在Kubernetes集群中使用Redis部署PHP留言簿应用程序

最新推荐文章于 2023-07-26 18:26:20 发布

shaonbean

最新推荐文章于 2023-07-26 18:26:20 发布

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分类专栏：【Kubernetes】文章标签： kubernetes k8s

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/wh211212/article/details/79272939

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在Kubernetes集群中使用Redis部署PHP留言簿应用

本教程介绍如何构建和部署使用Kubernetes和一个简单的，多层次的Web应用程序Guestbook
参考教程：https://kubernetes.io/docs/tutorials/stateless-application/guestbook/

这里写图片描述

实验目标

启动一个Redis Master
启动一个Redis Slave
启动guestbook程序
展示和查看前端服务
清理

实验环境

需要有一个Kubernetes集群，以及kubectl命令行工具必须配置与集群通信

参考：http://mp.blog.csdn.net/mdeditor/index/79209551

在此可以检查k8s及相关工具版本：kubectl version

[root@aniu-k8s ~]# kubectl version
Client Version: version.Info{Major:"1", Minor:"9", GitVersion:"v1.9.2", GitCommit:"5fa2db2bd46ac79e5e00a4e6ed24191080aa463b", GitTreeState:"clean", BuildDate:"2018-01-18T10:09:24Z", GoVersion:"go1.9.2", Compiler:"gc", Platform:"linux/amd64"}
Server Version: version.Info{Major:"1", Minor:"9", GitVersion:"v1.9.2", GitCommit:"5fa2db2bd46ac79e5e00a4e6ed24191080aa463b", GitTreeState:"clean", BuildDate:"2018-01-18T09:42:01Z", GoVersion:"go1.9.2", Compiler:"gc", Platform:"linux/amd64"}

下载实验用到的配置文件：

笔者在k8s集群master服务器上创建了/opt/k8s/guestbook目录，下载上面的文件到目录如下：

[root@aniu-k8s ~]# cd /opt/k8s/guestbook/
[root@aniu-k8s guestbook]# ll
total 24
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1086 Feb  6 16:28 frontend-deployment.yaml
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  438 Feb  6 16:29 frontend-service.yaml
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  561 Feb  6 17:01 redis-master-deployment.yaml
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  233 Feb  6 17:14 redis-master-service.yaml
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1117 Feb  6 16:28 redis-slave-deployment.yaml
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  209 Feb  6 16:28 redis-slave-service.yaml

启动Redis Master

留言簿应用程序使用Redis来存储其数据。它将其数据写入Redis主实例，并从多个Redis从实例中读取数据

创建Redis Master部署配置文件

清单文件（如下所示）指定运行单个副本Redis master Pod的Deployment Controller。

在下载清单文件的目录中启动一个终端窗口
从redis-master-deployment.yaml文件应用Redis Master部署：

[root@aniu-k8s guestbook]# kubectl apply -f redis-master-deployment.yaml
Warning: kubectl apply should be used on resource created by either kubectl create --save-config or kubectl apply
deployment "redis-master" configured

redis-master-deployment.yaml

apiVersion: apps/v1 # for versions before 1.9.0 use apps/v1beta2
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: redis-master
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: redis
      role: master
      tier: backend
  replicas: 1
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: redis
        role: master
        tier: backend
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: master
        image: k8s.gcr.io/redis:e2e  # or just image: redis
        resources:
          requests:
            cpu: 100m
            memory: 100Mi
        ports:
        - containerPort: 6379

查询Pod的列表以验证Redis Master Pod正在运行

[root@aniu-k8s guestbook]# kubectl get pods
NAME                            READY     STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
redis-master-585798d8ff-g69wc   1/1       Running   0          28m

运行以下命令查看Redis Master Pod中的日志:

[root@aniu-k8s guestbook]# kubectl logs -f redis-master-585798d8ff-g69wc
                _._                                                  
           _.-``__ ''-._                                             
      _.-``    `.  `_.  ''-._           Redis 2.8.19 (00000000/0) 64 bit
  .-`` .-```.  ```\/    _.,_ ''-._                                   
 (    '      ,       .-`  | `,    )     Running in stand alone mode
 |`-._`-...-` __...-.``-._|'` _.-'|     Port: 6379
 |    `-._   `._    /     _.-'    |     PID: 1
  `-._    `-._  `-./  _.-'    _.-'                                   
 |`-._`-._    `-.__.-'    _.-'_.-'|                                  
 |    `-._`-._        _.-'_.-'    |           http://redis.io        
  `-._    `-._`-.__.-'_.-'    _.-'                                   
 |`-._`-._    `-.__.-'    _.-'_.-'|                                  
 |    `-._`-._        _.-'_.-'    |                                  
  `-._    `-._`-.__.-'_.-'    _.-'                                   
      `-._    `-.__.-'    _.-'                                       
          `-._        _.-'                                           
              `-.__.-'                                               
[1] 06 Feb 09:14:33.096 # Server started, Redis version 2.8.19
[1] 06 Feb 09:14:33.097 # WARNING: The TCP backlog setting of 511 cannot be enforced because /proc/sys/net/core/somaxconn is set to the lower value of 128.
[1] 06 Feb 09:14:33.097 * The server is now ready to accept connections on port 6379

创建Redis Master服务

留言簿应用程序需要与Redis主站通信以写入其数据。您需要应用服务将流量代理到Redis主Pod。服务定义访问Pod的策略

应用以下redis-master-service.yaml文件中的Redis Master服务：

[root@aniu-k8s guestbook]# kubectl apply -f redis-master-service.yaml
service "redis-master" created

redis-master-service.yaml

apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: redis-master
  labels:
    app: redis
    role: master
    tier: backend
spec:
  ports:
  - port: 6379
    targetPort: 6379
  selector:
    app: redis
    role: master
    tier: backend

查询服务列表以验证Redis主服务正在运行：

[root@aniu-k8s guestbook]# kubectl get service
NAME           TYPE        CLUSTER-IP      EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)    AGE
kubernetes     ClusterIP   10.96.0.1       <none>        443/TCP    6d
redis-master   ClusterIP   10.109.193.22   <none>        6379/TCP   6s

启动Redis Slaves服务

虽然Redis master是一个单独的pod，但是可以通过添加副本Redis Slaves来使其高度可用以满足流量需求

创建Redis Slaves部署

部署根据清单文件中设置的配置进行缩放。在这种情况下，Deployment对象指定两个副本

如果没有任何副本正在运行，则此部署将在您的容器群集上启动两个副本。相反，如果有两个以上的副本正在运行，则会缩小直到两个副本正在运行

从redis-slave-deployment.yaml文件应用Redis Slave部署：

[root@aniu-k8s guestbook]# kubectl apply -f redis-slave-deployment.yaml
deployment "redis-slave" created

redis-slave-deployment.yaml

apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: redis-master
  labels:
    app: redis
    role: master
    tier: backend
spec:
  ports:
  - port: 6379
    targetPort: 6379
  selector:
    app: redis
    role: master
    tier: backend
[root@aniu-k8s guestbook]# cat redis-slave-deployment.yaml 
apiVersion: apps/v1 # for versions before 1.9.0 use apps/v1beta2
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: redis-slave
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: redis
      role: slave
      tier: backend
  replicas: 2
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: redis
        role: slave
        tier: backend
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: slave
        image: gcr.io/google_samples/gb-redisslave:v1
        resources:
          requests:
            cpu: 100m
            memory: 100Mi
        env:
        - name: GET_HOSTS_FROM
          value: dns
          # Using `GET_HOSTS_FROM=dns` requires your cluster to
          # provide a dns service. As of Kubernetes 1.3, DNS is a built-in
          # service launched automatically. However, if the cluster you are using
          # does not have a built-in DNS service, you can instead
          # instead access an environment variable to find the master
          # service's host. To do so, comment out the 'value: dns' line above, and
          # uncomment the line below:
          # value: env
        ports:
        - containerPort: 6379

查询Pod的列表以验证Redis Slave Pod是否正在运行：

[root@aniu-k8s guestbook]# kubectl get pods
NAME                            READY     STATUS              RESTARTS   AGE
redis-master-585798d8ff-g69wc   1/1       Running             0          3m
redis-slave-865486c9df-tjvfn    0/1       ContainerCreating   0          27s
redis-slave-865486c9df-x76gb    1/1       Running

创建Redis Slave服务

留言簿应用程序需要与Redis Slave进行通信以读取数据。为了使Redis Slave可以被发现，需要建立一个服务。服务为一组Pod提供透明的负载平衡。

应用以下redis-slave-service.yaml文件中的Redis从服务

[root@aniu-k8s guestbook]# kubectl apply -f redis-slave-service.yaml
service "redis-slave" created

redis-slave-service.yaml

apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: redis-slave
  labels:
    app: redis
    role: slave
    tier: backend
spec:
  ports:
  - port: 6379
  selector:
    app: redis
    role: slave
    tier: backend

查询服务列表以验证Redis Slave服务是否正在运行

[root@aniu-k8s guestbook]# kubectl get services
NAME           TYPE        CLUSTER-IP       EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)    AGE
kubernetes     ClusterIP   10.96.0.1        <none>        443/TCP    6d
redis-master   ClusterIP   10.109.193.22    <none>        6379/TCP   2m
redis-slave    ClusterIP   10.101.252.227   <none>        6379/TCP   21s

设置和公开留言簿前端

留言簿应用程序有一个Web前端，用于使用PHP编写的HTTP请求。它被配置为连接到redis-master服务的写请求和redis-slave服务的读请求

创建留言簿前端部署

从以下frontend-deployment.yaml文件应用前端部署：

[root@aniu-k8s guestbook]# kubectl apply -f frontend-deployment.yaml
deployment "frontend" created

frontend-deployment.yaml

apiVersion: apps/v1 # for versions before 1.9.0 use apps/v1beta2
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: frontend
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: guestbook
      tier: frontend
  replicas: 3
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: guestbook
        tier: frontend
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: php-redis
        image: gcr.io/google-samples/gb-frontend:v4
        resources:
          requests:
            cpu: 100m
            memory: 100Mi
        env:
        - name: GET_HOSTS_FROM
          value: dns
          # Using `GET_HOSTS_FROM=dns` requires your cluster to
          # provide a dns service. As of Kubernetes 1.3, DNS is a built-in
          # service launched automatically. However, if the cluster you are using
          # does not have a built-in DNS service, you can instead
          # instead access an environment variable to find the master
          # service's host. To do so, comment out the 'value: dns' line above, and
          # uncomment the line below:
          # value: env
        ports:
        - containerPort: 80

查询Pod的列表以验证三个前端副本正在运行：

[root@aniu-k8s guestbook]# kubectl get pods -l app=guestbook -l tier=frontend
NAME                       READY     STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
frontend-67f65745c-lr25s   1/1       Running   0          1m
frontend-67f65745c-n798g   1/1       Running   0          1m
frontend-67f65745c-n92r4   1/1       Running   0          1m

创建前端服务

应用的redis-slave和redis-master服务只能在容器群集内访问，因为服务的默认类型是ClusterIP。 ClusterIP为服务指向的一组Pod提供一个IP地址。该IP地址只能在群集内访问。

如果希望guest虚拟机能够访问您的留言簿，则必须将前端服务配置为外部可见，以便客户端可以从容器群集外部请求该服务。 Minikube只能通过NodePort公开服务

应用以下frontend-service.yaml文件中的前端服务

[root@aniu-k8s guestbook]# kubectl apply -f frontend-service.yaml
service "frontend" created

frontend-service.yaml

apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: frontend
  labels:
    app: guestbook
    tier: frontend
spec:
  # comment or delete the following line if you want to use a LoadBalancer
  type: NodePort 
  # if your cluster supports it, uncomment the following to automatically create
  # an external load-balanced IP for the frontend service.
  # type: LoadBalancer
  ports:
  - port: 80
  selector:
    app: guestbook
    tier: frontend

查询服务列表以验证前端服务正在运行

[root@aniu-k8s guestbook]# kubectl get services 
NAME           TYPE        CLUSTER-IP       EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)        AGE
frontend       NodePort    10.103.1.159     <none>        80:31546/TCP   7s
kubernetes     ClusterIP   10.96.0.1        <none>        443/TCP        6d
redis-master   ClusterIP   10.109.193.22    <none>        6379/TCP       5m
redis-slave    ClusterIP   10.101.252.227   <none>        6379/TCP       4m

通过NodePort查看前端服务

如果您将此应用程序部署到Minikube或本地群集，则需要查找IP地址才能查看您的留言簿。

行以下命令获取前端服务的IP地址

minikube service frontend --url

复制IP地址，然后在浏览器中加载页面以查看您的留言簿。

通过LoadBalancer查看前端服务

运行以下命令获取前端服务的IP地址

[root@aniu-k8s guestbook]# kubectl get service frontend

复制外部IP地址，并在浏览器中加载页面以查看您的留言簿

扩展Web前端

放大或缩小很容易，因为我们的服务器被定义为使用部署控制器的服务

运行以下命令以放大前端Pod的数量

[root@aniu-k8s guestbook]# kubectl scale deployment frontend --replicas=5
deployment "frontend" scaled

查询Pod的列表以验证正在运行的前端Pod的数量：

[root@aniu-k8s guestbook]# kubectl get pods
NAME                            READY     STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
frontend-67f65745c-lr25s        1/1       Running   0          5m
frontend-67f65745c-n798g        1/1       Running   0          5m
frontend-67f65745c-n92r4        1/1       Running   0          5m
frontend-67f65745c-nsnfs        1/1       Running   0          7s
frontend-67f65745c-spjnm        1/1       Running   0          7s
redis-master-585798d8ff-g69wc   1/1       Running   0          10m
redis-slave-865486c9df-tjvfn    1/1       Running   0          8m
redis-slave-865486c9df-x76gb    1/1       Running   0          8m

运行以下命令以缩小前端Pod的数量：

[root@aniu-k8s guestbook]# kubectl scale deployment frontend --replicas=2
deployment "frontend" scaled
[root@aniu-k8s guestbook]# kubectl get pods
NAME                            READY     STATUS        RESTARTS   AGE
frontend-67f65745c-lr25s        1/1       Running       0          50m
frontend-67f65745c-n798g        1/1       Running       0          50m
frontend-67f65745c-n92r4        0/1       Terminating   0          50m
frontend-67f65745c-spjnm        0/1       Terminating   0          45m
redis-master-585798d8ff-g69wc   1/1       Running       0          56m
redis-slave-865486c9df-tjvfn    1/1       Running       0          53m
redis-slave-865486c9df-x76gb    1/1       Running       0          53m

清理pods及services

删除部署和服务也会删除任何正在运行的Pod。使用标签可以用一个命令删除多个资源。

运行以下命令删除所有Pod，Deployments和Services。

kubectl delete deployment -l app=redis
kubectl delete service -l app=redis
kubectl delete deployment -l app=guestbook
kubectl delete service -l app=guestbook

回显如下：

deployment "redis-master" deleted
deployment "redis-slave" deleted
service "redis-master" deleted
service "redis-slave" deleted
deployment "frontend" deleted    
service "frontend" deleted

查询Pod的列表以验证没有Pod正在运行：

kubectl get pods
# 
No resources found.

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在Kubernetes集群中使用Redis部署PHP留言簿应用程序

在Kubernetes集群中使用Redis部署PHP留言簿应用本教程介绍如何构建和部署使用Kubernetes和一个简单的，多层次的Web应用程序Guestbook 参考教程：https://kubernetes.io/docs/tutorials/stateless-application/guestbook/实验目标启动一个Redis Master启动一个Re
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