[转]Quick Tip: Error: 18456, Severity: 14, State: 38.

原文链接：http://www.ssistalk.com/2011/05/06/quick-tip-error-18456-severity-14-state-38/

When trying to investigate the SQL error, “Error: 18456, Severity: 14, State: 38.” it can be frustrating when not a single log on the system will tell you what the actual problem is. In the case of state 38 (16 or 27 prior to SQL 2008) this error means the database specified in the client connection does not exist, or is offline. In a large shop with many various clients it can be hard to find out the source of the connection, so you’re option is to use the tools at your disposal.

The SQL Error Log does not help much at all. Here’s what’s in the SQL Error log:
2011-05-06 09:06:17.28 Logon Error: 18456, Severity: 14, State: 38.
2011-05-06 09:06:17.28 Logon Login failed for user ‘DOMAIN\ssrs.service’. Reason: Failed to open the explicitly specified database. [CLIENT: 192.168.0.147]

The Windows Application log is not much help either.
Login failed for user ‘DOMAIN\ssrs.service’. Reason: Failed to open the explicitly specified database. [CLIENT: 192.168.0.147]

In other words, useless for troubleshooting. The way to obtain the database name the client is trying to connect to is to use SQL Server Profiler.

To set up SQL Server Profiler, connect to the SQL instance where the error is occuring and then track the following events:
Errors and Warnings: User Error Message
Security Audit: Audit Login Failed

For these two events, make sure you capture at least the following columns: ApplicationName, HostName, LoginName, SPID (required), StartTime, TextData (where the message text will be), Severity, State, ClientProcessID, and Error.

Then run the trace. You’ll see the following data under the “User Error Message” event when the login failure occurs:
Cannot open database “DatabaseName” requested by the login. The login failed.
For the “Audit Login Failed” event you’ll see the following data:
Login failed for user ‘BLUENE\ssrs.service’. Reason: Failed to open the explicitly specified database. [CLIENT: 192.168.0.147]

Using this information (and the rest of the info in the other columns you selected), you should be able to go to the source and identify which process is trying to connect to the specified database and take appropriate action.

If you’re interested in the other states that error 18456 can generate, please visit fellow MVP Aaron Bertrand’s page on this topic for a very nice listing.

Attached is the SQL Profiler Trace Template for SQL 2008 instances if you want to import it instead of manually configuring SQL Profiler. To import the template, in SQL Server Profiler, go to File->Templates and select Import…

SQL_Login_Failures_Profiler_Template.tdf (860 bytes)