android中fragment与activity之间通信原理以及例子

摘要 首先,如果你想在android3.0及以下版本使用fragment,你必须引用android-support-v4.jar这个包 然后你写的activity不能再继承自Activity类了,而是要继承android.support.v4.app.FragmentActivity,一些其他的父类也有相应的变化. 由于在android的实现机制中frag

首先,如果你想在android3.0及以下版本使用fragment,你必须引用android-support-v4.jar这个包

然后你写的activity不能再继承自Activity类了,而是要继承android.support.v4.app.FragmentActivity,一些其他的父类也有相应的变化.

由于在android的实现机制中fragment和activity会被分别实例化为两个不相干的对象,他们之间的联系由activity的一个成员对象fragmentmanager来维护.fragment实例化后会到activity中的fragmentmanager去注册一下,这个动作封装在fragment对象的onAttach中,所以你可以在fragment中声明一些回调接口,当fragment调用onAttach时,将这些回调接口实例化,这样fragment就能调用各个activity的成员函数了,当然activity必须implements这些接口,否则会包classcasterror

fragment和activity的回调机制又是OOP的一次完美演绎!

下面通过一个例子来说明：

 

我把Activity的UI分为两个部分，左边和右边，左边用来放置点击的按钮(LeftFragment),右边用来放置对应点击后显示的信息(RightFragment).

Activity的布局layout文件：main.xml

 

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<?xml version= "1.0"  encoding= "utf-8" ?> <LinearLayout xmlns:android= "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"      android:layout_width= "fill_parent"      android:layout_height= "fill_parent"      android:orientation= "horizontal"  >          <LinearLayout          android:id= "@+id/left_layout"          android:layout_width= "wrap_content"          android:layout_height= "fill_parent"          android:layout_weight= "1"          android:orientation= "vertical"  >      </LinearLayout>          <LinearLayout          android:id= "@+id/right_layout"          android:layout_width= "wrap_content"          android:layout_height= "fill_parent"          android:layout_weight= "10"          android:orientation= "vertical"  >      </LinearLayout>     </LinearLayout>

LeftFragment的布局layout：leftfragment.xml

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<?xml version= "1.0"  encoding= "utf-8" ?> <LinearLayout xmlns:android= "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"      android:layout_width= "match_parent"      android:layout_height= "match_parent"      android:orientation= "vertical"  >          <Button          android:id= "@+id/first_button"          android:layout_width= "fill_parent"          android:layout_height= "wrap_content"          android:text= "@string/first_button"  />          <Button          android:id= "@+id/second_button"          android:layout_width= "fill_parent"          android:layout_height= "wrap_content"          android:text= "@string/second_button"  />          <Button          android:id= "@+id/third_button"          android:layout_width= "fill_parent"          android:layout_height= "wrap_content"          android:text= "@string/third_button"  />     </LinearLayout>

RightFragment的布局layout:rightfragment.xml

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<?xml version= "1.0"  encoding= "utf-8" ?> <LinearLayout xmlns:android= "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"      android:layout_width= "match_parent"      android:layout_height= "match_parent"      android:orientation= "vertical"  >          <TextView          android:id= "@+id/right_show_message"          android:layout_width= "fill_parent"          android:layout_height= "fill_parent"          android:background= "@android:color/holo_orange_dark"          android:textColor= "@android:color/white"  />     </LinearLayout>

以上是两个fragment和一个Activity的布局文件，下面来看他们的java文件

Activity:

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public class FirstActivity extends Activity implements MyListener {      /**       * 实现MyListener,当LeftFragment中点击第一页的时候，让RightFragment显示第一页信息,同理当点击第二页的时候，RightFragment显示第二页信息       *        * @param index       *            显示的页数       */      public void showMessage(int index)      {          if  (1 == index)              showMessageView.setText(R.string.first_page);          if  (2 == index)              showMessageView.setText(R.string.second_page);          if  (3 == index)              showMessageView.setText(R.string.third_page);      }          /** 得到RightFragment中显示信息的控件 */      private TextView showMessageView;          /** Called when the activity is first created. */      @Override      public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState)      {          super .onCreate(savedInstanceState);          setContentView(R.layout.main);          System.out.println( "Activity--->onCreate" );              FragmentManager manager = getFragmentManager();          FragmentTransaction transaction = manager.beginTransaction();          // 动态增加Fragment          RightFragment rightFragment =  new  RightFragment();          LeftFragment leftFragment =  new  LeftFragment();          transaction.add(R.id.left_layout, leftFragment,  "leftfragment" );          transaction.add(R.id.right_layout, rightFragment,  "rightfragment" );          transaction.commit();          }          @Override      protected void onResume()      {          super .onResume();          System.out.println( "Activity--->onResume" );          showMessageView = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.right_show_message);      } }

LeftFragment:

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public class LeftFragment extends Fragment {      /** Acitivity要实现这个接口，这样Fragment和Activity就可以共享事件触发的资源了 */      public interface MyListener      {          public void showMessage(int index);      }          private MyListener myListener;      private Button firstButton;      private Button secondButton;      private Button thirdButton;          /** Fragment第一次附属于Activity时调用,在onCreate之前调用 */      @Override      public void onAttach(Activity activity)      {          super .onAttach(activity);          System.out.println( "LeftFragment--->onAttach" );              myListener = (MyListener) activity;      }          @Override      public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState)      {          super .onCreate(savedInstanceState);          System.out.println( "LeftFragment--->onCreate" );      }          @Override      public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState)      {          System.out.println( "LeftFragment--->onCreateView" );          return  inflater.inflate(R.layout.leftfragment, container,  false );      }          @Override      public void onResume()      {          super .onResume();          System.out.println( "LeftFragment--->onResume" );              firstButton = (Button) getActivity().findViewById(R.id.first_button);          secondButton = (Button) getActivity().findViewById(R.id.second_button);          thirdButton = (Button) getActivity().findViewById(R.id.third_button);              MyButtonClickListener clickListener =  new  MyButtonClickListener();          firstButton.setOnClickListener(clickListener);          secondButton.setOnClickListener(clickListener);          thirdButton.setOnClickListener(clickListener);      }          /** 按钮的监听器 */      class MyButtonClickListener implements OnClickListener      {          public void onClick(View v)          {              Button button = (Button) v;              if  (button == firstButton)                  myListener.showMessage(1);              if  (button == secondButton)                  myListener.showMessage(2);              if  (button == thirdButton)                  myListener.showMessage(3);          }      } }

RightFragment:

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public class RightFragment extends Fragment {      @Override      public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState)      {          System.out.println( "RightFragment--->onCreate" );          super .onCreate(savedInstanceState);      }          @Override      public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState)      {          System.out.println( "RightFragment--->onCreateView" );          return  inflater.inflate(R.layout.rightfragment, container,  false );      } }

注意，Fragment的生命周期和Activity生命周期之间的关系。在Activity里动态生成Fragment，首先是Activity调用onCreate()方法，但是这时候还没有加载到Fragment里的组件，当Fragment调用其onCreateView()方法后，Activity才能得到Fragment中的组件

 

 

 

这里最关键的就是Fragment要有一个接口和这个接口的引用，而这个接口需要Activity去实现它。当Fragment调用onAttach(Activity acitivity)方法的时候，将这个activity传递给这个接口引用，这样，就可以和Activity进行交互了.