mysql两表联合查询的四种情况

一般来说，我们为了得到更完整的结果，我们需要从两个或更多的表中获取结果，我一般都是用select xxx,xxx from 表1，表2 where 表1.xxx=表2.xxx,我们一般都是进行的是这般的操作，其实mysql中还有一种操作，那就是join的操作，例如底下有两个表:

请看 "Persons" 表：

Id_P	LastName	FirstName	Address	City
1	Adams	John	Oxford Street	London
2	Bush	George	Fifth Avenue	New York
3	Carter	Thomas	Changan Street	Beijing

接下来请看 "Orders" 表：

Id_O	OrderNo	Id_P
1	77895	3
2	44678	3
3	22456	1
4	24562	1
5	34764	65

以上的这两个表，然后我们把它们进行连接查询

SELECT Persons.LastName, Persons.FirstName, Orders.OrderNo
FROM Persons, Orders
WHERE Persons.Id_P = Orders.Id_P 

结果集：

LastName	FirstName	OrderNo
Adams	John	22456
Adams	John	24562
Carter	Thomas	77895
Carter	Thomas	44678

如果使用关键词JOIN来从两个表中获取数据

SELECT Persons.LastName, Persons.FirstName, Orders.OrderNo
FROM Persons
INNER JOIN Orders
ON Persons.Id_P = Orders.Id_P
ORDER BY Persons.LastName

结果集：

LastName	FirstName	OrderNo
Adams	John	22456
Adams	John	24562
Carter	Thomas	77895
Carter	Thomas	44678

则inner join 与上面的普通查询没有区别

不同的 SQL JOIN

• JOIN: 如果表中有至少一个匹配，则返回行
• LEFT JOIN: 即使右表中没有匹配，也从左表返回所有的行
• RIGHT JOIN: 即使左表中没有匹配，也从右表返回所有的行
• FULL JOIN: 只要其中一个表中存在匹配，就返回行 

LEFT JOIN 关键字语法

"Persons" 表：

Id_P	LastName	FirstName	Address	City
1	Adams	John	Oxford Street	London
2	Bush	George	Fifth Avenue	New York
3	Carter	Thomas	Changan Street	Beijing

"Orders" 表：

Id_O	OrderNo	Id_P
1	77895	3
2	44678	3
3	22456	1
4	24562	1
5	34764	65

SELECT Persons.LastName, Persons.FirstName, Orders.OrderNo
FROM Persons
LEFT JOIN Orders
ON Persons.Id_P=Orders.Id_P
ORDER BY Persons.LastName

结果集：

LastName	FirstName	OrderNo
Adams	John	22456
Adams	John	24562
Carter	Thomas	77895
Carter	Thomas	44678
Bush	George

SQL RIGHT JOIN 关键字

"Persons" 表：

Id_P	LastName	FirstName	Address	City
1	Adams	John	Oxford Street	London
2	Bush	George	Fifth Avenue	New York
3	Carter	Thomas	Changan Street	Beijing

"Orders" 表：

Id_O	OrderNo	Id_P
1	77895	3
2	44678	3
3	22456	1
4	24562	1
5	34764	65

SELECT Persons.LastName, Persons.FirstName, Orders.OrderNo
FROM Persons
RIGHT JOIN Orders
ON Persons.Id_P=Orders.Id_P
ORDER BY Persons.LastName

结果集：

LastName	FirstName	OrderNo
Adams	John	22456
Adams	John	24562
Carter	Thomas	77895
Carter	Thomas	44678
		34764

SQL FULL JOIN 关键字

"Persons" 表：

Id_P	LastName	FirstName	Address	City
1	Adams	John	Oxford Street	London
2	Bush	George	Fifth Avenue	New York
3	Carter	Thomas	Changan Street	Beijing

"Orders" 表：

Id_O	OrderNo	Id_P
1	77895	3
2	44678	3
3	22456	1
4	24562	1
5	34764	65

全连接（FULL JOIN）实例

SELECT Persons.LastName, Persons.FirstName, Orders.OrderNo
FROM Persons
FULL JOIN Orders
ON Persons.Id_P=Orders.Id_P
ORDER BY Persons.LastName

结果集：

LastName	FirstName	OrderNo
Adams	John	22456
Adams	John	24562
Carter	Thomas	77895
Carter	Thomas	44678
Bush	George
		34764