维度模型数据仓库（十七） —— 无事实的事实表

（五）进阶技术
        12. 无事实的事实表
        本篇讨论一种技术，用来处理源数据中没有度量的需求。例如，产品源数据不包含产品数量信息，如果系统需要得到产品的数量，很显然不能简单地从数据仓库中直接得到。这时就要用到无事实的事实表技术。使用此技术可以通过持续跟踪产品的发布来计算产品的数量。可以创建一个只有产品（计什么数）和日期（什么时候计数）维度代理键的事实表。之所以叫做无事实的事实表是因为表本身并没有度量。

        产品发布的无事实事实表  本节说明如何实现一个产品发布的无事实事实表，包括新增和初始装载product_count_fact表。图（五）- 12-1显示了跟踪产品发布数量的数据仓库模式（只显示与product_count_fact表有关的表）。

图（五）- 12-1

        执行清单（五）-12-1里的脚本创建产品发布日期视图和无事实事实表。

USE dw;

CREATE VIEW product_launch_date_dim (product_launch_date_sk , product_launch_date , month_name , month , quarter , year , promo_ind , effective_date , expiry_date) AS
    SELECT DISTINCT
        date_sk,
        date,
        month_name,
        month,
        quarter,
        year,
        promo_ind,
        b.effective_date,
        b.expiry_date
    FROM
        product_dim a,
        date_dim b
    WHERE
        a.effective_date = b.date;

CREATE TABLE product_count_fact (
    product_sk INT,
    product_launch_date_sk INT,
    primary key (product_sk , product_launch_date_sk),
    foreign key (product_sk)
        references product_dim (product_sk)
        on delete cascade on update cascade,
    foreign key (product_launch_date_sk)
        references date_dim (date_sk)
        on delete cascade on update cascade
);

清单（五）-12-1

        说明：产品发布日期视图只取产品生效日期，并不是日期维度里的所有日期。product_launch_date_dim维度表是日期维度表的子集。

        下面要初始装载product_count_fact表。清单（五）-12-2从product_dim表向product_count_fact表装载已有的产品发布信息。脚本里的insert添加所有产品的第一个版本（即产品的首次发布日期）。注意做了GROUP BY的select语句返回最早插入的行，这正确地选取了产品发布时的生效日期，而不是一个SCD2行的生效日期。

USE dw;

TRUNCATE product_count_fact;
/* for new products                                                   */
INSERT INTO product_count_fact(product_sk, product_launch_date_sk)
SELECT
  a.product_sk
, b.date_sk
FROM
  product_dim a
, date_dim b
WHERE
a.effective_date = b.date
GROUP BY product_code;

COMMIT;

清单（五）-12-2

        图（五）- 12-2到图（五）- 12-6所示为使用Kettle初始装载产品数量事实表的步骤。

图（五）- 12-2

图（五）- 12-3

图（五）- 12-4

图（五）- 12-5

图（五）- 12-6

        注意：

1. “产品维度”步骤里的查询使用了version = 1过滤条件，而没有用清单（五）-12-2里面的group by，但结果是等价的。
2. “流查询”步骤的主数据流步骤为“产品维度”，查找数据流步骤为“日期维度”。查找数据流有8036条数据，主数据流有6条数据。
3. 查找数据流中的数据会被一直读取，直到数据全部（8036条）读入缓存，才进行流查询。
4. 流查询步骤是依据主数据流查找匹配条件的查找数据流，所以该步骤的输出记录数与主数据流记录数相同（4条）。

        使用下面的语句查询product_count_fact表以确认正确执行了初始装载，查询语句和结果显示如下。
mysql> select * from product_count_fact;
+------------+------------------------+
| product_sk | product_launch_date_sk |
+------------+------------------------+
|          1 |                   4809 |
|          2 |                   4809 |
|          3 |                   4809 |
|          5 |                   5539 |
+------------+------------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

        修改DW定期装载脚本
        修改了数据仓库模式后，还需要修改定期装载脚本。该脚本在导入product_dim表后还要导入product_count_fact表。清单（五）-12-3显示了修改后的定期装载脚本。实际上只是把清单（五）-12-2中的脚本加在了清单（五）- 9-2里的装载订单事实表之前。

USE dw;

-- 设置SCD的截止时间和生效时间
SET @pre_date = SUBDATE(CURRENT_DATE,1) ;

-- 设置CDC的上限时间
UPDATE cdc_time SET current_load = CURRENT_DATE ;

-- 装载客户维度
TRUNCATE TABLE customer_stg;
INSERT INTO customer_stg
SELECT 
  customer_number
, customer_name
, customer_street_address
, customer_zip_code
, customer_city
, customer_state
, shipping_address
, shipping_zip_code
, shipping_city
, shipping_state
FROM source.customer ;
/* 在所有地址列上 SCD2                           */
/* 置过期                          */
UPDATE customer_dim a,
    customer_stg b 
SET 
    expiry_date = @pre_date
WHERE
    a.customer_number = b.customer_number
        AND (a.customer_street_address <> b.customer_street_address
        OR a.customer_city <> b.customer_city
        OR a.customer_zip_code <> b.customer_zip_code
        OR a.customer_state <> b.customer_state
        OR a.shipping_address <> b.shipping_address
        OR a.shipping_city <> b.shipping_city
        OR a.shipping_zip_code <> b.shipping_zip_code
        OR a.shipping_state <> b.shipping_state
        OR a.shipping_address IS NULL
        OR a.shipping_city IS NULL
        OR a.shipping_zip_code IS NULL
        OR a.shipping_state IS NULL)
        AND expiry_date = '2200-01-01';
/* 加新行                          */
INSERT INTO customer_dim
SELECT
  NULL
, b.customer_number
, b.customer_name
, b.customer_street_address
, b.customer_zip_code
, b.customer_city
, b.customer_state
, b.shipping_address
, b.shipping_zip_code
, b.shipping_city
, b.shipping_state
, a.version + 1
, @pre_date
, '2200-01-01'
FROM
  customer_dim a
, customer_stg b
WHERE
    a.customer_number = b.customer_number
AND ( a.customer_street_address <> b.customer_street_address
     OR a.customer_city <> b.customer_city
     OR a.customer_zip_code <> b.customer_zip_code
     OR a.customer_state <> b.customer_state
     OR a.shipping_address <> b.shipping_address
     OR a.shipping_city <> b.shipping_city
     OR a.shipping_zip_code <> b.shipping_zip_code
     OR a.shipping_state <> b.shipping_state
     OR a.shipping_address IS NULL
     OR a.shipping_city IS NULL
     OR a.shipping_zip_code IS NULL
     OR a.shipping_state IS NULL)
AND EXISTS(
SELECT *
FROM customer_dim x
WHERE
    b.customer_number=x.customer_number
AND a.expiry_date = @pre_date )
AND NOT EXISTS (
SELECT *
FROM customer_dim y
WHERE
    b.customer_number = y.customer_number
AND y.expiry_date = '2200-01-01') ;
/* 在 customer_name 列上 SCD1                                             */
UPDATE customer_dim a, customer_stg b
SET a.customer_name = b.customer_name
WHERE a.customer_number = b.customer_number
      AND a.customer_name <> b.customer_name ;
/* 新增的客户                                                   */
INSERT INTO customer_dim
SELECT
  NULL
, customer_number
, customer_name
, customer_street_address
, customer_zip_code
, customer_city
, customer_state
, shipping_address
, shipping_zip_code
, shipping_city
, shipping_state
, 1
, @pre_date
,'2200-01-01'
FROM customer_stg
WHERE customer_number NOT IN(
SELECT y.customer_number
FROM customer_dim x, customer_stg y
WHERE x.customer_number = y.customer_number) ;

/* 重建PA客户维度                               */
TRUNCATE pa_customer_dim;
INSERT INTO pa_customer_dim
SELECT
  customer_sk
, customer_number
, customer_name
, customer_street_address
, customer_zip_code
, customer_city
, customer_state
, shipping_address
, shipping_zip_code
, shipping_city
, shipping_state
, version
, effective_date
, expiry_date
FROM customer_dim
WHERE customer_state = 'PA' ;

/* 装载产品维度                                           */
TRUNCATE TABLE product_stg ;
INSERT INTO product_stg
SELECT 
  product_code
, product_name
, product_category
FROM source.product ;
/* 在 product_name 和 product_category 列上 SCD2                                    */
/* 置过期                                 */
UPDATE
  product_dim a
, product_stg b
SET
  expiry_date = @pre_date
WHERE
    a.product_code = b.product_code
AND (   a.product_name <> b.product_name
     OR a.product_category <> b.product_category)
AND expiry_date = '2200-01-01';
/* 加新行                                */
INSERT INTO product_dim
SELECT
  NULL
, b.product_code
, b.product_name
, b.product_category
, a.version + 1
, @pre_date
,'2200-01-01'
FROM
  product_dim a
, product_stg b
WHERE
    a.product_code = b.product_code
AND (   a.product_name <> b.product_name
     OR a.product_category <> b.product_category)
AND EXISTS(
SELECT *
FROM product_dim x
WHERE     b.product_code = x.product_code
      AND a.expiry_date = @pre_date)
AND NOT EXISTS (
SELECT *
FROM product_dim y
WHERE     b.product_code = y.product_code
      AND y.expiry_date = '2200-01-01') ;
/* 新增的产品                                                    */
INSERT INTO product_dim
SELECT
  NULL
, product_code
, product_name
, product_category
, 1
, @pre_date
, '2200-01-01'
FROM product_stg
WHERE product_code NOT IN(
SELECT y.product_code
FROM product_dim x, product_stg y
WHERE x.product_code = y.product_code) ;

/* PRODUCT_COUNT_FACT POPULATION                                       */
TRUNCATE product_count_fact;

INSERT INTO product_count_fact(product_sk, product_launch_date_sk)
SELECT
  a.product_sk
, b.date_sk
FROM
  product_dim a
, date_dim b
WHERE
a.effective_date = b.date
GROUP BY product_code;
/* END OF PRODUCT_COUNT_FACT POPULATION                                */

-- 装载事实表，新增前一天的订单
INSERT INTO sales_order_fact
SELECT
  customer_sk
, product_sk
, g.sales_order_attribute_sk
, e.order_date_sk
, NULL
, NULL
, NULL
, NULL
, a.order_number
, f.request_delivery_date_sk
, order_amount
, quantity
, NULL
, NULL
, NULL
, NULL
FROM
  source.sales_order a
, customer_dim c
, product_dim d
, order_date_dim e
, request_delivery_date_dim f
, sales_order_attribute_dim g
, cdc_time h
WHERE
	a.order_status = 'N'
AND a.customer_number = c.customer_number
AND a.status_date >= c.effective_date
AND a.status_date < c.expiry_date
AND a.product_code = d.product_code
AND a.status_date >= d.effective_date
AND a.status_date < d.expiry_date
AND a.status_date = e.order_date
AND a.request_delivery_date = f.request_delivery_date
AND a.verification_ind = g.verification_ind
AND a.credit_check_flag = g.credit_check_flag
AND a.new_customer_ind = g.new_customer_ind
AND a.web_order_flag = g.web_order_flag
AND a.entry_date >= h.last_load AND a.entry_date < h.current_load ;

/* UPDATING the new sales order to Allocated status           */
UPDATE sales_order_fact a,
    source.sales_order b,
    allocate_date_dim c,
    cdc_time h
SET 
    a.allocate_date_sk = c.allocate_date_sk,
    a.allocate_quantity = b.quantity
WHERE
    order_status = 'A'
        AND b.entry_date >= h.last_load AND b.entry_date < h.current_load
        AND b.order_number = a.order_number
        AND c.allocate_date = b.status_date ;

/* UPDATING the allocated order to Packed status              */
UPDATE sales_order_fact a,
    source.sales_order b,
    packing_date_dim d,
    cdc_time h
SET 
    a.packing_date_sk = d.packing_date_sk,
    a.packing_quantity = b.quantity
WHERE
    order_status = 'P'
        AND b.entry_date >= h.last_load AND b.entry_date < h.current_load
        AND b.order_number = a.order_number
        AND d.packing_date = b.status_date ;

/* UPDATING the packed order to Shipped status                */
UPDATE sales_order_fact a,
    source.sales_order b,
    ship_date_dim e,
    cdc_time h
SET 
    a.ship_date_sk = e.ship_date_sk,
    a.ship_quantity = b.quantity
WHERE
    order_status = 'S'
        AND b.entry_date >= h.last_load AND b.entry_date < h.current_load
        AND b.order_number = a.order_number
        AND e.ship_date = b.status_date ;

/* UPDATING the shipped order to Received status              */
UPDATE sales_order_fact a,
    source.sales_order b,
    receive_date_dim f,
    cdc_time h
SET 
    a.receive_date_sk = f.receive_date_sk,
    a.receive_quantity = b.quantity
WHERE
    order_status = 'R'
        AND b.entry_date >= h.last_load AND b.entry_date < h.current_load
        AND b.order_number = a.order_number
        AND f.receive_date = b.status_date ;

-- 更新时间戳表的last_load字段
UPDATE cdc_time SET last_load = current_load ;

COMMIT ;

清单（五）-12-3

        使用Kettle作业定期装载，只对（五）进阶技术9. “杂项维度”中的定期装载做了两点修改：“清空过渡表”作业项加了清空product_count_fact表；把初始装载产品数量事实表的步骤合并到了“装载事实表（定期）”作业项里。如图（五）- 12-7、图（五）- 12-8所示。

图（五）- 12-7

图（五）- 12-8

        测试定期装载
        在测试修改的定期装载前，要做两点准备。
        第一，修改源数据库的product表，把产品编码为1的产品名称改为‘Regular Hard Disk Drive’，并新增一个产品‘High End Hard Disk Drive’（产品编码为5）。执行清单（五）-12-4里的脚本完成此此修改。查询修改后的产品数据如下所示。
mysql> select * from source.product;
+--------------+--------------------------+------------------+
| product_code | product_name             | product_category |
+--------------+--------------------------+------------------+
|            1 | Regular Hard Disk Drive  | Storage          |
|            2 | Floppy Drive             | Storage          |
|            3 | Flat Panel               | Monitor          |
|            4 | Keyboard                 | Peripheral       |
|            5 | High End Hard Disk Drive | Storage          |
+--------------+--------------------------+------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

use source;

update product set product_name = 'Regular Hard Disk Drive' where product_code=1;
insert into product values (5, 'High End Hard Disk Drive', 'Storage');

commit;

清单（五）-12-4

        第二，把系统日期改为2015年3月20日（一个晚于（五）进阶技术9. “杂项维度”中的定期装载最后执行日期，即晚于2015年3月17日的日期）。
        现在执行清单（五）-12-3里的脚本或对应的Kettle作业，通过查询product_count_fact表确认定期装载执行正确。查询语句和结果如下所示。
mysql> SELECT
    ->     c.product_sk psk,
    ->     c.product_code pc,
    ->     b.product_launch_date_sk plsk,
    ->     b.product_launch_date pld
    -> FROM
    ->     product_count_fact a,
    ->     product_launch_date_dim b,
    ->     product_dim c
    -> WHERE
    ->     a.product_launch_date_sk = b.product_launch_date_sk
    ->         AND a.product_sk = c.product_sk
    -> ORDER BY product_code , product_launch_date;
+-----+------+------+------------+
| psk | pc   | plsk | pld        |
+-----+------+------+------------+
|   1 |    1 | 4809 | 2013-03-01 |
|   2 |    2 | 4809 | 2013-03-01 |
|   3 |    3 | 4809 | 2013-03-01 |
|   5 |    4 | 5539 | 2015-03-01 |
|   7 |    5 | 5557 | 2015-03-19 |
+-----+------+------+------------+
5 rows in set (0.06 sec)