Struts

Struts

一，搭建一个Struts2项目的步骤：

1.引入Struts2依赖的jar包

2.在web.xml文件中配置一个Filter拦截所有的请求，让转入Struts2工作体系

StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter是Struts2的核心的控制器

<filter>

                   <filter-name>struts2</filter-name>

                   <filter-class>                       org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter.class

                   </filter-class>

          </filter>

          <filter-mapping>

                   <filter-name>struts2</filter-name>

                   <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>

          </filter-mapping>

3.在src文件下新建一个struts.xml 文件    ，这是Struts2的核心配置文件，配置如下例子

eg：

<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC

        "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN"

        "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd">

<struts>

          <package name="/" extends="struts-default" namespace="/">

//package 的name自己取名，只要是唯一的就行；namespece是构成访问路径的一部分

                   <action name="reg" class="com.zt.action.RegAction">

                             <result>/success.jsp</result>

                   </action>

//reg也是访问路径的一部分

                   <action name="login" class="com.zt.action.LoginAction">

                             <result>/success.jsp</result>

                   </action>

          </package>

</struts>

4.编写一个处理用户请求的Action类

     Struts2的action可以是一个简单的java类，

也可以继承ActionSupport 类。

注意1.类名的全路径必须是3步骤中配置的类路径com.zt.action.RegAction

       2.访问Action时候根据namespace+Action name来访问的

例如如果配置如下，

<struts>

          <package name="user" extends="struts-default" namespace="/user">

//package 的name自己取名，只要是唯一的就行

                   <action name="hello" class="com.zt.action.HelloAction">

                             <result name="success">/success.jsp</result>

                             <result name="error">/error.jsp</result>

                   </action>

          </package>

</struts>

则访问HelloAction 就需要工程名+/user/hello

4.Action中获取表单值

     1：字段驱动

          Action中属性名与页面表单中的input name进行一一对应，给上set方法，就会自动注入页面传递过来的值

eg：

public class RegAction extends ActionSupport{

  private String name;

  private String pass;

  public void setName(String name) {

          this.name = name;

    }

  public void setPass(String pass) {

          this.pass = pass;

  }

          @Override

          public String execute() throws Exception {

                   System.out.println("name-->"+name);

                   System.out.println("pass-->"+pass);

                   return SUCCESS;

          }

}

     2.模型驱动

   需要编写一个模型类，  Action中模型类的属性名与页面表单的name进行一一对应 ，Action中提供一个模型类属性， 实现 ModelDriven<User>接口并指定类名，实现getModel（）方法，创建并返回一个类对象

eg：

public class LoginAction extends ActionSupport

      implements ModelDriven<User>{

   private User user;

          @Override

          public String execute() throws Exception {

                     System.out.println(user.getName());

                     System.out.println(user.getPass());

                   return SUCCESS;

          }

          @Override

          public User getModel() {

                   user=new User();

                   return user;

          }

}

5.Action中如何传值：

struts如何传值

     一、 Map

          1：

          public String execute() throws Exception {

                   Map request = (Map) ActionContext.getContext().get("request");

                   Map session = (Map) ActionContext.getContext().getSession();

                   Map application = (Map) ActionContext.getContext().getApplication();

                   request.put("name", "admin");

                   session.put("sessionname", "sessionadmin");

                   application.put("applicationname", "applicationadmin");

                   return SUCCESS;

          }

          2：

public class UserAction extends ActionSupport implements RequestAware,

                   SessionAware, ApplicationAware {

          Map request;

          Map session;

          Map application;

          @Override

          public String execute() throws Exception {

                   request.put("name", "admin");

                   session.put("sessionname", "sessionadmin");

                   application.put("applicationname", "applicationadmin");

                   return SUCCESS;

          }

     二、HttpServletRequest

     1：

public String execute() throws Exception {

                   HttpServletRequest request = ServletActionContext.getRequest();

                   HttpSession session = request.getSession();

                   ServletContext application = session.getServletContext();

                   request.setAttribute("name", "admin");

                   session.setAttribute("sessionname", "sessionadmin");

                   application.setAttribute("applicationname", "applicationadmin");

                   return SUCCESS;

          }

     2：

public class UserAction extends ActionSupport implements RequestAware,

                   SessionAware, ApplicationAware {

          Map request;

          Map session;

          Map application;

          @Override

          public String execute() throws Exception {

                   request.put("name", "admin");

                   session.put("sessionname", "sessionadmin");

                   application.put("applicationname", "applicationadmin");

                   return SUCCESS;

          }

          @Override

          public void setRequest(Map<String, Object> arg0) {

                   request = arg0;

          }

          @Override

          public void setApplication(Map<String, Object> arg0) {

                   application = arg0;

          }

          @Override

          public void setSession(Map<String, Object> arg0) {

                   session = arg0;

          }

}

六，struts2动态方法的调用

     namespace+Action name！方法名

     完全匹配namespace+Action name 如果找不到会忽略namespace 找“/”+Action name

七、struts中的文件上传

     表单<form action="upload" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">

     表单的<input  type =“file”name=“”>

单个文件的上传：

public class FileUploadAction extends ActionSupport {

          private String name;

          private File photo;

          private String photoFileName; // file属性名+Name

          private String photoContentType;// file属性名+ContentType

          public void setName(String name) {

                   this.name = name;

          }

          public void setPhoto(File photo) {

                   this.photo = photo;

          }

          public void setPhotoFileName(String photoFileName) {

                   this.photoFileName = photoFileName;

          }

          public void setPhotoContentType(String photoContentType) {

                   this.photoContentType = photoContentType;

          }

          public String execute() throws Exception {

                   String path = ServletActionContext.getRequest().getRealPath(

                                      "/uploadFiles");

                   long curr = System.currentTimeMillis();

                   System.out.println(path);

                   File file = new File(path, curr

                                      + photoFileName.substring(photoFileName.lastIndexOf(".")));

                   FileUtils.copyFile(photo, file);

                   return SUCCESS;

          }

}

多个文件的上传：

public class FileUploadAction extends ActionSupport {

          private String name;

          private File photo;

          private String photoFileName; // file属性名+Name

          private String photoContentType;// file属性名+ContentType

          public void setName(String name) {

                   this.name = name;

          }

          public void setPhoto(File photo) {

                   this.photo = photo;

          }

          public void setPhotoFileName(String photoFileName) {

                   this.photoFileName = photoFileName;

          }

          public void setPhotoContentType(String photoContentType) {

                   this.photoContentType = photoContentType;

          }

          public String execute() throws Exception {

                   String path = ServletActionContext.getRequest().getRealPath(

                                      "/uploadFiles");

                   long curr = System.currentTimeMillis();

                   System.out.println(path);

                   File file = new File(path, curr

                                      + photoFileName.substring(photoFileName.lastIndexOf(".")));

                   FileUtils.copyFile(photo, file);

                   return SUCCESS;

          }

}

八、struts2异常处理

     1.配置   log4j

     log4j -》log for java

     log4j等级 error-》waring -》info

九：struts2拦截器Interceptor

     struts的拦截器两种实现方式

          1。实现Interceptor接口

          2.继承AbstractInterceptor 抽象类

拦截器多个拦截器采取栈的思想，先进后出

十、Action 跳转jsp和跳转action

Action 跳转jsp：

     1.默认type=“dispatcher”， 是请求转发，一次请求，地址栏不发生变化，可以传递request范围值

     2.action中加入type=“redirect”变为请求重定向，两次请求，地址栏会发生变化，不可以传递request范围值

Action跳转action  ：

       type="chain"
                      请求转发   一次请求   地址栏不发生变化
           <result name="index" type="chain">
     <param name="namespace">/user</param>
     <param name="actionName">user</param>
     </result>
    

     type="redirectAction" 请求重定向           

      <result name="index" type="redirectAction">user/user</result> 

十一：struts2 国际化（I18N） Internationalization