非谓语动词---不定式作名词

非谓语动词—不定式作名词

不定式有两种，一种为原型不定式，一种为“to+动词原型”构成的不定式。原型不定式较为简单，通常所说的不定式指的是第二种。

1.不定式的功能

由“to+动词原型”构成的不定式有三种功能。

1. 不定式作名词用
2. 不定式作形容词用
3. 不定式副词用

2.不定式做名词

不定式做名词又可以分为3类

a.名词不定式做主语

名词不定式做主语表意愿或者未完成的事。

Eg.

　　1.To marry Marry is my goal.

　　2.To take a trip around the world has been my dream.

　　3.To win the championship is my ambition.

注意：

1).名词不定式做主语时，可以用形式主语it取代，这是较为常用的结构。常用句型为it is…to do V。因此，上面的例句可以改为：

　　1.It is my goal to marry Marry.

　　2.It has long been my dream to take a trip around the world.

　　3.It is my ambition to win the championship.

2).名词不定式作主语时，be动词后的表语如果为名词，一定为表意愿、目的、企图等名词。常见的有：

plan，purpose，attempt，goal，aim，ambition，dream，ideal，wish，hope，desicion，determination，proposal

b.名词不定式做及物动词谓语

Eg.

　　1.I want to buy a car.

　　2.I want to see him.

　　3.He intends to try it.

　　4.I want to take a trip abroad next year.

　　5.He intends to visit John that morning.

注意

1).名词不定式不能做介词的宾语

　　I am interesting in to climb mountains (×)

　　I am interesting in climbing mountains (√)

2).名词不定式不能直接做不完全及物动词的宾语，必须要以形式宾语it代替。加了宾语补语之后再接名词不定式。句型如:

S+V+it+宾语补语(形容词/名词)+名词不定式

其中，it为形式宾语，名词不定式为真正的宾语。

Eg.

　　1.I find it interesting to climb mountains.

　　2.I think it necessary for him to do it.

　　3.I deem it an honor to give this speech.

　　4.I thought it better not to go there alone.

　　5.I make it a rule to get up early.

c.名词不定式在be动词后作表语

此时的主语均为表达意愿的词。

Eg.

　　1.My plan is to see him.

　　2.His only wish at present is to sleep.

　　3.Her goal is simply to become a teacher.

　　4.His resolution is to become a scientist.

注意

1).名词不定式既可作主语，也可做be动词之后的表语，形成A is B的概念

Eg.

　　1.To see is to believe.

　　=Seeing is believing

　　2.To love her this way is to worship her.

　　=Loving her this way is worshipping her.

2).下列句型中，to可以省略，直接用动词原型作表语。

Eg.

　　1.All you have to do is (to) take a good rest.

　　2.What you should do is simply (to) apologize to him.

　　3.All I can do is (to) wait.

　　4.All I did yesterday was (to) eat and sleep.