java Integer类的缓存

 首先看一段代码（使用JDK 5），如下：

public class Hello 
{ 
  public static void main(String[] args) 
  { 
    int a = 1000, b = 1000; 
    System.out.println(a == b); 

    Integer c = 1000, d = 1000; 
    System.out.println(c == d); 

    Integer e = 100, f = 100; 
    System.out.println(e == f); 
  } 
} 

输出结果：

true
false
true

The Java Language Specification, 3rd Edition 写道：

为了节省内存，对于下列包装对象的两个实例，当它们的基本值相同时，他们总是==：
 Boolean
 Byte
 Character, \u0000 - \u007f(7f是十进制的127)
 Integer, -128 — 127

查看jdk源码，如下：

/**
     * Cache to support the object identity semantics of autoboxing for values between 
     * -128 and 127 (inclusive) as required by JLS.
     *
     * The cache is initialized on first usage. During VM initialization the
     * getAndRemoveCacheProperties method may be used to get and remove any system
     * properites that configure the cache size. At this time, the size of the
     * cache may be controlled by the vm option -XX:AutoBoxCacheMax=<size>.
     */

    // value of java.lang.Integer.IntegerCache.high property (obtained during VM init)
    private static String integerCacheHighPropValue;

    static void getAndRemoveCacheProperties() {
        if (!sun.misc.VM.isBooted()) {
            Properties props = System.getProperties();
            integerCacheHighPropValue =
                (String)props.remove("java.lang.Integer.IntegerCache.high");
            if (integerCacheHighPropValue != null)
                System.setProperties(props);  // remove from system props
        }
    }

    private static class IntegerCache {
        static final int high;
        static final Integer cache[];

        static {
            final int low = -128;

            // high value may be configured by property
            int h = 127;
            if (integerCacheHighPropValue != null) {
                // Use Long.decode here to avoid invoking methods that
                // require Integer's autoboxing cache to be initialized
                int i = Long.decode(integerCacheHighPropValue).intValue();
                i = Math.max(i, 127);
                // Maximum array size is Integer.MAX_VALUE
                h = Math.min(i, Integer.MAX_VALUE - -low);
            }
            high = h;

            cache = new Integer[(high - low) + 1];
            int j = low;
            for(int k = 0; k < cache.length; k++) //缓存区间数据
                cache[k] = new Integer(j++);
        }

        private IntegerCache() {}
    }

    /**
     * Returns a <tt>Integer</tt> instance representing the specified
     * <tt>int</tt> value.
     * If a new <tt>Integer</tt> instance is not required, this method
     * should generally be used in preference to the constructor
     * {@link #Integer(int)}, as this method is likely to yield
     * significantly better space and time performance by caching
     * frequently requested values.
     *
     * @param  i an <code>int</code> value.
     * @return a <tt>Integer</tt> instance representing <tt>i</tt>.
     * @since  1.5
     */
    public static Integer valueOf(int i) {
        if(i >= -128 && i <= IntegerCache.high)
            return IntegerCache.cache[i + 128];
        else
            return new Integer(i);
    }

这儿的IntegerCache有一个静态的Integer数组，在类加载时就将-128 到 127 的Integer对象创建了，并保存在cache数组中，一旦程序调用valueOf 方法，如果i的值是在-128 到 127 之间就直接在cache缓存数组中去取Integer对象。

再看其它的包装器：

• Boolean：(全部缓存)
• Byte：(全部缓存)
• 
  
• Character(<= 127缓存)
  
• Short(-128 — 127缓存)
• Long(-128 — 127缓存)
  
• 
  
• Float(没有缓存)
• Doulbe(没有缓存)
  

同样对于垃圾回收器来说：

Integer i = 100;   
i = null;//will not make any object available for GC at all.

这里的代码不会有对象符合垃圾回收器的条件，这儿的i虽然被赋予null，但它之前指向的是cache中的Integer对象，而cache没有被赋null，所以Integer(100)这个对象还是存在。

而如果i大于127或小于-128则它所指向的对象将符合垃圾回收的条件：

Integer i = 10000;   
i = null;//will make the newly created Integer object available for GC.