 程序存在的问题:服务器只能运行一次

while(true){

       调用accept()方法

        调用getXXXStream方法,进行I/O

关闭Socket

}

 

package chp15.ex03;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;

/**
 * 
 * @Author: Wentasy
 * @FullName: TCPServer.java
 * @Description: TCP 服务器端 带多线程
 * @Create Date: 2012-8-20
 */
class ServerThread extends Thread{
	private Socket s;
    public ServerThread(Socket s) {
		this.s = s;
	}
	public void run(){
		try{
			BufferedReader br = 
				new BufferedReader(
					new InputStreamReader(s.getInputStream())
				);
			String line = br.readLine();
			
			PrintWriter pw = new PrintWriter(
					s.getOutputStream());
			pw.println(line + " from server");
			pw.flush();
		} catch (IOException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}finally{try {s.close();} catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();}
		}
	}
}


public class TCPServer {
	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
		ServerSocket ss = new ServerSocket(9000);
		while(true){
		  Socket s = ss.accept();
		  Thread st = new ServerThread(s);
		  st.start();
		}
	}
}


package chp15.ex03;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.net.Socket;

/**
 * 
 * @Author: Wentasy
 * @FullName: TCPClient.java
 * @Description: TCP 客户端
 * @Create Date: 2012-8-20
 */
public class TCPClient {
	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
		//创建Socket对象(并连接服务器)
		Socket s = new Socket("127.0.0.1", 9000);
		//调用getXXXStream方法,进行I/O
		PrintWriter pw = new PrintWriter(s.getOutputStream());
		pw.println("hello world");
		pw.flush();
    		
		BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(
				new InputStreamReader(s.getInputStream())
			);
		String line = br.readLine();
        System.out.println(line);
		//关闭Socket
		s.close();
	}
}

UDP编程


1.UDP协议简介

UDP是一个无连接,不可靠的协议。即:数据的发送方只负责将数据发送出去,数据的接收方值负责接收数据。发送方和接收方不会相互确认数据的传输是否成功。

存在的意义:效率高,在实时性较强的场合适用。

示例:发短信


2.UDP编程

java.net.DatagramSocket(想象成传真机)

java.net.DatagramPacket(想象成传真机上的纸)


3.UDP编程的核心思路

a) 服务器端 DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(9000);

b) 客户端 DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket();

客户端不用端口号

端口号和协议相关 本机TCP和UDP可以使用相同的端口号


4. DatagramPacket

DatagramPacket(byte[] buf, int offset,int length);

DatagramPacket(byte[] buf, int offset,int length,SocketAddress);

SocketAddress:接口 使用时用它的实现类 InetSocketAddress

getAddress()/getSoketAddress()/getPort()/getLength()

setAddress()/setSoketAddress()/setPort()/setLength()

 

 

package chp15.ex05;

import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;

/**
 * 
 * @Author: Wentasy
 * @FullName: UDPServer.java
 * @Description: UDP 服务器端 完成读写
 * @Create Date: 2012-8-20
 */
public class UDPServer {
	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
		
		DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(9000);
	  
		byte[] buf = new byte[100];
		DatagramPacket paper = new DatagramPacket(
				buf, 0, buf.length);
		socket.receive(paper);
		String str = new String(buf, 0 , paper.getLength());
		System.out.println(str);
		
		byte[] data = "hello client".getBytes();
		DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(
							data, 0 ,data.length,
							paper.getSocketAddress()
				       );
		socket.send(packet);
		socket.close();
        
	}
}


package chp15.ex05;

import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;

/**
 * 
 * @Author: Wentasy
 * @FullName: UDPClient.java
 * @Description: UDP 客户端 完成读写
 * @Create Date: 2012-8-20
 */
public class UDPClient {
	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
		DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket();
		String str = "hello server";
		byte[] data = str.getBytes();
		DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(
				data, 0, data.length,
				new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1", 9000)
			);
		socket.send(packet);
		
		byte[] buf = new byte[100];
		DatagramPacket paper = new DatagramPacket(
					buf, 0, buf.length
				);
		socket.receive(paper);
		String msg = new String(buf, 0, paper.getLength());
		System.out.println(msg);
		socket.close();
	}
}

URL编程


1. URL概念

URL统一资源定位符——互联网中唯一定位一个资源


2. URL组成

协议名://主机名(或者IP地址):端口号/资源

http://localhost:8080/web/a.jpg

http://www.oracle.com/index.html


3. URL编程

a) URL

b)URLConnection


4. URL编程思路

a) 创建URL对象

b) 调用URL对象的openConnection方法获得URLConnection对象

c) 调用URLConnection对象的getInputStream方法,获得输入流,从而获得资源

d) I/O操作

e) 关闭资源


package chp15.ex06;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.URL;
import java.net.URLConnection;

/**
 * 
 * @Author: Wentasy
 * @FullName: TestURL.java
 * @Description: URL 编程
 * 				a)创建URL对象
				b)调用URL对象的openConnection方法获得URLConnection对象
				c)调用URLConnection对象的getInputStream方法,获得输入流,从而获得资源
				d)I/O操作
				e)关闭资源
 * @Create Date: 2012-8-20
 */
public class TestURL {
	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
		//创建URL对象
		URL url = new URL("http://www.oracle.com");
		//调用URL对象的openConnection方法,获得URLConnection
		URLConnection conn = url.openConnection();
		//调用URLConnection方法的getInputStream
		InputStream in = conn.getInputStream();
		//I/O操作
		BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(
				new InputStreamReader(in));
		String line = null;
		while( (line=br.readLine()) != null ){
			System.out.println(line);
		}
			br.close();
	 }

}


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