十一、工厂设计模式
1.最简单的工厂设计模式
场景:有一个Fruit接口,Apple类和Orange类都实现了Fruit接口,Factory用来生产水果;
import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;
interface Fruit{
public void eat();
}
class Apple implements Fruit{
public void eat(){
System.out.println("吃苹果");
}
}
class Orange implements Fruit{
public void eat(){
System.out.println("吃橘子");
}
}
class Factory{
public static Fruit getInstance(String name)throws Exception{
Fruit f = null;
if("apple".equals(name)){
f = new Apple();
}
else if("orange".equals(name)){
f = new Orange();
}
if(f!=null){
return f;
}
else return null;
}
}
public class FactoryDemo01{
public static void main(String args[])throws Exception{
Fruit f = Factory.getInstance("apple");
f.eat();
}
}
2.通过反射实现
上面的例子有一个坏处,就是在Factory的getInstance代码会随着水果数量增加而增加,比如如果增加了一个banana类,则需要添加
if(name.equals("banana")){...}
这样非常不方便,因此反射就是一个很好的解决方法:
import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;
interface Fruit{
public void eat();
}
class Apple implements Fruit{
public void eat(){
System.out.println("吃苹果");
}
}
class Orange implements Fruit{
public void eat(){
System.out.println("吃橘子");
}
}
class Factory{
public static Fruit getInstance(String name)throws Exception{
Fruit f = null
Fruit f = (Fruit)Class.forName(name).newInstance();
if(f!=null){
return f;
}
else return null;
}
}
public class FactoryDemo01{
public static void main(String args[])throws Exception{
Fruit f = Factory.getInstance("Apple");
f.eat();
}
}
3.增加灵活性:配置文件
但是还有一个缺点,就是如果Apple类等有包名,则如果要访问此类,必须添加包名+类名称才可以。比如Apple类的最上方:package org;则必须通过org.Apple才可以访问Apple类。因此通过Properties文件可以解决这个问题;
import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;
interface Fruit{
public void eat();
}
class Apple implements Fruit{
public void eat(){
System.out.println("吃苹果");
}
}
class Orange implements Fruit{
public void eat(){
System.out.println("吃橘子");
}
}
class Factory{
public static Fruit getInstance(String name)throws Exception{
Fruit f = null
Fruit f = (Fruit)Class.forName(name).newInstance();
if(f!=null){
return f;
}
else return null;
}
private Factory(){}
}
public class FactoryDemo01{
public static void main(String args[])throws Exception{
Properties p = new Properties();
p.load(new FileInputStream("1.properties"));
String str = p.getProperty("apple");
Fruit f = Factory.getInstance(str);
f.eat();
}
}
1.properties代码:
apple=Apple
orange=Orange