一般来说,我们为了得到更完整的结果,我们需要从两个或更多的表中获取结果,我一般都是用select xxx,xxx from 表1,表2 where 表1.xxx=表2.xxx,我们一般都是进行的是这般的操作,其实mysql中还有一种操作,那就是join的操作,例如底下有两个表:
请看 "Persons" 表:
Id_P | LastName | FirstName | Address | City |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Adams | John | Oxford Street | London |
2 | Bush | George | Fifth Avenue | New York |
3 | Carter | Thomas | Changan Street | Beijing |
接下来请看 "Orders" 表:
Id_O | OrderNo | Id_P |
---|---|---|
1 | 77895 | 3 |
2 | 44678 | 3 |
3 | 22456 | 1 |
4 | 24562 | 1 |
5 | 34764 | 65 |
以上的这两个表,然后我们把它们进行连接查询
SELECT Persons.LastName, Persons.FirstName, Orders.OrderNo
FROM Persons, Orders
WHERE Persons.Id_P = Orders.Id_P
结果集:
LastName | FirstName | OrderNo |
---|---|---|
Adams | John | 22456 |
Adams | John | 24562 |
Carter | Thomas | 77895 |
Carter | Thomas | 44678 |
如果使用关键词JOIN来从两个表中获取数据
SELECT Persons.LastName, Persons.FirstName, Orders.OrderNo
FROM Persons
INNER JOIN Orders
ON Persons.Id_P = Orders.Id_P
ORDER BY Persons.LastName
结果集:
LastName | FirstName | OrderNo |
---|---|---|
Adams | John | 22456 |
Adams | John | 24562 |
Carter | Thomas | 77895 |
Carter | Thomas | 44678 |
不同的 SQL JOIN
- JOIN: 如果表中有至少一个匹配,则返回行
- LEFT JOIN: 即使右表中没有匹配,也从左表返回所有的行
- RIGHT JOIN: 即使左表中没有匹配,也从右表返回所有的行
- FULL JOIN: 只要其中一个表中存在匹配,就返回行
LEFT JOIN 关键字语法
"Persons" 表:
Id_P | LastName | FirstName | Address | City |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Adams | John | Oxford Street | London |
2 | Bush | George | Fifth Avenue | New York |
3 | Carter | Thomas | Changan Street | Beijing |
"Orders" 表:
Id_O | OrderNo | Id_P |
---|---|---|
1 | 77895 | 3 |
2 | 44678 | 3 |
3 | 22456 | 1 |
4 | 24562 | 1 |
5 | 34764 | 65 |
SELECT Persons.LastName, Persons.FirstName, Orders.OrderNo FROM Persons LEFT JOIN Orders ON Persons.Id_P=Orders.Id_P ORDER BY Persons.LastName
结果集:
LastName | FirstName | OrderNo |
---|---|---|
Adams | John | 22456 |
Adams | John | 24562 |
Carter | Thomas | 77895 |
Carter | Thomas | 44678 |
Bush | George |
SQL RIGHT JOIN 关键字
"Persons" 表:
Id_P | LastName | FirstName | Address | City |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Adams | John | Oxford Street | London |
2 | Bush | George | Fifth Avenue | New York |
3 | Carter | Thomas | Changan Street | Beijing |
"Orders" 表:
Id_O | OrderNo | Id_P |
---|---|---|
1 | 77895 | 3 |
2 | 44678 | 3 |
3 | 22456 | 1 |
4 | 24562 | 1 |
5 | 34764 | 65 |
SELECT Persons.LastName, Persons.FirstName, Orders.OrderNo FROM Persons RIGHT JOIN Orders ON Persons.Id_P=Orders.Id_P ORDER BY Persons.LastName
结果集:
LastName | FirstName | OrderNo |
---|---|---|
Adams | John | 22456 |
Adams | John | 24562 |
Carter | Thomas | 77895 |
Carter | Thomas | 44678 |
34764 |
SQL FULL JOIN 关键字
"Persons" 表:
Id_P | LastName | FirstName | Address | City |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Adams | John | Oxford Street | London |
2 | Bush | George | Fifth Avenue | New York |
3 | Carter | Thomas | Changan Street | Beijing |
"Orders" 表:
Id_O | OrderNo | Id_P |
---|---|---|
1 | 77895 | 3 |
2 | 44678 | 3 |
3 | 22456 | 1 |
4 | 24562 | 1 |
5 | 34764 | 65 |
全连接(FULL JOIN)实例
SELECT Persons.LastName, Persons.FirstName, Orders.OrderNo FROM Persons FULL JOIN Orders ON Persons.Id_P=Orders.Id_P ORDER BY Persons.LastName
结果集:
LastName | FirstName | OrderNo |
---|---|---|
Adams | John | 22456 |
Adams | John | 24562 |
Carter | Thomas | 77895 |
Carter | Thomas | 44678 |
Bush | George | |
34764 |